MANILA: Room 206, JPD Building, CM Recto Avenue, Manila

CEBU: 4/F J. Martinez Bldg., Osmeña Blvd., Cebu City

Telephone Number: (02) 516-7559 (Manila) E-Mail: buksmarquez1 @yahoo.com
(032)
Review Module 254-9967 (Cebu)
– Reinforced Concrete Design (Foundation)
NSCP 2001 410.18 BEARING STRENGTH
415.3 LOADS AND REACTIONS 410.18.1 Design bearing strength on concrete shall not exceed ø(0.85f’CA1),
415.3.1 Footings shall be proportioned to resist the factored loads and induced except when the supporting surface is wider on all sides than the loaded area,
reactions, in accordance with the appropriate design requirements of this code design bearing strength on the loaded area shall be permitted to be multiplied
and as provided in this section. by √𝐴2 /𝐴1 but not more than 2.
415.3.2 Base area of footing or number and arrangement of piles shall be
determined from unfactored forces and moments transmitted by footing to soil For Column:
or piles and permissible soil pressure of permissible pile capacity selected 𝑃𝐵 = 𝜙(0.85𝑓𝐶′ 𝐴1 )
through principles of soil mechanics. For Footing:
𝑃𝐵 = 𝜙(0.85𝑓𝐶′ 𝐴1 )√𝐴2/𝐴1
𝑈𝑛𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑑 (𝐷𝐿 + 𝐿𝐿)
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑜𝑜𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 =
𝐸𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑠𝑜𝑖𝑙 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒, 𝑞𝑒 NSCP 2015
𝑈𝑛𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑑 (𝐷𝐿 + 𝐿𝐿) 413.3 Shallow Foundations
𝑁𝑜. 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑖𝑙𝑒𝑠 =
𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑 𝑐𝑎𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑝𝑖𝑙𝑒 413.3.1.1 Minimum base area of foundation shall be calculated
from unfactored forces and moments transmitted by foundation to soil or
415.3.3 For footings on piles, computations for moments and shears may be
rock or permissible bearing pressure selected through principles of soil or rock
based on the assumption that the reaction from any pile is concentrated at pile
mechanics
center.
413.3.1.2 Overall depth of foundation shall be selected such that
415.4 FOOTINGS SUPPORTING CIRCULAR OR REGULAR SHAPED the effective depth of bottom reinforcement is at least 150mm
POLYGONS
For location of critical sections for moment, shear and development of
reinforcement in footings, it shall be permitted to treat circular or regular 413.2.7.1 Mu at the supported member shall be permitted to be calculated at
polygon-shaped concrete columns or pedestals as square members with the the critical section defined in accordance with Table 413.2.7.1.
same area. Table 413.2.7.1
Location of Critical Section for Mu
415.6 SHEAR IN FOOTINGS Supported member Location of critical section
I. One-way Shear or Wide Beam Shear
Column or pedestal Face of column or pedestal
1
𝑉𝐶 = √𝑓 ′ 𝑐𝑏𝑑 (411 − 3) Halfway between face of column
6 Column with steel base plate
and edge of steel base plate
II. Two-way Shear or Punching Shear
For non-prestressed slabs and footings, VC shall be the smallest of: Concrete wall Face of wall
1 2 Halfway between center and face of
𝑉𝐶 = (1 + ) √𝑓 ′ 𝑐𝑏𝑂 𝑑 Masonry wall
(411 − 35) masonry wall
6 𝛽𝐶
Where βC is the ratio of the long side to short side of the column, concentrated 413.2.7.3 Circular or regular polygon-shaped concrete columns or pedestals
load, or reaction area. shall be permitted to be treated as square members of equivalent area when
1 𝛼𝑆 𝑑 locating critical sections for moment shear and development of reinforcement
𝑉𝐶 = ( + 2) √𝑓 ′ 𝑐𝑏𝑂 𝑑 (411 − 36)
12 𝑏𝑂
Where αS is 40 for interior columns, 30 for edge columns, and 20 for corner 413.3.2 One-way shallow foundations
columns.
1 413.2.1 The design and detailing of one-way shallow foundations,
𝑉𝐶 = √𝑓 ′ 𝑐𝑏𝑂 𝑑 (411 − 37) including strip footings, combined footings, and grade beams, shall be in
3
accordance with this section and the applicable provisions of Sections 407
415.8 MINIMUM FOOTING DEPTH and 409 (Beams and One-way Slabs)
Depth of footing above bottom reinforcement shall not be less than 150 mm
for footings on soil, or not less than 300 mm for footings on piles. 413.2.2 Reinforcement shall be distributed uniformly across entire
width of one-way footings
415.5 MOMENTS IN FOOTINGS
415.5.1 External moment on any section of a footing shall be determined by
413.3.3 Two-Way Isolated Footings
passing a vertical plane through the footing and computing the moment of the
413.3.3.2 In square two-way footings, reinforcement shall be
forces acting over the entire area of footing on one side of that vertical plane.
distributed uniformly across entire width of footing in both directions.
