2.2, 2.

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1. [1 mark]

The graph shows the variation with time t of the force F acting on an object of mass 15 000 kg.

The object is at rest at t = 0.

What is the speed of the object when t = 30 s?

A.     0.18 m s–1

B.     6 m s–1

C.     12 m s–1

D.     180 m s–1

Markscheme
B

2. [1 mark]

A ball of mass m is thrown with an initial speed of u at an angle θ to the horizontal as shown. Q is the
highest point of the motion. Air resistance is negligible.

1
                         

What is the momentum of the ball at Q?

A.     zero

B.     mu cosθ

C.     mu

D.     mu sinθ

Markscheme
B

3. [1 mark]

A weight W is tied to a trolley of mass M by a light string passing over a frictionless pulley. The trolley
has an acceleration a on a frictionless table. The acceleration due to gravity is g.

                  

What is W ?

2
 A.    

B.    

C.    

D.     

Markscheme
A

4. [1 mark]

A parachutist of total mass 70 kg is falling vertically through the air at a constant speed of 8 m s –1.

What is the total upward force acting on the parachutist?

A.    0 N

B.     70 N

C.     560 N

D.     700 N

Markscheme
D

5. [1 mark]

A ball of mass m collides with a vertical wall with an initial horizontal speed u and rebounds with
a horizontal speed v. The graph shows the variation of the speed of the ball with time.

3
                            

What is the magnitude of the mean net force on the ball during the collision?

A.     

B.     

C.     

D.     

Markscheme
D

6. [1 mark]

The diagram shows the forces acting on a block resting on an inclined plane. The angle θ is adjusted
until the block is just at the point of sliding. R is the normal reaction, W the weight of the block and F the
maximum frictional force.

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 What is the maximum coefficient of static friction between the block and the plane?

A. sin θ

B. cos θ

C. tan θ

D.

Markscheme
C

7. [1 mark]

A moving system undergoes an explosion. What is correct for the momentum of the system and the
kinetic energy of the system when they are compared immediately before and after the explosion?

5
 Markscheme
A

8. [1 mark]

A sunbather is supported in water by a floating sun bed. Which diagram represents the magnitudes of
the forces acting on the sun bed?

Markscheme
D

9. [1 mark]

A toy car of mass 0.15 kg accelerates from a speed of 10 cm s –1 to a speed of 15 cm s–1. What is the
impulse acting on the car?

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 A. 7.5 mN s

B. 37.5 mN s

C. 0.75 N s

D. 3.75 N s

Markscheme
A

10. [1 mark]

Two boxes in contact are pushed along a floor with a force F. The boxes move at a constant speed. Box X
has a mass m and box Y has a mass 2m.

What is the resultant force acting on Y?

A.  0

B.  
C.  F
D.  2F

Markscheme
A

11. [1 mark]

An elevator (lift) and its load have a total mass of 750 kg and accelerate vertically downwards at 2.0 m
s–2.

7
 What is the tension in the elevator cable?

A.  1.5 kN
B.  6.0 kN
C.  7.5 kN
D.  9.0 kN

Markscheme
B

12. [1 mark]

An inelastic collision occurs between two bodies in the absence of external forces.

What must be true about the total momentum of the two bodies and the total kinetic energy of the two
bodies during this interaction?

A.  Only momentum is conserved.

B.  Only kinetic energy is conserved.
C.  Both momentum and kinetic energy are conserved.
D.  Neither momentum nor kinetic energy are conserved.

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 Markscheme
A

13. [1 mark]

A net force acts on a body. Which characteristic of the body will definitely change?

A.  Speed

B.  Momentum

C.  Kinetic energy

D.  Direction of motion

Markscheme
B

14. [1 mark]

A ball of mass 0.2 kg strikes a force sensor and sticks to it. Just before impact the ball is
travelling horizontally at a speed of 4.0 m s–1. The graph shows the variation with time t of the force
F recorded by the sensor.

What is Fmax?

A.  2 N

B.  4 N

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 C.  20 N

D.  40 N

Markscheme
D

15. [1 mark]

A cyclist accelerates in a straight line. At one instant, when the cyclist is exerting a forward force of 40
N, the air resistance acting on the cyclist is 10 N.

What is the rate of change of momentum of the cyclist at this instant?

A. 10 kg m s–2

B. 30 kg m s–2

C. 40 kg m s–2

D. 50 kg m s–2

Markscheme
B

16. [1 mark]

A block of weight W is suspended by two strings of equal length. The strings are almost horizontal.

What is correct about the tension T in one string?

A.  

B.  

C.  

10
 D.  

Markscheme
D

17. [1 mark]

A block of mass 1.0 kg rests on a trolley of mass 4.0 kg. The coefficient of dynamic friction between the
block and the trolley is 0.30.

A horizontal force F = 5.0 N acts on the block. The block slides over the trolley. What is the acceleration
of the trolley?

