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CONSUMER BUYING BEHAVIOUR

PROJECT REPORT ON :- CONSUMER BUYING BEHAVIOUR

Wefas Ayurvedic Pvt. Ltd , Nashik

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CONSUMER BUYING BEHAVIOUR

Project Report

On

“The Study Of Consumer Buying Behaviour Towards Ayurveda”

At

“WEFAS AYURVEDIC PVT LTD ,


NASHIK”
Submitted In Partial Fulfilment Of The Requirement For The Award Of The Degree Of
Post Graduate Diploma In International Marketing, MIT School Of Distance
Education, Pune
Submitted By: Miss. Neha Pawar

(STUDENT ID: MIT2018N00120)

Projrct guidance by : Mr. Sunil Anna Pawar

MIT SCHOOL OF DISTANCE EDUCATION, PUNE -411038

YEAR 2018-2019

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019

Ref: NS801/L/07/2020 Date :- 05/07/2020

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that Ms. Neha Satish Pawar has completed the
project report with us for her project report work on:
“BUYING BEHAVIOUR OF CUSUMER IN AYURVEDA”
in fulfilment for the completion of her Course with MITSDE on “Post Graduate
Diploma in Business Administration” as prescribed by MIT School Of Distance
Education, Pune.
This Project Report is record of authentic work carried out by her
with guidance by our relevant department from Dated 06 March 2020

Wefas Ayurvedic Pvt.Ltd ,Nashik.

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Declaration

I hereby declare that this project report entitled “BUYING BEHAVIOUR OF


CUSTOMER” is a bonafide record of the project work carried out by me during the
academic year 2018 -2019 ,in fulfillment of the requirements for the award of post graduate
diploma in “INTERNATIONAL MARKETING” (PGD ) of MIT School of Distance
Education, Pune.

This work has not been undertaken or submitted elsewhere in connection with any other
academic course.

Neha Satish Pawar


Student Id: MIT2018N00120

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to take this opportunity to express my sincere thanks and gratitude to
Mr. Sunil Anna Pawar of Wefas Ayurvedic. Pvt. Ltd, Nashik for giving me an opportunity to
do my project work in your esteemed organization and it has indeed been a great learning and
enjoyable experience.

I would like to express my deep sense of gratitude and profound thanks to all staff
Members of Wefas Ayurvedic. Pvt. Ltd , Nashik for their kind support and cooperation
Which helped me in gaining lots of knowledge and experience to do my project work
Successfully.

At last but not least, I am thankful to my Family and Friends for their moral support,
endurance and encouragement during the course of the project.

Neha Satish Pawar


Student Id: MIT2018N00120

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ABSTRACT

The marketing concept is consumer oriented and the emphasis is more on the consumer rather
than on the product. The essence of modern marketing lies in building of profit along with
creating meaningful value satisfaction for the costumers, whose needs and desires have to be
coordinated with the set of products and production programmes. Therefore, marketing
success an enterprise depends as its ability to create a community of satisfied consumers. All
the business activities should be carried out in ways which are directed towards the
satisfaction of the consumer needs. Consumer behaviour is affected by a host of variables
ranging from personal, professional needs, attitudes and values, personality characteristics,
social economic and cultural background, age, gender, professional status to social influences
of various kinds exerted a family, friends, colleagues, and society as a whole. The
combination of these factors help the consumer in decision making further psychological
factors that as individual consumer needs, motivations, perceptions attitudes, the learning
process personality characteristics are the similarities, which operate across the different
types of people and influence their behaviour. There are four major factors which influences
on the buying behaviour of consumer.

Cultural Factors'.

Social Factors

Personal Factor

Psychological Factors

So a study had been conducted on “Consumer Behaviour Towards Ayurveda .

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Index

Sr No. TITLE Page No.

1 Introduction of company 08

2 Organizational profile 11

3 Project Objective 19

4 Scope of project 21

5 Data analysis & interpretation 25

6 Brief about the topic 33

7 Research methodology 44

8 Conclusions, Suggestions 54

9 Bibliography/Article 57

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CHAPTER -1
INTRODUCTION OF COMPANY

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INTRODUCTION
Of
WEFAS AYURVEDIC PVT.LTD

One of the leading company named as “WEFAS AYURVEDIC PVT LTD” having presence from 1992 in
the manufacture of “AYURVEDIC PRODUCTS” catering to the requirements of human being.

