Thesis Dec 2019 - Rhea Joy R. Blasco, Hiromi Nalla

Republic of the Philippines
SURIGAO DEL SUR STATE UNIVERSITY

Main Campus, Tandag City
UNDERGRADUATE STUDIES
______________________________________________________________________________
PROPOSED ESTABLISHMENT OF ADDITIONAL COVERED WALKWAY
AT SURIGAO DEL SUR STATE UNIVERSITY MAIN CAMPUS
A Thesis Presented to
The College of Engineering Technology
In Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirements for the Degree of
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CIVIL ENGINEERING
By:
HIROMI NALLA
RHEA JOY R. BLASCO
December 2019
______________________________________________________________________________
Approval Sheet
This thesis entitled, “ESTABLISHMENT OF ADDITIONAL COVERED WALKWAY AT
SDSSU MAIN CAMPUS”, prepared and submitted by Rhea Joy Blasco, and Hiromi Nalla in
partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering is
hereby recommended for approval.
ENGR. RETCHE G. TUBAY

Adviser
Date: _____________
ENGR. _____________
Panellists
Date: _____________
This thesis is approved in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of
Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering.
ENGR. RETCHE G. TUBAY

Thesis Instructor
Date: _____________
DR. ALEX S. LADAGA

Dean, College of Engineering and Technology
Date: _____________
______________________________________________________________________________
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The researchers would like to express their gratitude and recognize that this research
would have been difficult to complete without valuable inputs and support from others. They are
grateful to present the research paper that came from their hard work and through help from the
following:
First and foremost, credits to Almighty Father who gives strength in making this
research, for giving guidance and wisdom, and for the good health blessed to the researchers in
accomplishing this paper.
Secondly, the researchers are beholden to their parents for supporting them financially
and emotionally and also for believing them that the research would be done successfully.
Thirdly, the researchers would like to send their appreciation to their adviser/instructor
Engr. Retche G. Tubay for assisting and helping them in making this research paper a successful
one, who has diligently worked at refining and sharing his expertise for the realization of this
work given his busy schedule.
Lastly, the researchers are thankful to their friends for supporting and helping in some
difficulties.
Hiromi Nalla
Rhea Joy R. Blasco
ABSTRACT
The study "ESTABLISHMENT OF ADDITIONAL COVERED WALKWAY AT
SDSSU MAIN CAMPUS" was conducted to provide more areas for the students, faculties, and
guests to walk through without worrying about the un-ease feeling they get when exposed to
harsh weathers. Another reason would be that the students, faculties, and guests could finally
______________________________________________________________________________
make use of those concrete benches along the pathway from the Office of the SSG to the
Gymnasium now that they would be shielded against the sun and the rains.
The method used in the research was descriptive method where interviews, surveys,
document search and observation were utilized to gather data. The research was conducted in
Surigao del Sur State University - Main Campus, Tandag City where the site is located and the
respondents of the study are former and current students.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ABSTRACT
Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION
______________________________________________________________________________
1.1 Background of the study
1.2 Research Objective
1.3 Significance of the study
1.4 Target Beneficiaries/Clients
1.5 Scope and Delimitation
1.6 Review of Related Literature
Chapter 2 METHODOLOGY
2.1 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
2.2 Proposal Design
2.3 Proposal Environment / Locale
2.4 Instruments
2.5 Source of Data
2.6 Procedures
2.6.1 Gathering of Data
2.6.2 Statistical Treatments/Treatment of Data
2.7 PLANNING
2.8 STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS
Chapter 3 RESULTS
3.1 The Necessity Factor
3.2 Plans
______________________________________________________________________________
3.3 Estimate
Chapter 4 DISCUSSIONS
4.1 Conclusion
4.2 Recommendation
REFERENCES
APPENDICES
CURRICULUM VITAE
Chapter 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study
Few schools have the luxury of housing all classrooms and other school facilities in one
building. Often there is a multitude of buildings, particularly at college level, that can be spread
around a large site. As the intake in many schools increases, the movement around a school
______________________________________________________________________________
during a lesson change can be chaotic even on a pleasant sunny day, but throw a heavy rain into
the mix with a large amount of students and the mad dash which ensues can cause slips and trips
as well as collisions between pupils as they run for cover.
Providing a covered walkway helps to ensure movement around a school site is measured and
sensible, whatever the weather. Students have no cause to run during the bad weather and these
areas can be used as outdoor social areas during breaks and lunch times, providing students with
much needed access to fresh air to keep their brains alert and ready for learning.
1.2 Research Objective
The purpose of this project is to provide protection against the sun and other harsh
weather conditions. A lot of problems and sickness, like skin cancer and fevers, can be prevented
from too much exposure to the rough weather. Students, staff, and visitors to the campus will
also experience a more comfortable way to travel around the school.
Based on the mentioned objectives, the proposal is highly necessary to student and staff as it will
improve their daily routine efficiency.
1.3 Significance of the Study
This project aims to deliver safeguard and ease. Aside from that, with the addition of the
covered walkway in the campus, it can certainly add a new element that is sure to increase the
value and importance of the construction. Finally the concrete benches along the walkway from
the SSG building to gymnasium can be used with the cover from the sun. Also provides mobility
to all users without being hindered by any weathers, except typhoons.
1.4 Target Beneficiaries/Clients
This research entitled “Covered Walkway” will be of great help to the following entities:
Students - It helps them when going across buildings after classes. Avoid getting late if right
conditions apply.
Teachers and Staffs - Providing them with luxurious service, treated like kings and queens.
______________________________________________________________________________
Visitors - Besides cover, make them appreciate the beauty of newly constructed covered
walkways
1.5 Scope and Delimitation
This study focuses on the costs of the project, obstruction to the already built structures,
and the design quality based on wind speed. This study also focused in establishing a walkway
located at SDSSU main campus. Covered walkway has the greatest impact to the clients. It offers
them a complete protection against the UV rays and any harmful elements acquired due to the
weather.
1.6 Review of Related Literature
There are numerous benefits regarding the use of any types of covered walkways. As
stated on “The Benefits of Covered Walkways” by Henry 2012, “Covered walkways are one of
those products that you use in your house or building for more than one purpose. As the name
suggests, the covered walkways are meant to provide protection in the walkways. These
walkways are available in different shapes and sizes so that you can choose according to your
needs”, it is clear how important an implementation of a canopy or covering over a certain
walkway. “Health and Environment Effect of Ultraviolet Radiation” by WHO (World Health
Organization) 1994 also backs the harmful effect the sun does on human tissues.
“Covered walkways are adaptable as they can be used as a rainy-day play area or as a
classroom or even as a lunch room. They can hugely popular because of their flexible nature and
have become mandatory for schools” by Nouagh Albert 2011

