Republic of the Philippines

CEBU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

Main Campus
M.J. Cuenco Avenue cor. R. Palma St., Cebu City
Website: http://www.ctu.edu.ph E-mail: information@ctu.ph
Tel. No. +6332 402-4060 loc 1137
COLLEGE OF EDUCATION

FINAL PROJECT
Philosophies of Education & Teaching, the Noblest of All Professions

“One looks back with appreciation to the brilliant teachers but with
gratitude to those who touched our human feelings.” – Carl Jung

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NAME: Aldrin Cagnaan Satiniaman_____________________________________

CONTACT NO.: __________ 09287012157__________________________________________
DATE SUBMITTED: _______ February 25, 2021_________________________________________
INSTRUCTION(S): ESSAY: Answer the following questions below

1. Explain at least seven philosophies of education

ESSENTIALISM - is the view that every entity has a set of attributes that are necessary to its identity
and function. In early Western thought, Plato's idealism held that all things have such an "essence"—an
"idea" or "form". In Categories, Aristotle similarly proposed that all objects have a substance that, as
George Lakoff put it, "make the thing what it is, and without which it would be not that kind of thing". The
contrary view—non-essentialism—denies the need to posit such an "essence'".

➢ Why teach?

earners to acquire basic knowledge, skills and values. - to transmit the traditional moral values
and intellectual knowledge that students need to become model citizens

➢ What to teach?

- programs are academically rigorous

- the basic skill or the fundamental r’s – reading, ‘writing, ‘rithmetic, right conduct needed in
preparation for adult life.
- traditional discipline
- Math, natural Science, History, Foreign Languages and Literature
- frown upon vocational courses
-what is most important and place little emphasis on students interest

➢ How to teach?

- emphasize mastery of subject matter

- teachers fountain of information and paragon of virtue
- teachers observe “core requirements, longer school days and a longer academic year”
- rely heavily on the use of prescribed textbooks
- heavy stress on memorization and discipline

PERENNIALISM - educational perennialism also infrequently referred to as Universal Curriculum is a

normative educational philosophy. Perennialists believe that one should teach the things that are of
everlasting pertinence to all people everywhere, and that the emphasis should be on principles, not facts.
Since people are human, one should teach first about humans, rather than machines or techniques, and
about liberal, rather than vocational, topics.

➢ Why teach?

- we are all rational animals

- develop the students’ rational and moral powers

➢ What to teach?

- curriculum is universal or general

- heavy on the humanities, general education
- less emphasis on vocational and technical education
- what the perennialist teachers teach are lifted from the Great Books
 ➢ How to teach?

- centered around teachers

- students engaged in Socratic dialogues or mutual inquiry sessions to develop an
understanding of history’s most timeless concepts.

PROGRESSIVISM - is a political philosophy in support of social reform. Based on the idea of progress in
which advancements in science, technology, economic development and social organization are vital to
the improvement of the human condition, progressivism became highly significant during the Age of
Enlightenment in Europe, out of the belief that Europe was demonstrating that societies could progress in
civility from uncivilized conditions to civilization through strengthening the basis of empirical knowledge as
the foundation of society. Figures of the Enlightenment believed that progress had universal application to
all societies and that these ideas would spread across the world from Europe.

➢ Why teach?

- to develop learners into becoming enlightened and intelligent citizens of a democratic

society.
- teach learners so they may live life fully NOW.

➢ What to teach?

- need-based and relevant curriculum

- curriculum that respond to students’ need and relates to students’ lives and experiences
- accept the impermanence of life and inevitability of change, everything else change 10.
-concerned with teaching the learners the skill to cope with change
- give focus to teaching of skills or process in gathering and evaluating information and in
problem solving.
- give emphasis on natural and social sciences

➢ How to teach?

- employ experiential methods

- learns by doing
-John Dewey – advocate of Progressivism
- heavily rely on the problem-solving method (Scientific method)
- Hands-on-minds-on teaching method like field trips and thought-provoking games

EXISTENTIALISM - is a form of philosophical inquiry that explores the problem of human existence and
centers on the lived experience of the thinking, feeling, acting individual. In the view of the existentialist,
the individual's starting point has been called "the existential angst", or a sense of disorientation, confusion,
or anxiety in the face of an apparently meaningless or absurd world.

➢ Why teach?

- to help students understand and appreciate themselves as unique individual who accept
complete responsibility for their thoughts, feelings and action.
 - to help students define their own essence by exposing them to various paths
-education of the whole person

➢ What to teach?

- students are given a wide variety of options from which they to choose
-tremendous emphasis is given to Humanities to provide students with vicarious experiences
that will help unleash their own creativity and self-expression
- vocational education is regarded more -encourage creativity and imagination

➢ How to teach?

- Focus on individual
- learning is self-paced, self-directed.
- grate deal of individual contact with the teacher
-employ values clarification strategy

BEHAVIORISM - is a systematic approach to understanding the behavior of humans and other animals. It
assumes that behavior is either a reflex evoked by the pairing of certain antecedent stimuli in the
environment, or a consequence of that individual's history, including especially reinforcement and
punishment contingencies, together with the individual's current motivational state and controlling stimuli.
Although behaviorists generally accept the important role of heredity in determining behavior, they focus
primarily on environmental events. For Burrhus Frederic Skinner, one of its main referents, behaviorism is
conceived as a philosophy that acts as a framework for the science of behavior, so according to this vision
it shouldn't be seen as a "branch" of psychology or a theoretical model for a form of psychotherapy.