They have a state of art plant with high tech machines in sinner MIDC, Nasik, Maharashtra(India) &
have the capability for mass manufacturing for different products we manufacture. They also have
their own R&D teams working day night to satisfy the need of our customer. They have the expert
team in formulation of raw material too.

Wefas works in different major sector such as Health, Beauty, Sexual Wellness with this presence it
work with more than 200 different products and medicines.

An “International Business Division” under the umbrella of WEFAS AYURVEDIC PVT.LTD. has been
established to cater to the overseas requirements. They possess the necessary diverse expertise in
exports of all our ayurvedic products.

Wefas Ayurvedic Pvt.Ltd is also working hard for govt. health sector need under the umbrella of
Corporate social responsibility for Malnourished children and pregnant women.

Currently, they are embarking in the new product, production of Pure Ayurvedic oil and Powder for
“Erectile dysfunction” with the brand name as “UNK”.

For more and more details we can visit: www.wefasAyurvedic.com

We can also find Wefas Ayurvedic on :

1. Social media platform like : Facebook, Instagram, Twitter etc


2. B2B websites: India Mart, Alibaba, TradeIndia, go4WorldBusiness etc.
3. E-commerce Websites : Amezon, flipkart, snapdeal, 1mg etc.

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Wefas Ayurvedic Pvt. Ltd

is

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CHAPTER 2
ORGANISATIONAL PROFILE

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ORGANISATIONAL PROFILE
Wefas Ayurvedic Private Limited is a Private incorporated on 15 October 2018. It is
classified as Non-govt company and is registered at Registrar of Companies, Mumbai. Its
authorized share capital is Rs. 100,000 and its paid up capital is Rs. 100,000. It is involved in
Manufacturing.

Wefas Ayurvedic Private Limited's Annual General Meeting (AGM) was last held on 30
September 2019 and as per records from Ministry of Corporate Affairs (MCA), its balance
sheet was last filed on 31 March 2019.

Directors of Wefas Ayurvedic Private Limited are Neha Satish Pawar and Sunil Anna Pawar.

Wefas Ayurvedic Private Limited's Corporate Identification Number is (CIN)


U36999MH2018PTC315771 and its registration number is 315771. Its Email address is
smartvalueneha@gmail.com and its registered address is Flat No. C106, Siddhivinayak Park,
Behind Siddharth Hotel, NASHIK Nashik MH 422010 IN .

Current status of Wefas Ayurvedic Private Limited is - Active.

CIN U36999MH2018PTC315771

Company Name WEFAS AYURVEDIC PRIVATE LIMITED

Company Status Active

RoC RoC-Mumbai

Registration Number 315771

Company Category Company limited by Shares

Company Sub Category Non-govt company

Class of Company Private

Date of Incorporation 15 October 2018

Activity Ayurvedic

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MANAGEMENT TEAM

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CORPORATE & FUNCTIONAL PRACTICES

1) ROLE OF MARKETING DEPARTMENT:

Marketers should spend time listening to their customers in order to their needs & wants
regarding a particular product or service own the brand

The perception & feeling formed about an organization its products services & performance is
what is known as its “brand”. The marketing department is creating meaningful messages
through words, images & that delivers upon the benefits an organization whishes to make with
customer.

The Marketing Manager (Retail) typically serves as member of senior management. As such,
the Marketing Manager (Retail) provides strategy formulation. The organization will depend
on this person's vision implementation. The Marketing Manager (Retail) generally is
responsible for operational responsibility. As such, the Marketing Manager (Retail) provides
cost and risk management. The organization will depend on this person's enterprise view.

Marketing Manager (Retail) Job Responsibilities -

➢ The Marketing Manager (Retail) generally has the following responsibilitiesDevelops


and executes business plans for product marketing and the expansion of the customer
base.

➢ Manages the profitability of retail marketing, establishes guidelines for markets to


serve, market share, pricing, and retail outlets ownership.

➢ Identifies new business opportunities; creates and ensures positive relationships with
existing and potential clients.

➢ Manages and develops the sales and marketing teams and associated budget. Ensures
compliance with health and safety regulations.