______________________________________________________________________________
Chapter 2
METHODOLOGY
2.1 Research Methodology
This chapter includes the concept of respondent’s data gathering method and statistical
treatment that is being employed.
2.2 Proposal Design
The hand outs, in a form of survey questionnaire, are given to the students of SDSSU in
which we will be able to find out their opinions regarding the current covered walkway system.
Depending on their answers, we will then map out the areas needed for additional canopies and
we design based on it
2.3 Proposal Environment / Locale
This proposal is being conducted in Surigao del Sur State University where the survey has taken
place and where additional covered walkways would be established.
2.4 Instruments
______________________________________________________________________________
The instruments we use for the survey is a "yes or no" type of questionnaire that portraits
their opinions easily. (See Appendix B)
2.5 Source of Data
Data will be gathered from the students of SDSSU who may or may not be aware about
the already built covered walkways.
2.6 Procedures
2.6.1 Gathering of Data
In this study, the number of samples to collect data from is computed using the Slovin formula
where the population is the total active students of the current school year.
(See Appendix C)
N
μ= 2
1+( N × e )
µ= Minimum number of samples required
N= Population
e= Inaccuracy ease due to intolerable sampling error (using 15%)
5,987
μ= 2
=44.12 say 44
1+( 5,987× 0.15 )
Thus, the minimum sample size in this study was 44 respondents. We decided to choose those 44
respondents randomly.
On November 18, 2019, we started our survey.
As we distributed the questionnaire, we also provided insights on how the additional

canopy system would be able to utilize those benches along the pathway from SSG office to the
gymnasium.
For uniformity purposes, we based off the design of additional canopies to be similar to the old
one, and for that we took photos of the old canopies found on opposite side of the old library
building near the entrance of this university.
2.6.2 Statistical Treatments/Treatment of Data