415.5.2 Maximum factored moment for an isolated footing shall be computed 413.3.3.3 In rectangular footings, reinforcement shall be
as prescribed in Section 415.5.1 at critical sections located as follows: distributed in accordance with (a) and (b).
1. At face of column, pedestal, or wall, for footings supporting a a. Reinforcement in the long direction shall be distributed
concrete column, pedestal, or wall. uniformly across entire width of footing.
2. Halfway between middle and edge of wall, for footings supporting b. For reinforcement in the short direction, a portion of the total
a masonry wall. reinforcement, 𝛾𝑠 𝐴𝑠, shall be distributed uniformly over a band width equal
3. Halfway between face of column and edge of steel base plate, for to the length of short side of footing, centered on centerline of column or
footings supporting a column with steel base plate. pedestal. Remainder of reinforcement shall be distributed uniformly outside
415.5.3 In one-way footings and two-way square footings, reinforcement shall the center band width of the footing where 𝛾𝑠 is calculated by:
𝟐
be distributed uniformly across entire width of the footing. 𝜸𝒔 = (413.3.3.3)
𝜷+𝟏
415.5.4 In two way rectangular footings, reinforcement shall be distributed as where 𝜷 is the ratio of long to short side of footing
follows:
422.5 One-Way Shear Strength
415.5.4.1 Reinforcement in long direction shall be distributed uniformly across
422.5.5.1 For non-prestressed members without axial force, 𝑽𝑪 shall be
entire width of footing.
calculated by:
415.5.4.2 For reinforcement in short direction, a portion of the total 𝑽𝑪 = 𝟎. 𝟏𝟕𝝀√𝒇′𝒄𝒃𝒘 𝒅 (422.5.5.1)
reinforcement given by the equation below shall be distributed over a band
width (centered on centerline of column or pedestal) equal to the length of the
short side of the footing. Remainder of reinforcement required may be 422.6 Two-Way Shear Strength
distributed uniformly outside the center band of the footing. 422.6.1.4 Two-way shear shall be resisted by a section with a depth d and an
𝐴𝑆𝐶 2 assumed critical perimeter bo as defined in Section 422.6.4.
= (415 − 1)
𝐴𝑆 𝛽+1
 MANILA: Room 206, JPD Building, CM Recto Avenue, Manila
CEBU: 4/F J. Martinez Bldg., Osmeña Blvd., Cebu City
Telephone Number: (02) 516-7559 (Manila) E-Mail: buksmarquez1 @yahoo.com
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Review Module 254-9967 (Cebu)
– Reinforced Concrete Design (Foundation)
422.6.2.1 For calculation of vc and vs for two-way shear, d shall be the
average of the effective depths in the two orthogonal directions.
422.6.4.1 For two-way shear, critical sections shall be located so that the
critical perimeter bo is a minimum but need not be closer than d/2 to (2) and
(b):
a. Edges or corners of columns, concentrated loads, or reaction areas;
b. Changes in slab or footing thickness, such as edges of capitals, drop panels,
or shear caps.
422.6.4.1.1 For square or rectangular columns, concentrated loads, or
reaction areas, critical sections for two-way shear in accordance with Section
422.6.4.1 (a) and (b) shall be permitted to be defined assuming straight edges.
422.6.4.1.2 For a circular or regular polygon-shaped column, critical sections
for two-way shear on accordance with Section 422.6.4.1 (a) and (b) shall be
permitted to be defined assuming a square column of equivalent area.
422.6.5.2 vc shall be calculated in accordance with Table 422.6.5.2.
Table 422.6.5.2
Calculation of vc for Two-way Shear
Note: β is the ratio of long side to short side of column, concentrated load, or
reaction area and αs is given in Section 422.6.5.3
422.6.5.3 The value of αs is 40 for interior columns, 30 for edge columns, and
20 for corner columns.
422.8 Bearing
422.8.3.2 Nominal bearing strength, Bn, shall be calculated in accordance with
Table 422.8.3.2, where A1 is the loaded area and A2 is the lower base of the
largest frustum of a pyramid, cone, or tapered wedge contained wholly within
the support and having its upper base equal to the loaded area. The sides of
the pyramid, cone, or tapered wedge shall be sloped 1 vertical to 2 horizontal.
Table 422.8.3.2
Nominal Bearing Strength
413.4 Deep Foundations
413.4.1.1 Number and arrangement of piles, drilled piers and
caissons shall be determined from unfactored forces and moments
transmitted to these members and permissible member capacity selected
through principles of soil or rock mechanics.
413.4.2.1 Overall depth of pile cap shall be selected such that
the effective depth of bottom reinforcement is at least 300mm.
413.4.2.2 Factored moments and shears shall be permitted
to be calculated with the reaction from any pile assumed to be