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2) ROLE OF PRODUCTION DEPARTMENT:


Production and planning development will set standards & target for each section of the
production process. The quality & quantity of product off production line will be closely
monitored. In business focusing on lean production, quality will be mentioned by all
employees at every stage of production, rather than at end as is case for businesses using
quality control approach.The purchasing department will be responsible for providing the
material, components and equipment required to keep production process running smoothly.
A vital aspects of this role is ensuring stocks arrive on time & to the right quality.

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PRODUCTS OF WEFAS

As discuses early, wefas Ayurvedic Pvt.Ltd is involved in manufacturing of


many major different products and medicine in different sectors such as health, bueaty,
sexual wellness .

Currently, Wefas have embarked in the new product, production of Pure


Ayurvedic Oil and Powder for “Erectile dysfunction” with the brand name as “UNK”.
Erectile dysfunction (ED), also known as impotence, is a type of sexual dysfunction
characterized by the inability to develop or maintain an erection of the penis during sexual
activity. Erectile dysfunction can have psychological consequences as it can be tied to
relationship difficulties and self-image.

A physical cause can be identified in about 80% of cases. These include


cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, neurological problems such as following
prostatectomy, hypogonadism, and drug side effects. Psychological impotence is where
erection or penetration fails due to thoughts or feelings; this is somewhat less frequent, in the
order of about 10% of cases. In psychological impotence, there is a strong response to
placebo treatment.

1. What is UNK Powder and Oil?

UNK Powder and Oil treatment is to maintain love and affection between the matrimonial
couple closely associated romantically or sexually with passion. Erectile dysfunction and
premature ejaculation are common problems; a man who experiences these difficulties may
withdraw from his partner for fear to disappoint her. When a man gets over 40 his
testosterone level begins to decrease and man gradually lose his sexual powers. To Feel the
Ride again We suggest you to try UNK Powder and Oil to get that Stamina again.

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More About UNK

Human body and soul both are the abode/refuge for felicity and disease. The co-
ordination of time, intelligence and physical strength brings happiness in your life, similarly
the exactly the opposite co-ordination becomes the reason of sadness and disease in your life.
The medicine which we are providing you is perfect for potency hormonal balance
and a treatment for sexual dysfunctions and not in any ways for any kind of encouragement
of prostitute arousal, but is intentionally seek to maintain love affection in the relationship
between the matrimonial couple closely associated romantically or sexually with passion. The
men those who are panic due to the erectile dysfunction and premature ejaculation but keeps
the desire for sexual activity but as his physical strength is worn out he experience fear to
disappoint his partner and gradually comes in tribulation.
Our provided medicine exactly works in harmony to bring up men from such
situation and make him physically and mentally strong enough for a pleasureful sexual
activity. Bitter, sour, salty, hot potency, the third fiery flame, untender like substances
destroys sperm as well as old age, anxiety, physical disability, over exercise, over coition also
destroys sperm.
Sperms are crystal white, soft, smooth, thick and cold therefore comparatively
medicinal herbs having same properties are used in this medicine which helps sperm in
aliment and enhancement, whereas purification of sperm is also one more important factor in
it, for which some significant herbs are used in this medicine, because sperm element is filled
with some properties of convulse as well as it is even betta and kusumbhagnana (raktadishrya)
so the matter used in medicine destroys convulse and purifies sperms.
The matters which are benefited for our life are called as the life matters
(jeevandravya) when body, sole and heart combines, "life is form", that is why life matters
aliment them. The life matters are useful since childhood till old age for every individual. So
over all life matters aliment body, sole and heart and keeps human cheerful, charming and
physically strong.
The result of rejuvenation therapy gives you lifelong effect and helps you to be
young with the horse immunity power. It gives you pleasure, love affection, satisfaction in
the physical relationship between the matrimonial couple closely associated romantically
with passion and the most important advantage you gain a brilliant fruitful fertility which is
the dream of every individual.

More about UNK OIL

Along with the above medicine we are providing you with an oil which is going to give you
miracle effect by giving a fleshiness, tenderness to your turling penis, due to which you will
feel comfortness and pleasure in physical relationship between matrimonial couple
Direction for use :- Taking 4/5 drops of oil massage penis from down towards up direction
similarly where circulation of blood goes towards heart for good results.

