Magnets and Currents FURTHER QUESTIONS

1 An electromagnet is made by winding wire around 4 The diagram shows a long wire placed between the
an iron core. poles of a magnet. When current I flows through the
wire, a force acts on the wire causing it to move.
iron core

N
wire coil wire

current I

S
The diagram shows an electromagnet connected to
a circuit.
a State two ways of making the strength of the
electromagnet weaker. [2]
b Explain why the core is made of iron instead a Use Fleming’s left-hand rule to find the direction
of steel. [1] of the force on the wire. Copy the diagram and
2 A, B, C and D are small blocks of different show the direction of the force on your copy with
materials. The table below shows what happens an arrow labelled F. [1]
when two of the blocks are placed near one another. b State what happens to the force on the wire when
i the size of the current through the wire is
Arrangement of blocks Effect
increased, [1]
A B attraction
ii a weaker magnet is used, [1]
B C attraction iii the direction of the current is reversed. [1]
A C no effect c* Name one practical device which uses this effect.[1]
B D no effect 5 The diagram below shows a permanent magnet being
moved towards a coil whose ends are connected to
a magnet a magnetic material a non-magnetic material a sensitive ammeter. As the magnet approaches, the
Use one of the phrases in the above boxes to describe ammeter needle gives a small deflection to the left.
the magnetic property of each block. Each phrase A
may be used once, more than once or not at all.
a Block A is ________________
b Block B is ________________
N S
c Block C is ________________
d Block D is ________________ [4] coil
3 The figure below shows a circuit, which includes an
a State what you would expect the ammeter to
electrical relay, used to switch on a motor M.
show if, in turn,
springy contacts
i the magnet was pulled away from the coil
pivot ii the magnet was reversed so that the S pole was
M
moved towards the coil
soft iron iii the magnet was now pulled away from the
soft iron coil, at a much higher speed. [4]
coil S b* Give the name of the process which is illustrated
by these experiments. [1]

Explain, in detail, how closing switch S causes the 6 a The chemical energy stored in a fossil fuel
motor M to start. [4] produces heat energy when the fuel is burned.
Describe how this heat energy is then used to
produce electrical energy at a power station. [2]

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Magnets and Currents FURTHER QUESTIONS

b Power stations use transformers to increase the a How much electrical charge will pass through this
voltage to very high values before transmitting it ammeter in one minute? Include in your answer the
to all parts of the country. Explain why electricity equation you are going to use. Show clearly how
is transmitted at very high voltages. [1] you get to your final answer and give the unit. [3]
c A power station produces electricity at 25 000 V b i Apart from heat, what will be produced by
which is increased by a transformer to 400 000 V. the coil of wire when the electricity passes
The transformer has 2000 turns on its primary through it? [1]
coil. Use the formula ii What effect will this have on the two iron bars?
What causes the effect? Draw one or more
voltage across primary coil
_______________________ voltage across secondary coil
​      ​5 _________________________
    ​      ​
    diagrams if this will help you to explain. [4]
number of turns on primary coil number of turns on secondary coil
To answer part a, you will need information from
to calculate the number of turns on its secondary Section 8
coil. [2]
9 a When a coil rotates in a magnetic field, an
7 The diagram shows a simple transformer. alternating voltage is produced. Explain how the
core voltage is produced. [2]

230 V output y
x y y

N S N S N x S
x
primary coil (1000 turns) secondary coil (50 turns)
A B C

The transformer is a step-down transformer. b The diagrams A B and C show three positions of
a What is a step-down transformer? [1] a coil as it rotates clockwise in a magnetic field
b How can you tell from the diagram that this is a produced by two poles.
step-down transformer? [1] The graph below shows how the voltage produced
c Calculate the output voltage of this transformer. [3] changes as the coil rotates.
d Explain why transformers are used when power
needs to be transmitted over long distances. [3] voltage 2
e What is the core of a transformer usually made
of? [2]
8 The diagram shows the main parts of one type of 5
1
ammeter. There are two short iron bars inside a coil 3 time
of insulated wire. One bar is fixed and cannot move
and the other is on the end of a pivoted pointer. The
diagram shows the ammeter in use and measuring a 4
current of 1.5 amperes (A).
When the coil is in the position shown by diagram
terminal
A, the output voltage is zero and is marked as 1 on
moving iron bar the voltage–time graph. State which point on the
pivot
fixed iron bar voltage–time graph corresponds to the coil position
coil of wire
spring
shown by
pointer i diagram B, [1]
ii diagram C. [1]
0 c State one way of increasing the size of the
10
1
2 8
9 voltage produced by this coil rotating in a
3 7
4 5 6 magnetic field. [1]

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