➢ Why teach?

- modification and shaping of student’s behavior by providing a favorable environment

➢ What to teach?

- look people and other animals as complex combination of matter that act only in response
to internally or externally physical stimuli.
- teach students to respond favorably to various stimuli in the environment.

➢ How to teach?

- ought to arrange environment conditions

- ought to make the stimuli clear and interesting to capture and hold the learners’ attention.
- ought to provide appropriate incentives to reinforce positive responses to awaken or
eliminate negative ones.

LINGUISTIC PHILOSOPHY - is the view that many or all philosophical problems can be solved (or
dissolved) by paying closer attention to language, either by reforming language or by understanding the
everyday language that we presently use better. The former position is that of ideal language philosophy,
one prominent example being logical atomism. The latter is the view defended in ordinary language
philosophy.

➢ Why teach?

- to develop the communication skills of the learners

- to develop in the learner the skill to send message clearly and receive messages correctly.
 ➢ What to teach?

- learners should be taught to communicate clearly

- Communication takes place in three ways: verbal, nonverbal and paraverbal

Verbal – the content of our message, the choice and arrangement of our words. This can be
oral or written.
Nonverbal – the message we send through body language.
Paraverbal – refers to how we say what we say – tone, pacing and volume of our voices.
❖ teach learners to use language that is correct, precise, grammatical, coherent, accurate.
❖ help student expand their vocabularies
❖ teach the learner how to communicate clearly
❖ caution the learners of the verbal and non-verbal barriers of communication
❖ teach the learner to speak as many languages as you can

➢ How to teach?

- teach language and communication through experiential way.

- make the classroom a place for the interplay of minds and hearts.
- facilitates dialogue among learners because in the exchange of words there is also an exchange
of ideas.

CONSTRUCTIVISM - is a theory in education that recognizes learners construct new understandings and
knowledge, integrating with what they already know. This includes knowledge gained prior to entering
school. It is associated with various philosophical positions, particularly in epistemology as well as ontology,
politics, and ethics. The origin of the theory is also linked to Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development.

➢ Why teach?

- to develop intrinsically motivated and independent learners adequately equipped with

learning skills for them to be able to construct knowledge and make meaning of them.

➢ What to teach?

- learners are taught how to learn, learning processes and skills

➢ How to teach?

- teacher provides students with data or experiences that allow them to hypothesize, predict,
manipulate objects, pose questions, research, investigate, imagine and invent.
- constructivist classroom is interactive
- promotes dialogical exchange of ideas among learners and between teachers and students.
- teacher’s role is to facilitate the process.
❖ knowledge is constructed by learners through an active, mental process of development.
❖ the minds are full of ideas waiting to be midwifed by the teacher with his/her skillful facilitating
skills.
 2. Cite reasons why teaching is said to be the noblest of all professions

Teaching has been considered a noble profession by people for various reasons, with one of the most
common being that teachers help to educate future generations. More generally, some have described
teachers as "agents of the future," because they help people acquire the skills necessary to take on new
challenges and contribute to the world in meaningful ways. This has far-reaching implications, as some
people claim that teachers can be a significant force in creating a society that is healthy, peaceful and
informed. Teachers can also instill a passion for learning that people carry for the rest of their lives, well
after they have graduated from an academic setting. A passion for learning is an essential element to
progress, especially in terms of innovation.

In this way, teachers have a very important responsibility to develop student's hunger to acquire knowledge
and seek understanding with others who think differently from them, an apparatus for peace in society. The
idea that teaching is a noble profession is commonly used and sometimes referenced in conjunction with
arguments that defend teacher salaries, unions and employment benefits. These arguments assert that
since teaching is such an important and noble profession, teachers shouldn't be shunned or neglected by
the society to which they serve an important interest.

Additionally, it has been said that teaching is a noblest profession. The desires of people from all walks of
life from education is attested even by foreign educators. And so, abundant educative influences should
stir the hearts and minds of every Filipino, young and old for a brighter future. Teaching is the noblest
profession among all the profession since all professionals underwent educations with a teacher, it is the
pattern of all profession. Real teachers teach us everything. Along with school exams they prepare us to
face life. If you want to become anything in life, a teacher is much needed. It is in the hand of the teachers
to shape the future of kids. It takes a big heart to teach young minds and a lot of patience is needed. A
teacher cam be good or bad. Good teacher will develop talents of students while the worst one will kill their
curiosity. Not everyone can be their shoes. Not everyone can become one. If one possesses patience,
courage, power, caring heart and if one is passionate about it, he/she become a good teacher.

Teaching is considered as means for God uses a teacher as an instrument to touch lives. A teacher as
public servant, shall always uphold the public interest over and above personal interest. The teacher shall
perform and discharged his duties with the highest degree of excellence, professionalism, intelligence and
skills. The teacher shall remain true to the community people at all times. He must act with justice and
sincerity and shall not discriminate against anyone of his students especially the under privileged. Another
important thing about the profession of teaching is that it enlightens both sides of the teacher as well as
the student. In this noble profession not only the students learn but the teacher also learns the lesson of
life from innocent students also. So, it is beneficial to both of the sides. Teaching is a profession that
provides an art of living. It is not only a duty but a moral duty. It is not just a profession but a noble service
to the world to create a more beautiful and peaceful world.