MANILA: Room 206, JPD Building, CM Recto Avenue, Manila

CEBU: 4/F J. Martinez Bldg., Osmeña Blvd., Cebu City

Telephone Number: (02) 516 7559 (Manila) E-Mail: buksmarquez1 @yahoo.com
(032) 254-9967 (Cebu)

Review MODULE – RCD Beams: Working Stress Design & Serviceability Requirements
429.4 PERMISSIBLE SERVICE LOAD STRESSES 424.2.3 CALCULATION OF IMMEDIATE DEFLECTIONS
429.4.1 Stresses in concrete shall not exceed: 424.2.3.1 Immediate deflections shall be calculated using methods or formulas
Flexure 𝟎. 𝟒𝟓 𝒇′𝒄 for elastic deformations, considering effects of cracking and reinforcement on
member stiffness.
429.4.2 Tensile stress in reinforcement 𝑓𝑠 shall not exceed
424.2.3.2 Effect of variation of cross-sectional properties, such as haunches,
For Flexural reinforcement 𝟎. 𝟓𝟎 𝒇𝒚
shall be considered when calculating deflections.
429.6 FLEXURE 424.2.3.3 Deflections in two-way slab system shall be calculated taking into
For investigation of stresses at service loads, straight-line theory (for flexure) account size and shape of the panel, conditions of support, and nature of
shall be used with the following assumptions. restraints at the panel edges.
424.2.3.4 Modulus of elasticity, Ec, shall be permitted to be calculated in
429.6.1 Strains vary linearly as the distance from the neutral axis, except for deep
accordance with section 419.2.2.
flexural members with overall depth-span ratios greater than 2/5 for continuous
spans and 4/5 for simple spans, a nonlinear distribution of strain shall be 424.2.3.5 For non-prestressed members, effective moment of inertia, Ie, shall be
considered. calculated by Eq. 424.2.3.5a (show below) unless obtained by a more
comprehensive analysis, but Ie shall not be greater than Ig.
429.6.2 Stress-strain relationship of concrete is a straight line under service loads
within permissible service load stresses. 𝑀𝑐𝑟 3 𝑀𝑐𝑟 3
𝐼𝑐𝑟 ≤ 𝐼𝑒 = ( ) 𝐼𝑔 + [1 − ( ) ] 𝐼𝑐𝑟 ≤ 𝐼𝑔 (424.2.3.5a)
𝑀𝑎 𝑀𝑎
429.6.3 In reinforced concrete members, concrete resists no tension. where:
𝐼𝑐𝑟 = Moment of inertia of cracked section transformed to concrete.
429.6.4 It shall be permitted to take the modular ratio 𝑛 = 𝐸𝑠 /𝐸𝑐 , as the nearest 𝐼𝑒 = Effective moment of inertia for computation of deflection.
whole number (but NOT less than 6). Except for calculations for deflections, value 𝐼𝑔 = Moment of inertia of gross concrete section about the centroidal axis,
of n for lightweight concrete shall be assumed to be the same as for normal neglecting reinforcement.
weight concrete of the same strength. 𝑀𝑐𝑟 = Cracking moment.
𝑀𝑎 = Maximum moment in member at stage deflection is computed.
429.6.5 In doubly reinforced flexural members, an effective modular ratio of
2𝐸𝑠 /𝐸𝑐 shall be used to transform compression reinforcement for stress Cracking Moment, Mcr, is calculated by:
computations. Compressive stress in such reinforcement shall NOT exceed
permissible tensile stress. 𝑓𝑟 𝐼𝑔
𝑀𝑐𝑟 = (424.2.3.5b)
419.2.2 MODULUS OF ELASTICITY 𝑦𝑡
419.2.2.1 Modulus of elasticity 𝐸𝑐 for concrete shall be permitted to be taken as where:
𝑤𝑐1.5 0.043√𝑓𝑐′ (𝑖𝑛 𝑀𝑃𝑎) 𝑦𝑡 = Distance from centroidal axis of gross section, neglecting reinforcement.
for values of 𝑤𝑐 between 1,440 and 2,560 kg/m³. 424.2.3.6 For continuous one-way slabs and beams, Ie shall be permitted to be
taken as the average of values obtained from Eq. 424.2.3.5a for the critical
For normal weight concrete, 𝐸𝑐 shall be permitted to be taken as positive and negative moment sections.
4700√𝑓𝑐′ .
424.2.3.7 For prismatic one-way slabs and beams, Ie shall be permitted to be
419.2.3 MODULUS OF RUPTURE OF CONCRETE, 𝒇𝒓 taken as the value obtained from Eq. 424.2.3.5a at mid-span for simple and
419.2.3.1 Modulus of rupture, fr, for concrete shall be calculated by: continuous spans, and at the support for cantilevers.

