The Proposal

The Faculty of Humanities and Science

The Requirement of Master's Degree Arts in Rural Development

Tribhuvan University,Dhankuta

Dhankuta Multiple Campus

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Introduction

Dhankuta District is one of 14 districts of Province No.1 of eastern

Nepal.The district covers an area of 891 km2 (344 sq mi) and has a
population of 163,412,according to the census of 2011. Dhankuta is the
district headquarters of Dhankuta District. There are different ethnic
groups in this district.They are Rai ,Chhetri ,Limbu and Magar. It is
situated in mid-hill district.The Vegetation of this distric is depend on
sub-troppical forest. The Demographic of this area according to the
censusof the 2011,had a population of 163,412.In it Limbu
12.4%,Bantawa 9.6%,Magar 9.3%,Tamang 5.7%, Rai
3.5%,Athpariya3.3%,Yakha 3.0%.

As my topic is related to ''SOCIO-CULTURAL OF ATHPARIYA

COMMUNITY IN DHANKUTA''whose settlement is started from
Dhankuta. Now, this community is found in many district of Nepal
i.e:Terathum,Panchthar,Bhojpur,Sankhuwasabha,Udaypur,Morang and
Sunsari. They are also known as Athpariya, Athpre,Arthare,Arthare-
Khesang or Jamindar. According to the census 2011, the total
population is 5977 only in 125 all castes in Nepal.

The Athpare Rai are a part of cluster all speaks various dialects from
which most of these groups take their names.Although,their facial
features are clearly Mongoloid ,the Athpare claim no relation to the
Mongolian race. Instead,they believe that they are descendants of the
goddesses Marema,Mahedeva and Nina,(daughter of the earth).The
majorioty of Apthare Rai community follows Hinduism,Buddhism and
some are animal worshippers as well. They also worship Buddhism for
way of life and obey teaching s of the LamasThis community is divided
in six sub-castes.They are
Payesang,Mangbung,Khabaduk,Homebarak,Chera and Fokim.

The Athpare Rai are primarily rice farmers but the concepts are
changing now.They are also moving to cities or aborad for work.

Collectively ,the RAI are known as courageous ,daring and fearless

people.In recentthey have won worldwide reputation for their bravery
as ''Gurkhas''in the Royal Nepalese Army.So, mostly they are joining in
Nepal Police, Armed Police Force and Nepal Army.

I am interested in this topic because I am related to this community.We

are very much cultured as we never commit problems for
others.According to different views ,we are mention to be a children of
NAGAS due to presence of grave there,we are mention as LIMBUS,we
are mention as MONGOLIANS by saying we belongs to SUNGI and
BHUNGI origin. We mostly follow Hinduism,Buddhism and
Christianity.As others,we also have our own tradition,rites and rituals in
birth,marriage and death.Many communities are living in Nepal but this
community is very much backward in every sector of human
development. I want to use this project for the betterment and uplifting
of this community.

Statement of problem

The SOCIO-CULTURAL OF APTHARE RAI,focuses om their tradition,rites

and rituals.In every community there is different while performing their
rituals but in my community there are different methods to perform our
rituals while performing every ceremony. The marriage ceremony
rituals starts from maternal uncle house.They visit to sisters house and
the conversation goes on.If they agree then they perform their rituals
and some of the important things like pig,alochol,clothes and
ornaments are demand by bride's family,if they agreed then before
marriage in particular date they provide all these things to brides
family.There are diferent types of marriage like Jari marriage,Arrange
marriage and Love mariage.The birth rituals is very much different from
others.As there rituals if baby is born then an infant is kept in dhungro
and infants are tied in Khiraar or in such plants whic can produce a
milky substsncesw and then infant goes through bathing process but
now a days,such tradition are not performed well due to different types
of dissease and in many cases mother gives birth to a child in hospital
so, such tradition are not prevelent much now a days.They perform
death rituals by keeping coin in forehead,by putting in tomb,childrens
are allowed to eat everything but black pulses,fish and meat are
forbidden to eat and to be a sacred some of the days are decleared like
tuesday and saturday.This research address some questions.They are as
follows:

1.Why a marriage proposal goes through Maternal uncle?

2.How can a bride family demand for stuffs in marriage?

3.Why they perform such rituals with infant?

4.Why food items and days are forbidden and mentioned?