______________________________________________________________________________
Data we gathered through the survey serve as a basis of necessity for additional covered
walkway, in which our design would be based on.
2.7 PLANNING
We first procured a soft copy of SDSSU Campus Development Plan from the university’s
Physical Plant and Facilities Office in order for us to be able to propose and layout where the
covered walkway would be needed. Next, we form a conceptual design based on the
recommended dimension on National Structure Code of the Philippines (NSCP). We decided to
use steel members for the frame. The design for the covered walkway's frame, whether single or
double frame, and for the roof (canopy), whether curved or flat, is entirely subject to change
depending on the level of difficulty in computing for the structural loads.
2.8 STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS
The design should the resist and survive any possible stress endured from loads. There are
different loads that needed to be considered, the structure’s own weight (dead load), rain and
foliage (live load), and also the wind load, which is critical in designing the structure since
typical covered walkway can withstand its own weight but a harsh wind can sometimes lead to a
failure.
We then choose the appropriate steel dimension and roofing materials needed to resist
those different load combinations.
Chapter 3
RESULTS
3.1 The Necessity Factor

______________________________________________________________________________
We have conducted a survey with students of SDSSU out of 44 that resulted to 56.82% of
students that were unsatisfied in terms of the current walkway system, 95.46% of students agreed
there is a need for covered walkway in additional areas, and a 100% of students were satisfactory
in terms of establishing additional covered walkway. Therefore, the design for these project will
now continue.
Table 3.1 Survey Results
Questions YES NO PERCENT

UNSATISFACTORY
Are you satisfied with the current covered walkway 19 25 56.82%
system in our system?
Is there an additional areas needed for a covered 42 2 3.54%
walkway?
If yes, is the construction of “campus-wide covered 44 0 0%
walkway system” would be satisfactory and beneficial
to all?
CHAPTER 4
DISCUSSION
______________________________________________________________________________
4.1 CONCLUSION
Based from our survey that we conducted, it was found out that most of the
students believes that there is indeed a need for additional areas for canopies to be constructed
on, and all of them agreed upon the idea of campus wide covered walkway system. Therefore,
we conclude that it is indeed necessary to construct additional covered walkways as it has been
proven.
Now that the necessity of this project has established, we then mapped the areas where
the covered walkways are needed. The design, in which we followed from the already built
canopies near the SDSSU entrance for uniformity purposes, was made with the additional factors
for modern weather extremities. We tested it for structural integrity. The estimate for materials,
labor, and other factors has been made. At this moment, the project is ready for approval, and our
study has finally fulfilled its purpose.
4.2 RECOMMENDATIONS
Because of our additional canopy being mapped and designed for current school
buildings only, it is important to design and then construct additional canopies for the new
buildings in the near future.
REFERENCES;
https://camosse.com/the-benefits-of-covered-walkwaysX
http://aceshelters.weebly.com/the-utility-of-covered-walkways-in-schools.htmlX
______________________________________________________________________________
https://www.google.com/url?
sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://www.who.int/uv/publications/UVEHeffects.pdf&ved=2ah
UKEwiTzpaYr5PmAhXkyosBHacsArQQFjAAegQIAhAB&usg=AOvVaw0cJ-
Dh84YvqyNh4ciytxAHX
https://www.unrealengine.com/twinmotion
staad.pro
autocad 2016
sketch-up 2018
Appendix B:
SURVEY QUESTIONAIRE
______________________________________________________________________________
NOVEMBER 18, 2019
Instruction: Kindly check the underlined space your preferred answer.
1. What college are you in as of now?

_____CAS _____CECST _____CBM ____CTE
2. How many years have you studied in this school?

_____less than a year _____5 years or more
_____1 to 4 years
3. Are you satisfied with the current covered walkway system in our campus?
_____YES _____NO
4. Is there an additional areas needed for a covered walkway?