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More about UNK Powder

The medicine which we are providing you is perfect for potency hormonal balance and a
treatment for sexual dysfunctions and not in any ways for any kind of encouragement of
prostitute arousal, but is intentionally seek to maintain love affection in the relationship
between the matrimonial couple closely associated romantically or sexually with passion. The
men those who are panic due to the erectile dysfunction and premature ejaculation but keeps
the desire for sexual activity but as his physical strength is worn out he experience fear to
disappoint his partner and gradually comes in tribulation. This medicine helps sperm in
aliment and enhancement, and also purify the sperm. This bottle consist 15 gram of medicine
whereas 0.5 gram medicine should be taken with pure ghee or honey for atleast 3 months
regularly.
The result of rejuvenation therapy gives you lifelong effect and helps you to be young with
the horse immunity power.

What are the Benefits of UNK Powder and Oil?

UNK Powder and Oil is formulated for Permanent results after continuous use for 3 months.

• For Erectile dysfunction (difficulty getting/keeping an erection)

• For Premature ejaculation (reaching orgasm too quickly).

• For Delayed or inhibited ejaculation (reaching orgasm too slowly or not at all)

• Avert strong, healthy erections with raise sexual energy levels.

• Boost arousal and sexual desire.

• Revitalize the male reproductive and hormonal systems.

• Dyspareunia (difficult or painful sexual intercourse)

• For Low libido (reduced interest in sex).

• For Prolonged erection

• To gain mass on penis to make it thick and large.

• Increase erect penis size and thickness.

• Achieve stronger and more pleasurable ejaculation, increasing the performance time.

• Improve anxiety caused by problems in sexual performance.

• Fetishistic Disorder

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CHAPTER 3

PROJECT OBJECTIVES

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PROJECT OBJECTIVES

❖ The objectives of consumer behaviour analysis are mostly consumer researches are
undertaken to find out the attitudes of the consumer about a product. Their
preferences, likes and dislikes which lead to the further modernization of the sales
strategies by the marketer.

❖ Researches can be conducted to find out the percentage of people using a certain
product or facility .

❖ Researchers may also like to know the types of consumers and their demographic
characteristics for a particular product.

❖ They may also like to experiment with new promotional campaigns, and since these
campaigns require a lot of expenditure, they may do researches to be sure of the
campaign’s success, before the final launch of the campaign.

❖ The decline in sales may require the marketer to conduct researches which can give a
clue of the changing consumer behaviour.

❖ The objective therefore, must be clearly set and followed strictly. Then only can we
decide what type of Research Design should be used. The researchers can be
quantitative or qualitative in nature.

❖ Qualitative research design is undertaken to come up with new ideas, and in this
design, brain storming tools and other face to face techniques with experts are used.
This is confined indoors, and is less expensive than the quantitative research.

❖ Quantitative research design is used in the market place where we have to interview
people, to find out the number of persons using the product, or how frequently they
use the product etc.

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CHAPTER 4

SCOPE OF PROJECT

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CHAPTER 4

Scope from Organization’s point of view:

1) Production policies: The study of consumer behaviour effects production policies of


enterprise. Consumer behaviour discovers the habits, tastes and preferences of consumers and
such discovery enables and enterprise to plan and develop its products according to these
specifications. It is necessary for an enterprise to be in continuous touch with the changes in
consumer behaviour so that necessary changes in products may be made.

2) Price policies: The buyer behaviour is equally important in having price policies. The
buyers of some products purchase only because particular articles are cheaper than the
competitive articles available in the market.

3) Decision regarding channels of distribution: The goods, which are sold and solely on the
basis of low price mast and economical distribution channels. In case of those articles, which
week T.V. sets, refrigerators etc. Must have different channels of distribution. Thus, decisions
regarding channels of distribution are taken on the basis of consumer behaviour.

4) Decision regarding sales promotion: Study of consumer behaviour is also vital in making
decisions regarding sales promotion. It enables the producer to know what motive prompt
consumer to make purchase and the same are utilised in promotional campaigns to awaken
desire to purchase.

5) Exploiting marketing opportunities: Study of consumer behaviour helps the marketers to


understand the consumers needs, aspirations, expectations, problems etc. This knowledge will
be useful to the marketers in exploiting marketing opportunities and meeting the challenges
of the market.

