 

e jα = cos α + j sin α , E (t ) = Re [ Es e jωt ]

 
∇ × Es = − jωμ H s
  
∇ × H s = jωε Es + J s

∇ ⋅ Ds = ρV , s

∇ ⋅ Bs = 0
 
∇ E s + β Es = 0
2 2

β 2 = ω 2 με
 
Es = ax ( Ae− j β z + Be j β z )

  − jβ z
  Ae − j β z
For Es = ax ( Ae ), H s = a y
η
μ μo
η= , in free space, η = = 120π (Ω)
ε εo

ω ω 1 1
u= = = , in free space, u = = 3 ×108 m/s
β ω με με μ oε o

u 2π
λ= =
f β

η2 − η1 2η2
Γ= , T=
η2 + η1 η2 + η1

1+ Γ E
SWR = =  max
1− Γ E
min