_____YES _____NO
5. If yes, is the construction of “campus-wide covered walkway system” would be

satisfactory and beneficial to all?
_____YES _____NO
______________________________________________________________________________
APPENDICES
Appendix A:
December 9, 2019
RENE Q. DIAZ, MPA, MAED

REGISTRAR III
Surigao del Sur State University
Sir:
Greetings!
We, the students of the program Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering of Surigao
del Sur State University Main Campus are pursuing a research entitled “An Additional
Covered Walkway”. This research hopes to provide protection against the sun and other
harsh weather conditions.
With regards to this, we would like to request on your good office the list/number of
students enrolled in SDSSU Main Campus as they are also determined as the target
users of the said research proposal.
Thank you for your consideration and respond to this matter.
Sincerely yours,
RHEAJOY R. BLASCO HIROMI NALLA

Researcher Researcher
Noted:
ENGR. RETCHE G. TUBAY, MEPCE ENGR. ALEX S. LADAGA, Ph.D

Adviser Dean, CET
Approved:
RENE Q. DIAZ, MPA, MAED

REGISTRAR III
______________________________________________________________________________
Appendix C:
______________________________________________________________________________
Appendix D:
PROJECT LOCATION
______________________________________________________________________________
Appendix E:
PERSPECTIVE
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
CURRICULUM VITAE
Name : HIROMI NALLA

Address : Buenavista, Tandag City, SDS
Contact No : 09983851090
Email : hirominalla@gmail.com
PERSONAL DATA
Nationality : Filipino/Japanese
Sex : Male
Status : Single
Date of Birth : March 22, 1997
Place of Birth : Ito-Shi, Shizuoka ken, Japan
EDUCATION
Elementary : Buenavista Elementary School
Secondary : Buenavista National High School

Tertiary : Surigao del Sur State University, Tandag City
- Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering
______________________________________________________________________________
CURRICULUM VITAE
Name : RHEA JOY R. BLASCO

Address : Mabua, Tandag City, SDS
Contact No : 09465886752
Email : rheajoyblasco.96@gmail.com
PERSONAL DATA
Nationality : Filipino
Sex : Female
Status : Single
Date of Birth : October 11, 1998
Place of Birth : Tandag City, Surigao del Sur
EDUCATION
Elementary : Tandag Central Elementary School
Secondary : Jacinto P. Elpa National High School
Tertiary : Surigao del Sur State University, Tandag City
- Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering
______________________________________________________________________________
Appendix D:
DETAILED ESTIMATES (FOR SIDEWALK)
COVERED WALWAY (SIDEWALK)
ITEM No.: 404 UNIT: kgs.

DESCRIPTION: REINFORCING STEELBARS QUANTITY: 17.68
Manpower/ Quantities Manpower Duration

No. of Unit
Equipment kgs ( Output/Day ) ( day )
Bar Cutter 1 17.68 377 1
Bar Bender 1 17.68 360.0 1
Steelman 1 17.68 377.0 1
Laborer 1
DESCRIPTION QTY. UNIT DAYS UNIT COST AMOUNT

DIRECT COST
A. Equipment Rental: (To include fuel & Lubricants)
a. Bar Cutter 1 e.d. 1 1,019.36 1,019.36

b. Bar Bender 1 e.d. 1 2,073.36 2,073.36
Equipment Total 3,092.72
B. Labor:
a. Foreman 1 m.d. 1 530.40 530.40
b. Steelman 1 m.d. 1 441.84 441.84
c. Bar Cutter Operator 1 m.d. 1 413.20 413.20
d. Bar Bender Operator 1 m.d. 1 413.20 413.20
Skilled Sub-Total 1,798.64
a. Laborer 1 m.d. 1 296.80 296.80
Unskilled Sub-Total 296.80
Labor Total 2,095.44
C. Materials:
20mm Ø x 6.0m RSB (G40) 8 pcs 563.16 4,505.28
10mm Ø x 6.0m RSB (G40) 10 pcs 140.60 1,406.00
# 16 G.I Tie Wire 12 kg 66.00 792.00
Hacksaw Blade (Class A) 10 pcs 70.00 700.00
Materials Total 7,403.28
D. DIRECT COST (A+B+C) 12,591.44
E. OCM 12.00% of Direct Cost 1,510.97