𝑓𝑟 = 0.62𝜆√𝑓𝑐′ (419.2.3.1)
424.2.4 CALCULATION OF TIME-DEPENDENT
where the value of λ is in accordance with Section 419.2.4 (Lightweight Concrete) DEFLECTIONS
424.2.4.1.1 Unless values from a more comprehensive analysis, additional time-
419.2.4 Lightweight Concrete dependent deflection resulting from creep and shrinkage of flexural members
419.2.4.1 To account for the properties of lightweight concrete, a modification shall be calculated as the product of the immediate deflection caused by the
factor λ is used as a multiplier of √𝑓𝑐′ in all applicable provisions of this Code. sustained load and the factor λΔ.
𝜉
419.2.4.2 The value of λ shall be based on the composition of the aggregate in 𝜆∆ = (424.2.4.1.1)
the concrete mixture in accordance with Table 419.2.4.2 or as permitted in 1 + 50𝜌′
Section 419.2.4.3. where:
Table 419.2.4.2 𝜉 = Time-dependent factor for sustained load
Modification Factor 𝜆∆ = Multiplier used for additional deflection due to long-term effects
Concrete λ
All-lightweight 0.75 424.2.4.1.2 In the equation above, 𝜌′ shall be calculated at mid-span for simple
Lightweight, fine blend 0.75 to 0.85 and continuous spans, and at the support for cantilevers.
Sand-lightweight 0.85 𝐴′𝑠
Sand-lightweight, coarse blend 0.85 to 1.00 𝜌′ = at midspan for simple and continuous span
𝑏𝑑
Normal-weight 1.00
𝐴𝑠
𝜌′ = for cantilever
419.2.4.3 If the measured average splitting tensile strength of lightweight 𝑏𝑑
concrete, fct, is used to calculate λ, laboratory test shall be conducted in 424.2.4.1.3 In the equation above, values of the time dependent factor for
accordance with ASTM C330M to establish the value of fct and the corresponding sustained load, ξ, shall be in accordance with Table 424.2.4.1.3 (shown below).
value of fcm and λ shall be calculated by:
𝑓𝑐𝑡 Table 424.2.4.1.3
𝜆= ≤ 1.0 (419.2.4.3) Time-Dependent Factor for Sustained Loads
0.56√𝑓𝑐𝑚 Sustained Load Duration Time-Dependent factor, ξ
The concrete mixture tested in order to calculate λ shall be representative of that 3 months 1.0
to be used in the Work. 6 months 1.2
where: 12 months (1 year) 1.4
𝑓𝑐𝑚 = measured average compressive strength of concrete, MPa. 60 or more months (5 years) 2.0
 MANILA: Room 206, JPD Building, CM Recto Avenue, Manila
CEBU: 4/F J. Martinez Bldg., Osmeña Blvd., Cebu City
Telephone Number: (02) 516 7559 (Manila) E-Mail: buksmarquez1 @yahoo.com
(032) 254-9967 (Cebu)

Review MODULE – RCD Beams: Working Stress Design & Serviceability Requirements
Table 424.2.2
Maximum Permissible Calculated Deflections
Deflection
Member Condition Deflection to be Considered
Limitation
Flat roofs Immediate deflection due to maximum of Lr, S, and R l / 180
Not supporting or attached to nonstructural elements likely to
Floors be damaged by large deflections Immediate deflection due to L l / 360
Likely to be damaged by That part of the total deflection occurring after attachment of
large deflections
l / 480
Roof or Supporting or attached to nonstructural elements, which is the sum of the time-dependent
Floors non-structural elements Not likely to be damaged deflection due to all sustained loads and the immediate deflection
by large deflections due to any additional live load
l / 240

SITUATION𝜉1:= Time-dependent factor for sustained load. SITUATION 5:

A reinforced𝜆concrete beam
= Multiplier for 6m in length
additional and 300mm
long-time x 550mm in cross
deflection. Precast joists with typical section as shown are cast using a concrete
section is reinforced with 4 – 32mm Ø supports an axle load of 50kN and strength, fc’ = 27.5MPa. The resulting tensile strength, ft = 2.75 MPa. The
80kN on a wheel base of 3m. joists are to be simply supported on a span of 6m. Unit weight of concrete
Using steel cover of 75mm, fc’ = 28MPa, fs = 138MPa. Let fc = 0.45f’c = 23.5KN/m3
A. Determine the moment capacity of the beam.
Given data:
B. Determine the mode of design. a=200mm c=150mm
b=500mm d=200mm
C. Check the adequacy of the beam.

