Acid Reactions Notes

3 Different Reaction Types:

1. Acid + base.
Produce: a salt + water
2. Acid + metal
Produce: a salt + hydrogen gas
3. Acid + carbonate.
Produce: a salt + water + carbon dioxide

Acid & Metal Reactions:

- Acids can corrode metals
- Results in the formation of a salt and hydrogen gas
- The metal is the first word in the salt, and second word depends on acid used in the
reactants
- E.g.
Hydrochloric acid (acid) + magnesium (metal) → magnesium chloride (salt) + hydrogen gas
2 HCI + Mg → MgCI2 + H2

Sulfuric acid (acid) + iron (metal) → iron (III) sulfate (salt) + hydrogen gas
H2SO4 + Fe → FeSO4 + H2

Acids SALT
Nitric acid → NITRATE
Hydrochloric acid → CHLORIDE
Sulfuric acid → SULFATE

Acid & Base Reactions (Neutralisation):

- Acids and bases neutralise each other when mixed
- Neutralisation reactions take place in the form: acid + base → a salt +
water
- E.g.
- Nitric acid (acid) + potassium oxide (base) → Potassium nitrate (salt) + water
- Sulfuric acid (acid) + sodium hydroxide (base) → Sodium sulfate (salt) + water
- Acid & Carbonate Reactions:
- Always produces a salt, water and carbon dioxide gas
- Acid + carbonate → a salt + water + carbon dioxide
- Carbon dioxides is also produced when acids react w/ hydrogen
carbonates
- E.g.
- Hydrochloric acid (acid) + calcium carbonate (carbonate) → Calcium chloride (salt) + water +
carbon dioxide

Chemical Digestion:
- Enzymes in saliva help digest starch
- Enzymes in your stomach help digest protein
- Enzymes in duodenum (first part of small intestines) help digest fat and
any remaining carbohydrates and protein
- Enzymes only active if the environment is suitable

- Reaction taken place in duodenum:

Hydrochloric acid (acid) + sodium hydrogen carbonate (carbonate) → sodium chloride (salt)
+ water + carbon dioxide

- Heartburn: Caused when hydrochloric acid rises from your stomach into
your oesophagus
- Antacids: tablets or liquid medication that you take to relieve heartburn