F. Profit 10.00% of Direct Cost 1,259.14
G. VAT 12.00% of ( DC + OCM +CP ) 1,843.39
H. INDIRECT COST (E+F+G) 4,613.50
I. TOTAL ITEM COST (D+H) 17,204.94

Unit Cost/kgs. 973.13
______________________________________________________________________________
ITEM No.: 403 UNIT: square meter

DESCRIPTION: Structural Steel Works QUANTITY: 8.00
Crew
Quantities Manpower Duration
Manpower No. square
( Output/Day ) ( day )
meter
Foreman 1
Steelman 4
8.00 3
Welder 4
Laborer 5

DIRECT COST
Welding Machine 4 e.d 3 233.36 2,800.32

B. Labor:
a. Foreman 1 e.d 3 530.40 1,591.20
b. Welder 4 e.d 3 441.84 5,302.08
c Steelman 4 e.d 3 441.84 5,302.08
a. Laborer 5 e.d 3 296.80 4,452.00
Unskilled Sub-Total 4,452.00
C. Materials:
a. 9mm thk. x 1.2m x 2.4m Steel Plate 2.00 sheets 16,300.00 32,600.00
b. 16mmØ x 300mm Anchor Bolts with 30.00 pcs 250.00 7,500.00
nuts and washer
c. 4in.Ø x 20ft G.I. Pipe SCH. 80 3.00 lengths 8,000.00 24,000.00
d. 1-1/4in.Ø x 20ft G.I. Pipe SCH. 80 5.00 lengths 1,900.00 9,500.00
e. 1/2in.Ø x 20ft G.I. Pipe SCH. 80 3.00 lengths 1,000.00 3,000.00

G. VAT 12.00% of ( DC + OCM +CP ) 14,061.38

Unit Cost/sq.m. 16,404.94
______________________________________________________________________________
ITEM No.: 1014 UNIT: Square Meter

DESCRIPTION: Pre-Painted Metal Sheets QUANTITY: 8.00
8.00

No.
Equipment sq.m ( Output/Day ) ( day )
Foreman 1
Tins mith 3
8.00 12.00 2
Laborer 5

DIRECT COST
Equipment Total -
B. Labor:
Foremnan 1 2 530.40 1,060.80
a. Tinsmith 3 2 441.84 2,651.04
b. laborer 5 2 296.80 2,968.00
C. Materials:
0.40 thk. x 1.0m Pre-
Painted Corrugated
G.I. Roofing Sheet (Long Span) 16.00 sq.m. 550.00 8,800.00
Blind Rivets 300.00 pcs 2.00 600.00

G. VAT 12.00% of ( DC + OCM +CP ) 2,354.09

______________________________________________________________________________
COVERED WALKWAY (SIDEWALK)
ITEM No.: 1021(c) m cu. m.

DESCRIPTION: FOOTING AND COLUMN QUANTITY: 1.00
1.00

No.
Equipment s q.m ( Output/Day ) ( day )
Foreman 1
Mason 2
1.00 2
Laborer 2

DIRECT COST
Equipment Total -
B. Labor:
a. Foreman 1 2 530.40 1,060.80
b Mason 2 2 413.2 2,121.60
c Laborer 2 2 296.80 1,187.20
C. Materials:
a. Portland Cement (40kgs) 6.00 bags 308.00 1,848.00
b. Fine Sand 1.00 cu.m. 658.00 658.00
c. Natural Gravel 1.00 cu.m. 665.00 665.00
d. Mar. Plywood (1/4"x4'x8') 2.00 pc. 365.00 730.00
e. Formworks (5pcs.-2 x 2 x10 )
Material Cost 3,901.00
E. OCM 12.00% of Direct Cost 992.47