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Scope From My Point Of View:

1) Consumer behaviour and marketing management: Effective business managers realise the
importance of marketing to the success of their firm. A sound understanding of consumer
behaviour is essential to the long run success of any marketing program. In fact, it is seen as a
comerstone of the Marketing concept, an important orientation of philosophy of many
marketing managers. The essence of the Marketing concept is captured in three interrelated
orientations consumers needs and wants, company integrated strategy.

2) Consumer behaviour and non profit and social marketing: In today's world even the non-
profit organisations like government agencies, religious sects, universities and charitable
institutions have to market their services for ideas to the "target group of consumers or
institution." At other times these groups are required to appeal to the general public for
support of certain causes or ideas. Also they make their contribution towards eradication of
the problems of the society. Thus a clear understanding of the consumer behaviour and
decision making process will assist these efforts.

3) Consumer behaviour and government decision making : In recent years the relevance of
consumer behaviour principles to government decision making. Two major areas of activities
have been affected:

i) Government services: It is increasingly and that government provision of public services


can benefit significantly from an understanding of the consumers, or users, of these services.

ii) consumer protection: Many Agencies at all levels of government are involved with
regulating business practices for the purpose of protecting consumers welfare.

4) Consumer Behaviour and De-marketing: It has become increasingly clear that consumers
are entering an era of scarcity in terms of some natural gas and water. These scarcities have
led to promotions stressing conservation rather than consumption. In other circumstances,
consumers have been encouraged to decrease or stop their use of particular goods believed to
have harmful effects. Programs designed to reduce drug abuse, gambling, and similar types of
conception examples. These actions have been undertaken by government agencies non profit
organisations, and other private groups. The term "De-marketing" refers to all such efforts to
encourage consumers to reduce their consumption of a particular product or services.

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5) Consumer behaviour and consumer education: Consumer also stands to benefit directly
from orderly investigations of their own behaviour. This can occur on an individual basis or
as part of more formal educational programs. For example, when consumers learn that a large
proportion of the billions spend annually on grocery products is used for impulse purchases
and not spend according to pre planned shopping list, consumers may be more willing to plan
effort to save money. In general, as marketers that can influence consumers' purchases,
consumers have the opportunity to understand better how they affect their own behaviour.

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CHAPTER 5

DATAPRESENTATION, ANALYSIS &


INTERPRETATIONDATA

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DATAPRESENTATION, ANALYSIS &


INTERPRETATIONDATA

Q.1 Age of Respondent?

RESPONSE <20 20- 25- 30- 35- 40- 45-50 >50 TOTAL
24 29 34 39 44
RESPONDANT 4 17 29 23 12 6 4 5 100
PERCENTAGE 4% 17% 29% 23% 12% 6% 4% 5% 100%
Table 5.1.1 Source: Primary Data

Age (In Years)

35%
29%
30%

25% 23%

20% 17%

15% 12%

10%
6% 5%
4%
5% 3%

0%
<20 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-50 >50

Chart 5.1.1

Analysis:There are 4% respondents of <20 years,17% respondents between 20years to 24


years,29% respondents between 25 years to 29 years, 23% respondents between 30 years -34
years, 12% respondents between 34 years to 39 years, 6% respondents between 40 years to
44 years, 4% respondents between 45 years to 50 years and respondent whose age is more
than 50 years is 5%.
Interpretation: Majority of respondents in between 20 – 39 Years.

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Q.2 Gender of Respondent?

RESPONSE FEMALE MALE TOTAL


RESPONDANT 55 45 100
PERCENTAGE 55% 45% 100%
Table 5.1.2Source: Primary Data

Gender

45%
Female
55% Male

Chart 5.1.2

Analysis:There are 45% male respondents and 55% are female respondents.

Interpretation: Higher percentage of female respondents as compared to male.

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Q.3 Qualification of Rspondent?

RESPONSE GRADUATE OR POST TOTAL


BELOW GRADUATE OR
ABOVE
RESPONDANT 46 54 100
PERCENTAGE 46% 54% 100%
Table 5.1.3Source: Primary Data

Qualification

46%

Graduate or below

54%
Post Graduate or
above

Chart 5.1.3

Analysis:Qualification of 46% respondents is under graduate and remaining 54% are post
graduate.

