Edexcel FM Mechanics Impulse & momentum

Section 2: Newton’s Experimental Law

Solutions to Exercise level 2

1.
24 v
30° 

Horizontally: 24cos 30   v cos 

v cos   12 3
Vertically: v sin   e  24sin 30  0.25  24sin 30  3
Squaring and adding: v 2 cos 2   v 2 sin 2   432  9
v 2  441
v  21
The particle rebounds at a speed of 21 ms-1.

2.

Before After
6u 3u vA 5u

2m 3m 2m 3m

Conservation of momentum: (2m  6u )  (3m  3u )  2mv A  (3m  5 u )

12u  9u  2v A  15 u
v A  3u
5 u  3u 2
Newton’s Law of restitution: e 
6u  3u 3

3.

Before 7 ms-1 After

8 ms-1 v1 v2

5 kg 3 kg 5 kg 3 kg

Conservation of momentum: (5  8)  (3  7)  5 v 1  3v 2
19  5 v 1  3v 2

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 Edexcel FM Momentum 2 Exercise solutions

Newton’s Law of restitution: v 2  v 1  0.6(8  ( 7))  9

v2 v1  9
Substituting: 19  5 v 1  3(v 1  9)
19  5 v 1  3v 1  27
8  8v 1
v 1  1, v 2  8
5 kg sphere moves at 1 ms-1 in opposite direction to original direction of
motion.
3 kg sphere moves at 8 ms-1 in opposite direction to original direction of
motion.

4.

Before After
12 ms-1 2 ms-1 v

1 kg 4 kg 1 kg 4 kg

Conservation of momentum: (1  12)  (4  2)  4v

20  4v
v 5
5
Newton’s Law of restitution: e  0.5
12  2

5. Coefficient of restitution = 1 since spheres are perfectly elastic.

(i)

Before After
15 ms-1 v1 v2

A B A B
4 kg 2 kg 4 kg 2 kg
Conservation of momentum: 4  15  4v 1  2v 2
30  2v 1  v 2
Newton’s Law of restitution: v 2  v 1  15
v 2  v 1  15
Substituting: 30  2v 1  v 1  15
15  3v 1
v 1  5 , v 2  20
The speed of A after the collision is 5 ms-1.
The speed of B after the collision is 20 ms-1.
(Both in the original direction of motion of A).

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(ii)
Before After
20 ms-1 vB vC

B C B C
2 kg 3 kg 2 kg 3 kg
Conservation of momentum: 2  20  2v B  3v C
40  2v B  3v C
Newton’s Law of restitution: v C  v B  20
v C  v B  20
Substituting: 40  2v B  3(v B  20)
40  2v B  3v B  60
20  5 v B
v B  4, v C  16
The speed of B after the collision is 4 ms-1.
The speed of C after the collision is 16 ms-1.
(C in the original direction of motion of A, B in opposite direction).

(iii) Yes, since A is moving in its original direction of motion, and B is now
moving in the opposite direction, A and B will collide again.

6. (i)

Before After
5u v1 v2

2m m 2m m
Conservation of momentum: 2m  5 u  2mv 1  mv 2
10u  2v 1  v 2
Newton’s Law of restitution: v 2  v 1  0.8  5 u  4u
v 2  v 1  4u
Substituting: 10u  2v 1  v 1  4u
6u  3v 1
v 1  2u , v 2  6u
After the impact, the speed of A is 2u and the speed of B is 6u.

(ii) For second collision between A and B

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Edexcel FM Momentum 2 Exercise solutions

Before After
2u v VB

2m m 2m m
Conservation of momentum: (2m  2u )  mv  mv B
v B  4u  v
Newton’s Law of restitution: v B  0.8(2u  ( v ))
v B  1.6u  0.8v
Substituting: 4u  v  1.6u  0.8v
1.8v  2.4u
v  43 u
For collision between B and wall, initial speed of B is 6u and speed after
impact is 43 u in the opposite direction.
4
u 2
e 3 
6u 9

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