SITUATION 2:
T beam section with data listed below:
Width of flange = 600 mm, Thickness of flange = 80 mm
Width of web = 300 mm, Effective depth = 500 mm

It is reinforced with 3-32 mmØ bars in tension and it is carrying a 100 kN-
m positive moment. Use n = 9

A. Determine location of the neutral axis from the top.

B. Determine the cracked moment of inertia of the section, in 106 mm4.

C. Find the total compressive force in the concrete.

SITUATION 3:
Given a propped beam with b = 280mm and h = 450mm. The beam has
a length of 7m. The beam is reinforced with 3 – 28mm at the tension side
and 2 – 25mm at the compression side. Using a steel cover of 70mm. fc’
= 21MPa, fy = 276MPa. Use 24kN/m3 as unit weight of concrete.
Super Imposed Deadload = 10kN/m, Live load = 13kN/m
Using Alternate Design method:
A. Determine the distance of the outermost compression fiber from the
neutral axis.
A. Find the cracking moment, in kN-m.
B. Determine the transformed moment of inertia with respect to the
neutral axis. B. How much uniform load can the joist safely carry (not including its own
weight) if the cracking moment in the beam is 40 kN-m.
C. Determine the actual stress of concrete.
C. If the joists are reinforced with 3-25 mm ø bars with their centroid
D. Determine the actual stress of tension steel. located at 435mm from the top determine the cracking moment (kN-m)
use modular ratio, n = 8.
E. Determine the actual stress of compression steel.
SITUATION 6:
SITUATION 4: A 300mm x 600mm reinforced with 3 – 25 mm steel bars with steel cover
A reinforced concrete beam with rectangular cross section of 250 by 450 of 70mm, carries a superimposed varying deadload of 8 kN/m at the fixed
mm has f’c = 21 MPa, and fy = 276 MPa. Applied loads are: Uniform load end and 0 at the free end. A concentrated live load of 30kN acting at the
of 10 kN/m (including self-weight) and a concentrated load of 12 kN at tip of the 2 m cantilever beam. Using f’c = 28 MPa, fy= 414 MPa. Unit
the middle of the simple span of length 3 m. Assuming the concrete is weight of concrete = 24 kN/m3.
uncracked, A. Determine the cracked moment of inertia.
A. Find the flexural stress of the beam
B. Determine the effective moment of inertia.
B. Find the modulus of rupture.
C. Determine the deflection of the beam.
C. Find the cracking moment
 MANILA: Room 206, JPD Building, CM Recto Avenue, Manila
CEBU: 4/F J. Martinez Bldg., Osmeña Blvd., Cebu City
Telephone Number: (02) 516 7559 (Manila) E-Mail: buksmarquez1 @yahoo.com
(032) 254-9967 (Cebu)
Review MODULE – RCD Beams: Working Stress Design & Serviceability Requirements
SITUATION 7:
A 300 mm x 500 mm beam is reinforced with 4 – 20 mm steel bars with
steel cover of 70 mm. Using f’c = 21 MPa, fy= 276 MPa. The simple span
length is 5 m with uniform load DL of 12 kN/m (self-weight included) and
6 kN/m live load.
A. If the beam is NOT attached to nonstructural elements likely to be
damaged by large deflections, what is the permissible deflection of the
beam? (The beam is supporting a floor).

B. Determine immediate deflection.

C. Determine immediate deflection due to Live load. (Check with the

code requirement)

SITUATION 8:
A doubly reinforced beam b = 250mm, h = 450mm is used as a simply
supported beam. It is reinforced with 3 – 28mm at the tension side and 3
– 20 mm at the compression side. Use 70mm steel cover.

Given:
fc'= 20.7 MPa L=7m
fy = 278 MPa wLL = 15 kN/m
𝛾𝑐 = 24 kN/m³ DL including self-weight = 8 kN/m

A. If the beam is attached to nonstructural elements NOT likely to be

damaged by large deflections, what is the permissible deflection of the
beam.

B. Compute the instantaneous deflection due to Live Load.

C. Determine the long-term deflection if 30% of the LL will sustained for

1 year. (Check with the code requirement)