Interpretation: Higher percentage of respondents with post graduate or above qualification.

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Q.4 Husehold Income?

RESPONSE Less 6-10 11-15 16-20 21-30 More TOTAL


than lakhs lakhs lakhs lakhs than 30
5 lakhs
lakhs
RESPONDANT 33 31 14 10 6 6 100
PERCENTAGE 33 31 14 10 6 6 100%
Table 5.1.4Source: Primary Data

Household Income
35 33
31
30

25

20

15 14

10
10
6 6
5

0
Less than 5 6-10 lakhs 11-15 lakhs 16-20 lakhs 21-30 lakhs More than
lakhs 30 lakhs

Chart 5.1.4

Analysis:income of 33% respondents are less than 5 lakh,:income of 31% respondents


between5 to 6 lakh, income of 14% respondents between 11 to 15 lakhs,income of 10%
respondents between 16 to 20 lakhs,income of 6% respondents between 21 to 30
lakhs,income of 6% respondents more than 30 lakhs.

Interpretation: Majority of the respondents in Income bracket less than Rs 15 Lakhs pa.

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RESPONSE SALARIED STUDENT BUSINESS HOUSEWIFE UNEMPLOYED RETIRED TOTAL

RESPONDA 63 12 12 10 2 1 100
NT
PERCENTA 63% 12% 12% 10% 2% 1% 100%
GE
Table 5.1.5 Source: Primary Data

Profession

2% Salaried
10% 1%
Student
Business
12%
Housewife
Unemployed
Retired
12% 63%

Chart 5.1.5

Analysis:There are 12% are students, 12 % are businessman, 10 % are house wife, 2 % are
unemployed and 1 % respondent is retired.63% are salaried.

Interpretation: Higher percentage of working professionals (key decision makers)

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Q.6 Family size of Respondent?

RESPONSE ZERO THREE FIVE TO MORE TOTAL


TO TWO TO SEVEN THAN
FOUR SEVEN
RESPONDANT 17 52 24 7 100%
PERCENTAGE 17% 52% 24% 7% 100%
Table 5.1.6Source: Primary Data

60
52
50

40

30
24

20 17

10 7

0
ZERO TO TWO THREE TO FOUR FIVE TO SEVEN MORE THAN SEVEN

Chart 5.1.6

Analysis: 17% of respondent having family size is 0 to 2 members, 7% of respondent having


family size more than 7, 24% of respondent having family size is 5 to 7 members and 52% of
respondent having family size is 3 to 4 members.

Interpretation: Most of the respondent having family size is 3 to 4 members.

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***QUESTIONNAIRE***

1) Name :
2) Age :
3) Gender
4) Qualification
5) Household income?
6) Family size
7) profession

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CHAPTER 6

BRIEF ABOUT THE TOPIC :

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Consumer Buying Behaviour?


Definition of Buying Behaviour:
Buying Behaviour is the decision processes and acts of people involved in buying and using
products.

Need to understand:

• why consumers make the purchases that they make?


• what factors influence consumer purchases?
• the changing factors in our society.

Consumer Buying Behaviour refers to the buying behaviour of the ultimate consumer. A firm
needs to analyze buying behaviour for:

• Buyer’s reactions to a firms marketing strategy has a great impact on the firms
success.
• The marketing concept stresses that a firm should create a Marketing Mix (MM) that
satisfies (gives utility to) customers, therefore need to analyze the what, where, when
and how consumers buy.
• Marketers can better predict how consumers will respond to marketing strategies.

Stages of the Consumer Buying Process

Six Stages to the Consumer Buying Decision Process (For complex decisions). Actual
purchasing is only one stage of the process. Not all decision processes lead to a purchase. All
consumer decisions do not always include all 6 stages, determined by the degree of
complexity...discussed next.

The 6 stages are:


1. Problem Recognition (awareness of need)-

Difference between the desired state and the actual condition. Deficit in assortment of
products. Hunger--Food. Hunger stimulates your need to eat.
Can be stimulated by the marketer through product information--did not know you
were deficient? I.E., see a commercial for a new pair of shoes, stimulates your
recognition that you need a new pair of shoes.