A. 5.0 m s–2

B. 1.0 m s–2

C. 0.75 m s–2

D. 0.60 m s–2

Markscheme
C

18a. [2 marks]

A glider is an aircraft with no engine. To be launched, a glider is uniformly accelerated from rest by a
cable pulled by a motor that exerts a horizontal force on the glider throughout the launch.

11
 The glider reaches its launch speed of 27.0 m s –1 after accelerating for 11.0 s. Assume that the glider
moves horizontally until it leaves the ground. Calculate the total distance travelled by the glider before
it leaves the ground.

Markscheme
correct use of kinematic equation/equations

148.5 or 149 or 150 «m»

Substitution(s) must be correct.

18b. [3 marks]

The glider and pilot have a total mass of 492 kg. During the acceleration the glider is subject to an
average resistive force of 160 N. Determine the average tension in the cable as the glider accelerates.

12
 Markscheme

a =  or 2.45 «m s–2»

F – 160 = 492 × 2.45

1370 «N»

Could be seen in part (a).

Award [0] for solution that uses a = 9.81 m s–2

18c. [3 marks]

The cable is pulled by an electric motor. The motor has an overall efficiency of 23 %. Determine the
average power input to the motor.

Markscheme
ALTERNATIVE 1

«work done to launch glider» = 1370 x 149 «= 204 kJ»

13
 «work done by motor» 

«power input to motor»  or 80.4 or 81 k«W»

ALTERNATIVE 2

use of average speed 13.5 m s–1

«useful power output» =  force x average speed «= 1370 x 13.5»

power input = « » 80 or 80.4 or 81 k«W»

ALTERNATIVE 3

work required from motor = KE + work done against friction « »

= 204 «kJ»

«energy input»

power input   k«W»

Award [2 max] for an answer of 160 k«W».

18d. [2 marks]

The cable is wound onto a cylinder of diameter 1.2 m. Calculate the angular velocity of the cylinder at
the instant when the glider has a speed of 27 m s–1. Include an appropriate unit for your answer.

14
 Markscheme

« » 

rad s–1

Do not accept Hz.

Award [1 max] if unit is missing.

18e. [2 marks]

After takeoff the cable is released and the unpowered glider moves horizontally at constant speed. The
wings of the glider provide a lift force. The diagram shows the lift force acting on the glider and the
direction of motion of the glider.

15
 Draw the forces acting on the glider to complete the free-body diagram. The dotted lines show the
horizontal and vertical directions.

Markscheme

drag correctly labelled and in correct direction

weight correctly labelled and in correct direction AND no other incorrect force shown

Award [1 max] if forces do not touch the dot, but are otherwise OK.

18f. [2 marks]

16
 Explain, using appropriate laws of motion, how the forces acting on the glider maintain it in level flight.

Markscheme
name Newton's first law

vertical/all forces are in equilibrium/balanced/add to zero

OR
vertical component of lift mentioned

as equal to weight

18g. [3 marks]

At a particular instant in the flight the glider is losing 1.00 m of vertical height for every 6.00 m that it
goes forward horizontally. At this instant, the horizontal speed of the glider is 12.5 m s–1. Calculate the
velocity of the glider. Give your answer to an appropriate number of significant figures.

17
 Markscheme
any speed and any direction quoted together as the answer

quotes their answer(s) to 3 significant figures

speed = 12.7 m s–1 or direction = 9.46º or 0.165 rad «below the horizontal» or gradient of 

19. [1 mark]

Two objects m1 and m2 approach each other along a straight line with speeds v1 and v2 as shown. The
objects collide and stick together.

What is the total change of linear momentum of the objects as a result of the collision? 

A. m1v1 + m2v2
B. m1v1 – m2v2 
C. m2v2 – m1v1 
D. zero

Markscheme
D

20. [1 mark]

An object of mass m rests on a horizontal plane. The angle θ that the plane makes with the horizontal is
slowly increased from zero. When θ=θ0, the object begins to slide. What are the coefficient of static
friction μs and the normal reaction force N of the plane at θ=θ0?

18
  

Markscheme
D

21. [1 mark]

A ball with mass m moves horizontally with speed u. The ball hits a vertical wall and rebounds in the
opposite direction with speed v<u. The duration of the collision is T. What are the magnitude of the
average force exerted by the wall on the ball and the loss of kinetic energy of the ball?

19
 Markscheme
A

22. [1 mark]

Which statement applies to an object in translational equilibrium?

A. The object must be stationary.

B. The object must be moving with constant acceleration.

C. The resultant force acting on the object must be zero.

D. There must be no external forces acting on the object.

Markscheme
C

23. [1 mark]

A constant horizontal force F is applied to a block Y. Block Y is in contact with a separate block X.

20
 The blocks remain in contact as they accelerate along a horizontal frictionless surface. Y has a greater
mass than X. Air resistance is negligible.

Which statement is correct?

A. The force F is equal to the product of the mass of Y and the acceleration of Y.

B. The force that Y exerts on X is less than F.

C. The force that Y exerts on X is less than the force that X exerts on Y.

D. The force that Y exerts on X is equal to F.

Markscheme
B

24. [1 mark]

Two identical spheres, each of mass m and speed v, travel towards each other on a frictionless surface
in a vacuum.