F. Profit 10.00% of Direct Cost 827.06
G. VAT 12.00% of ( DC + OCM +CP ) 1,210.82

TOTAL MATERIAL COST = 97,304.28

TOTAL LABOR COST = 29,792.24
EQUIPMENT RENTAL = 5,893.04
TOTAL DIRECT COST = 132,989.56
TOTAL INDIRECT COST = 48,727.37
TOTAL PROJECT COST/UNIT LENGTH (2.8m.) = 181,716.93
TOTAL PROJECT COST FOR THE WHOLE LENGTH (300m.) = 181,716.93(300/2.8)

= 19,469,671.07
______________________________________________________________________________
DETAILED ESTIMATES (FOR ACROSS ROADWAY)
COVERED WALWAY (ACROSS ROADWAY)
ITEM No.: 404 UNIT: kgs.

DESCRIPTION: REINFORCING STEELBARS QUANTITY: 53.05

No. of Unit
Equipment kgs ( Output/Day ) ( day )
Bar Cutter 1 53.05 377 1
Bar Bender 1 53.05 360.0 1
Steelman 1 53.05 377.0 1
Laborer 1

DIRECT COST
a. Bar Cutter 1 e.d. 1 1,019.36 1,019.36

b. Bar Bender 1 e.d. 1 2,073.36 2,073.36
B. Labor:
a. Foreman 1 m.d. 1 530.40 530.40
b. Steelman 1 m.d. 1 441.84 441.84
c. Bar Cutter Operator 1 m.d. 1 413.20 413.20
d. Bar Bender Operator 1 m.d. 1 413.20 413.20
a. Laborer 1 m.d. 1 296.80 296.80
Unskilled Sub-Total 296.80
C. Materials:
16mm Ø x 6.0m RSB (G40) 8 pcs 360.24 2,881.92
10mm Ø x 6.0m RSB (G40) 10 pcs 140.60 1,406.00
# 16 G.I Tie Wire 12 kg 66.00 792.00
Hacksaw Blade (Class A) 10 pcs 70.00 700.00

G. VAT 12.00% of ( DC + OCM +CP ) 1,605.73

Unit Cost/kgs. 282.50
______________________________________________________________________________
ITEM No.: 403 UNIT: square meter

DESCRIPTION: Structural Steel Works QUANTITY: 27.00
Crew
Quantities Manpower Duration
Manpower No. square
( Output/Day ) ( day )
meter
Foreman 1
Steelman 4
27.00 3
Welder 4
Laborer 5

DIRECT COST
Welding Machine 4 e.d 3 233.36 2,800.32

B. Labor:
a. Foreman 1 e.d 3 530.40 1,591.20
b. Welder 4 e.d 3 441.84 5,302.08
c Steelman 4 e.d 3 441.84 5,302.08
a. Laborer 5 e.d 3 296.80 4,452.00
C. Materials:
a. 3-1/2in.Ø x 20ft G.I. Pipe SCH. 80 18.00 lengths 8,000.00 144,000.00
b. 1-1/4in.Ø x 20ft G.I. Pipe SCH. 80 21.00 lengths 1,900.00 39,900.00

G. VAT 12.00% of ( DC + OCM +CP ) 29,770.10

______________________________________________________________________________
ITEM No.: 1014 UNIT: Square Meter

DESCRIPTION: Pre-Painted Metal Sheets QUANTITY: 27.00
27.00

No.
Foreman 1
Tins mith 3
27.00 12.00 2
Laborer 5

DIRECT COST
Equipment Total -
B. Labor:
Foremnan 1 2 530.40 1,060.80
a. Tinsmith 3 2 441.84 2,651.04
b. laborer 5 2 296.80 2,968.00
C. Materials:
0.40 thk. x 1.0m Pre-
Painted Corrugated
G.I. Roofing Sheet (Long Span) 27.00 sq.m. 550.00 14,850.00
Blind Rivets 350.00 pcs 2.00 700.00

G. VAT 12.00% of ( DC + OCM +CP ) 3,254.45

______________________________________________________________________________
COVERED WALKWAY (ACROSS ROADWAY)
ITEM No.: 1021(c) m cu. m.

