Atomic absorption spectrometry is a method which we can use to measure the concentration of

metallic elements. It is an analytical method which uses a light source.

Every element can absorb a specific wavelength of light. On absorbing the light, the intensity of the
emitted light is reduced. Therefore there is a change in the wavelength of light emitted from the
light source and the light after absorption. This change in wavelength is measured and from this we
can determine the concentration of the element.

In AAS, the element whose concentration is to be measured is dissociated from its chemical bonds
and is placed in its ground state (no exited electrons). At this state, the atom can absorb radiation at
a bandwidth corresponding to its line spectrum.

So if Lithium is to be analyzed, we use a hollow cathode lamp with the cathode being Lithium
as the light source. This lamp emits light of wavelength 670.8 nm. This light is then absorbed by
the ground state Lithium atoms resulting in a decrease in the intensity of the light.

The hollow cathode lamp consists of a cathode and an anode. It is sealed and filled with an inert
gas. A high voltage is applied across the anode and the cathode which excites the inert gas which
results in the gas ions striking the cathode. This excites the atoms in the cathode and a beam of light
is emitted.