concentrated at the centroid of the pile section.
413.4.2 Pile Cap
413.4.2.5 Calculation of factored shear on any section through
a pile cap shall be in accordance with (a) through (c)
a. Entire reaction from any pile with its center located dpile/2
or more outside the section shall be considered as producing shear on
that section;
b. Reaction from any pile with its center located dpile/2 or
more inside the section shall be considered as producing no shear on
that section.
c. For intermediate positions of pile center, the portion of the
pile reaction to be considered as producing shear on the section shall be
based on a linear interpolation between the full value at dpile/2 outside the
section and zero value at dpile/2 inside the section.
SITUATION 1. A column 400 mm x 400 mm square is supported by a 3 m x 3
m isolated spread footing whose f’c is 21 MPa and is reinforced with 12 – 20
mm bars with fy = 414 MPa. The column carries a dead load of 800 kN and a
live load of 600 kN. The allowable soil bearing pressure is 200 kPa. The base
of the footing is 1.2 m below the grade. Assume weight of soil and concrete to
be 16 kN/m3 and 24 kN/m3, respectively. The total depth of the footing is 600
mm with concrete cover of 75 mm.
1. Investigate the adequacy of the dimension of the footing.
2. Determine the wide beam shear stress at ultimate loads.
3. Determine the punching shear stress at ultimate loads.
4. Determine the ultimate bending moment.
5. Determine if the footing is safe from the three modes of failure.
SITUATION 2. A square footing is to support a 400 mm x 400 mm column
carrying 1400 kN live load and 1200 kN dead load. The allowable soil pressure
is 250 kPa. The bottom of the footing is situated 1 m below the ground surface.
Assume the average unit weight of soil and concrete is 19 kN/m3. For footing,
use fc’ = 21 MPa and for column, use fc’ = 28 MPa. For all steel bars, fy = 414
MPa.
1. Determine the dimensions of the footing.
2. Determine the effective depth of the footing.
3. Determine the number of 25 mm reinforcement.
4. Determine the number of 28 mm dowel at the base of the column.
WALL FOOTING
SITUATION 3. A 300 mm concrete wall supports a dead load of 220 kN/m
and a live load of 150 kN/m. The allowable bearing pressure is 210 kPa and
the level of the bottom of the footing is 1.2 m below the ground surface.
Assume concrete weighs 24 kN/m3 and that of soil is 16kN/m3. For concrete,
use f’c = 21 MPa and for steel, use fy = 275 MPa. The thickness of the
footing is 350 mm with a steel cover of 100 mm.
1. Determine the width of the footing.
2. Solve for the nominal shear stress acting on the critical section of the
footing.
3. Determine the spacing of 20 mm main reinforcements.
4. Determine the number of 12 mm temperature reinforcements.
RECTANGULAR FOOTING
SITUATION 4. A 500 mm x 500 mm column carries a total dead load of 1000
kN and a total live load of 650 kN. The column is to be supported by a
rectangular spread footing having thickness of 675mm whose width is limited
to 3 m. The net soil bearing capacity of the soil is 210 kPa. For footing, use f’c
= 21 MPa and for column, use f’c = 20.7 MPa. Use fy = 414 MPa for all steel
bars. Use 75mm concrete cover.
1. Determine the length of the footing.
2. Determine wide beam shear stress at the critical section.
3. Determine the punching shear stress at the critical section.
4. Design the reinforcements using 28 mm bars.
a. Determine the number of reinforcement along the long direction.
b. Determine the number of reinforcement along the short
direction.
PILE FOOTING
SITUATION 5. A 400 mm x 400 mm column is supported as shown:
 MANILA: Room 206, JPD Building, CM Recto Avenue, Manila
CEBU: 4/F J. Martinez Bldg., Osmeña Blvd., Cebu City
Telephone Number: (02) 516-7559 (Manila) E-Mail: buksmarquez1 @yahoo.com
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Review Module 254-9967 (Cebu)
– Reinforced Concrete Design (Foundation)

The column carries the following service loads:

DL = 900 kN LL = 450 kN
fc’ = 21 MPa fy = 415 MPa
1. Determine the ultimate load per pile in kN.
2. Determine the required effective depth of the footing.
3. Determine the ultimate bending moment acting on the critical section.
4. Determine the number of 25mm diameter flexural reinforcement.

SITUATION 6. A reinforced concrete footing is to support a 600mm x 600mm

column carrying a total dead load of 1100kN and a total live load of 700kN.
Use effective depth d=450mm.

0.6m

1.2m

1.2m

0.6m

0.75m 1.5m 1.5m 0.75m

1. Determine the punching shear stress on the footing due to ultimate loads.
2. Determine the wide-beam shear stress at critical section.
3. Determine the design moment at critical section.