Objectives of research
The analysis of ''SOCIO-CULTURAL OF ATHPARE RAI''makes us
to know abouth their tradition,rites and rituals.In past,how they
were performing their rituals and how they are performing
now.The changes occured or it was need of time.If we go
through this then we will know a lot about Athpare Rai
community.Our government should keep up their work towards
those community,which are going to be extinct.Many plan and
policies should be applied to preserve them and their culture.In
this research,reader will know about
origin,religion,tradition,life-style,language and places of
Athpare Rai community.
Rationale of Research
The fundamental reason for this proposal is that our community
is very backward.The U.N had decleared about our rights and
preservence to government but also government is not serious
about it.In our society the view of watching towards my
community is very negative.We are suppresed by another castes
people.We are very much backward in every sector of
development like education,occupation,awareness and so
on.We trust now also in old tradition and follow them.
As how the world and system is
changing but we are not able to change or adopt it,due to
discrimination of castes and class.Our population is few in the
comparision of others.We dont have support and we are lacking
unity in our community also.Our society is not leting us to
upgrade and reach us for further development.We want change
and improvement but we dont have support to uplift ourselves.
I want to express a message from this research is
that we are also a Nepalese.As others community,we also have
rights to move on for our development .We need support from
our government in every sector to develop us and our lifestyle.
Our sociey dominates some communities which are backward
in their own development.We also have pioneer tradition and
rituals in our country.
Hypothesis
The Athpare Rai communities settlement is based in eastern
region of Nepal.According to different views,their origin is not
clear yet.They are declear as Naga's ,Limbus or Mongolian.Their
whole population according to census is about five thousand
only.They are mostly found in Dhankuta.The saying is there was
a prophesy of a god and they were command to make their
settlement their so,they can have a comfortable life.
 The stuffs they use to perform their rituals like
cock,pigeon,pig,bamboo,alcohol made of
buckwheat,tongwa,chindo,lacho,ginger,aachyata,dried fish and
so on.Their society and their culture is unique.Their rituals in
birth,marriage and death is different.In the past,infant was tied
and should go through bathing process.In marriage maternal
uncles come with proposal and in death coin is kept over
forhead and some of the things are forbidden to eat,in
particular date only go through holy process.They worship to
nature.
They have their own way to worship their
god and goddess.They have three major festivals in whole year
but some of them started to celebrate hindus festivals also.
Literature Review
Dhankuta District is one of 14 districts of Province No.1 of eastern
Nepal.The district covers an area of 891 km2 (344 sq mi) and has a
population of 163,412,according to the census of 2011. Dhankuta is the
district headquarters of Dhankuta District. There are different ethnic
groups in this district.They are Rai ,Chhetri ,Limbu and Magar. It is
situated in mid-hill district.The Vegetation of this distric is depend on
sub-troppical forest. The Demographic of this area according to the
censusof the 2011,had a population of 163,412.In it Limbu
12.4%,Bantawa 9.6%,Magar 9.3%,Tamang 5.7%, Rai
3.5%,Athpariya3.3%,Yakha 3.0%.

As my topic is related to ''SOCIO-CULTURAL OF ATHPARIYA

COMMUNITY IN DHANKUTA''whose settlement is started from
Dhankuta. Now, this community is found in many district of Nepal
i.e:Terathum,Panchthar,Bhojpur,Sankhuwasabha,Udaypur,Morang and
Sunsari. They are also known as Athpariya, Athpre,Arthare,Arthare-
Khesang or Jamindar. According to the census 2011, the total
population is 5977 only in 125 all castes in Nepal.

The Athpare Rai are a part of cluster all speaks various dialects from
which most of these groups take their names.Although,their facial
features are clearly Mongoloid ,the Athpare claim no relation to the
Mongolian race. Instead,they believe that they are descendants of the
goddesses Marema,Mahedeva and Nina,(daughter of the earth).The
majorioty of Apthare Rai community follows Hinduism,Buddhism and
some are animal worshippers as well. They also worship Buddhism for
way of life and obey teaching s of the LamasThis community is divided
in six sub-castes.They are
Payesang,Mangbung,Khabaduk,Homebarak,Chera and Fokim.

The Athpare Rai are primarily rice farmers but the concepts are
changing now.They are also moving to cities or aborad for work.

Collectively ,the RAI are known as courageous ,daring and fearless

people.In recentthey have won worldwide reputation for their bravery
as ''Gurkhas''in the Royal Nepalese Army.So, mostly they are joining in
Nepal Police, Armed Police Force and Nepal Army.

I am interested in this topic because I am related to this community.We

are very much cultured as we never commit problems for
others.According to different views ,we are mention to be a children of
NAGAS due to presence of grave there,we are mention as LIMBUS,we
are mention as MONGOLIANS by saying we belongs to SUNGI and
BHUNGI origin. We mostly follow Hinduism,Buddhism and
Christianity.As others,we also have our own tradition,rites and rituals in
birth,marriage and death.Many communities are living in Nepal but this
community is very much backward in every sector of human
development. I want to use this project for the betterment and uplifting
of this community.

Methodology
This research is based on qualitative research.The research goes
through the difference case studies from which the conclusion
is drawn.I had collected data by visiting personally in such areas
where Athpare communities are living.I will present my data
which is collected from primary and secondary sources.
A.Primary sources:
I asked many peoples by visiting in Dhankuta and some of the
warda where they are living. .They said that tradition of our
community was very strict before ,but now we are getting
change due to modernization of concept and development of
over all.
B.Secondary sources:
While collecting data I went through many sites,books,news
paper and from social media like youtube and so on.
Delimitation
This research is based on qualitative research.The research goes
through the difference case studies
from which it was easy to draw a conclusion.The results are
limits by the case study of sample size.The study of
The research have following objectives:
A. It identifies about societty and culture of Athpare
community.
2.It reflects about their tradition,rites and rituals.
3.It expresses how their tradition were and how it is now.
Chapter Division
S.N Chapter division days
1. Colletion books 10
2. Reading Material 6
3. Evalutation and writing 7
4. Review,typing and proof reading 10
5. Binding and submission 7
Citation
Baral and Basnet,Thakur Nilbahadur,Dhankuta,Dastabayj
Chemjong,Imansingh,History and Culture of Kirat people,part-2
Rai,Tankabahadur,Kirat Bhumi and Kirat Jangiban,2053
Rai,Dik Bahadur,Athpare Rai,Sodhpatra Granth
Gorkhapatra,2063
Kandangwa,Kajiman,Daily activities of Athpare Rai
community,Raj kiya Pragya Pratisthan,2050