The spheres undergo a head-on elastic collision.

21
 Which statement correctly describes the spheres after the collision?

A. The total momentum of the spheres is 2mv.

B. Each sphere has zero momentum.

C. The total kinetic energy of the spheres is mv2.

D. Each sphere has zero kinetic energy.

Markscheme
C

25. [1 mark]

A student of mass m is in an elevator which is accelerating downwards at an acceleration a.

What is the reading on the force meter?

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 A. mg

B. mg − ma

C. mg + ma

D. ma − mg

Markscheme
B

26a. [1 mark]

This question is about the forces on a skier.

A skier is pulled up a hill by a rope at a steady velocity. The hill makes an angle of 12° with the
horizontal. The mass of the skier and skis is 73 kg. The diagram below shows three of the forces acting
on the skier.

On the diagram, draw and label one other force acting on the skier.

Markscheme
arrow vertically downwards labelled weight/W/mg/gravitational force/F g/Fgravitational/force of gravity;
(judge by eye)

Do not allow "gravity".

26b. [2 marks]

Calculate the magnitude of the normal reaction acting on the skier.

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 Markscheme
(N=) mgcosθ / correct substitution;

(=73×9.81×cos12º =)700N;

26c. [2 marks]

The total frictional force acting is 65 N. Determine the tension in the rope.

Markscheme
tension = frictional force + component of weight parallel to slope /
tension = 65 + mgsinθ;
214/210 N;

26d. [2 marks]

Explain, using Newton’s first law of motion, why the resultant force on the skier must be zero.

Markscheme
24
 (Newton’s first law states that a body remains at rest or moves with) constant velocity/steady
speed/uniform motion unless external/net/resultant/unbalanced force acts on it;

clear link that in this case there is constant/steady velocity so no resultant force;

27a. [3 marks]

This question is about the motion of a bicycle.

A cyclist is moving up a slope that is at an angle of 19° to the horizontal. The mass of the cyclist and the
bicycle is 85 kg.

Calculate the

(i) component of the weight of the cyclist and bicycle parallel to the slope.

(ii) normal reaction force on the bicycle from the slope.

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 Markscheme
(i) (weight) = 85 × 9.81(=834N); (if 850 (N) seen, award this mark)
component =(834×sin19=)271 (N);
Allow use of g=10ms–2. Answer is 277 (N).

(ii) component=(834×cos19=) 788 (N);

Allow use of g=10ms –2. Answer is 804 (N).
Allow a bald correct answer.
Do not award ECF if cos used in (a)(i) and sin used in (a)(ii).

27b. [4 marks]

At the bottom of the slope the cyclist has a speed of 5.5ms–1. The cyclist stops pedalling and applies the
brakes which provide an additional decelerating force of 250 N. Determine the distance taken for the
cyclist to stop. Assume air resistance is negligible and that there are no other frictional forces.

Markscheme
total decelerating force =271+250(=521N);

acceleration ;

;
2.47 (m);} (signs must be consistent for this mark, ie: if acceleration assumed positive, look for negative
distance)
Allow use of g=10. Answers are 527 N, 6.2ms–2, 2.44 m.

or

26
 total decelerating force =271+250(=521N) ;

initial kinetic energy

2.47 (m);

28. [1 mark]

Which of the following is a condition for an object to be in translational equilibrium?

A. The object must be moving at constant speed.

B. The velocity of the object in any direction must be zero.

C. The forces acting horizontally on the object must equal the forces acting vertically on the object.

D. The resultant force acting on the object must be zero.

Markscheme
D

29. [1 mark]

No external forces act on a given system during an inelastic collision. For this system, which is correct
about the conservation of kinetic energy and the conservation of linear momentum?

Markscheme

27
 D

30. [1 mark]

The resultant force acting on an object of mass 5.0kg varies with time as shown. The object is initially at
rest.

What is the speed of the object after 1.0 s?

A. 0.50ms–1

B. 1.0ms–1

C. 1.5ms–1

D. 2.0ms–1

Markscheme
C

31. [1 mark]

A constant force of 12 N is applied for 3.0 s to a body initially at rest. The final velocity of the body is
6.0m s–1. What is the mass of the body?

28
 A. 1.5 kg
B. 6.0 kg
C. 24 kg
D. 36 kg

Markscheme
B

32. [1 mark]

A cart of mass 4.0 kg is being pulled with a force of 24 N. The cart accelerates at 3.0m s –2. What is the
net force on the cart?

A. 6.0 N
B. 8.0 N
C. 12 N
D. 24 N

Markscheme
C

33. [1 mark]

In the collision between two bodies, Newton’s third law

A. only applies if momentum is conserved in the collision.

B. only applies if energy is conserved in the collision.
C. only applies if both momentum and energy are conserved in the collision.
D. always applies.

Markscheme
D

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