DESCRIPTION: FOOTING AND COLUMN QUANTITY: 1.00
1.00

No.
Foreman 1
Mason 2
1.00 2
Laborer 2

DIRECT COST
Equipment Total -
B. Labor:
a. Foreman 1 2 530.40 1,060.80
b Mason 2 2 413.2 2,121.60
c Laborer 2 2 296.80 1,187.20
C. Materials:
a. Portland Cement (40kgs) 6.00 bags 308.00 1,848.00
b. Fine Sand 1.00 cu.m. 658.00 658.00
c. Natural Gravel 1.00 cu.m. 665.00 665.00
d. Mar. Plywood (1/4"x4'x8') 2.00 pc. 365.00 730.00
e. Formworks (5pcs.-2 x 2 x10 ) 30.00 bd. Ft. 26.00 780.00
Material Cost 4,681.00

F. Profit 10.00% of Direct Cost 905.06
G. VAT 12.00% of ( DC + OCM +CP ) 1,325.01

TOTAL MATERIAL COST = 209,910.92

TOTAL LABOR COST = 29,792.24
EQUIPMENT RENTAL = 5,893.04
TOTAL DIRECT COST = 245,596.20
TOTAL INDIRECT COST = 89,986.44
TOTAL PROJECT COST/UNIT LENGTH (8m.) = 335,582.64
TOTAL PROJECT COST FOR THE WHOLE LENGTH (30m.) = 335,582.64(30/8)

= 1,258,434.90
___________________________________________________________________________________
OVERALL TOTAL PROJECT COST = 19,469,671.07 + 1,258,434.90
= 20,728,105.97

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Republic of the Philippines

SURIGAO DEL SUR STATE UNIVERSITY

PROPOSED ESTABLISHMENT OF ADDITIONAL COVERED WALKWAY

AT SURIGAO DEL SUR STATE UNIVERSITY MAIN CAMPUS

The College of Engineering Technology

SURIGAO DEL SUR STATE UNIVERSITY

Main Campus, Tandag City

of the Requirements for the Degree of

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CIVIL ENGINEERING

RHEA JOY R. BLASCO

This thesis entitled, “ESTABLISHMENT OF ADDITIONAL COVERED WALKWAY AT

hereby recommended for approval.

ENGR. RETCHE G. TUBAY

Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering.

ENGR. RETCHE G. TUBAY

DR. ALEX S. LADAGA

Rhea Joy R. Blasco

The study "ESTABLISHMENT OF ADDITIONAL COVERED WALKWAY AT

respondents of the study are former and current students.

1.1 Background of the study

1.2 Research Objective

1.3 Significance of the study

1.4 Target Beneficiaries/Clients

1.5 Scope and Delimitation

1.6 Review of Related Literature

2.1 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

2.2 Proposal Design

2.3 Proposal Environment / Locale

2.5 Source of Data

2.6.1 Gathering of Data

2.6.2 Statistical Treatments/Treatment of Data

2.8 STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS

3.1 The Necessity Factor

1.1 Background of the Study

1.2 Research Objective

1.3 Significance of the Study

1.4 Target Beneficiaries/Clients

1.5 Scope and Delimitation

1.6 Review of Related Literature

needs”, it is clear how important an implementation of a canopy or covering over a certain

have become mandatory for schools” by Nouagh Albert 2011

2.1 Research Methodology

treatment that is being employed.

2.2 Proposal Design

2.3 Proposal Environment / Locale

place and where additional covered walkways would be established.

2.5 Source of Data

2.6.1 Gathering of Data

µ= Minimum number of samples required

e= Inaccuracy ease due to intolerable sampling error (using 15%)

On November 18, 2019, we started our survey.

As we distributed the questionnaire, we also provided insights on how the additional

2.6.2 Statistical Treatments/Treatment of Data

2.8 STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS

3.1 The Necessity Factor

Table 3.1 Survey Results

Questions YES NO PERCENT

study has finally fulfilled its purpose.

buildings in the near future.

NOVEMBER 18, 2019

Instruction: Kindly check the underlined space your preferred answer.

1. What college are you in as of now?