2. Information search--
o Internal search, memory.
o External search if you need more information. Friends and relatives (word of
mouth). Marketer dominated sources; comparison shopping; public sources
etc. A successful information search leaves a buyer with possible alternatives,
the evoked set. Hungry, want to go out and eat, evoked set is
o Chinese food
o Indian food
o burger king

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o
3. Evaluation of Alternatives-

Need to establish criteria for evaluation, features the buyer wants or does not want.
Rank/weight alternatives or resume search. May decide that you want to eat
something spicy, indian gets highest rank etc.
If not satisfied with your choice then return to the search phase. Can you think of
another restaurant? Look in the yellow pages etc. Information from different sources
may be treated differently. Marketers try to influence by "framing" alternatives.

4. Purchase decision-

Choose buying alternative, includes product, package, store, method of purchase etc.

5. Purchase-

May differ from decision, time lapse between 4 & 5, product availability.

6. Post-Purchase Evaluation-

Outcome: Satisfaction or Dissatisfaction. Cognitive Dissonance, have you made the


right decision. This can be reduced by warranties, after sales communication etc.
After eating an Indian meal, may think that really you wanted a Chinese meal instead.

Handout...Pillsbury 1-800#s

1-800 #s gives the consumer a way of communicating with the marketer after purchase. This
helps reduce cognitive dissonance when a marketer can answer any concerns of a new
consumer.

Types of Consumer Buying Behaviour


Types of consumer buying behaviour are determined by:

• Level of Involvement in purchase decision. Importance and intensity of interest in a


product in a particular situation.
• Buyers level of involvement determines why he/she is motivated to seek information
about a certain products and brands but virtually ignores others.

High involvement purchases--Honda Motorbike, high priced goods, products visible to


others, and the higher the risk the higher the involvement. Types of risk:

• Personal risk
• Social risk
• Economic risk

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The four type of consumer buying behaviour are:

❖ Routine Response/Programmed Behaviour --buying low involvement frequently


purchased low cost items; need very little search and decision effort; purchased
almost automatically. Examples include soft drinks, snack foods, milk etc.
❖ Limited Decision Making--buying product occasionally. When you need to obtain
information about unfamiliar brand in a familiar product category, perhaps. Requires
a moderate amount of time for information gathering. Examples include Clothes--
know product class but not the brand.
❖ Extensive Decision Making/Complex high involvement, unfamiliar, expensive and/or
infrequently bought products. High degree of economic/performance/psychological
risk. Examples include cars, homes, computers, education. Spend alot of time seeking
information and deciding.
Information from the companies MM; friends and relatives, store personnel etc. Go
through all six stages of the buying process.
❖ Impulse buying, no conscious planning.

The purchase of the same product does not always elicit the same Buying Behaviour .
Product can shift from one category to the next.
For example:
Going out for dinner for one person may be extensive decision making (for someone that
does not go out often at all), but limited decision making for someone else. The reason for the
dinner, whether it is an anniversary celebration, or a meal with a couple of friends will also
determine the extent of the decision making.

Categories that Effect the Consumer Buying Decision Process

A consumer, making a purchase decision will be affected by the following three factors:

1. Personal
2. Psychological
3. Social

The marketer must be aware of these factors in order to develop an appropriate MM for its
target market.

Personal:
Unique to a particular person. Demographic Factors. Sex, Race, Age etc.
Who in the family is responsible for the decision making.
Young people purchase things for different reasons than older people.

Handout...From choices to checkout...


Highlights the differences between male and female shoppers in the supermarket.

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Psychological factors
Psychological factors include:

• Motives-
A motive is an internal energizing force that orients a person's activities toward
satisfying a need or achieving a goal.
Actions are effected by a set of motives, not just one. If marketers can identify
motives then they can better develop a marketing mix.
MASLOW hierarchy of needs!!

o Physiological
o Safety
o Love and Belonging
o Esteem
o Self Actualization

Need to determine what level of the hierarchy the consumers are at to determine what
motivates their purchases.

Handout...Nutriment Debunked...

Nutriment, a product marketed by Bristol-Myers Squibb originally was targeted at


consumers that needed to receive additional energy from their drinks after exercise
etc., a fitness drink. It was therefore targeted at consumers whose needs were for
either love and Belonging or esteem. The product was not selling well, and was almost
terminated. Upon extensive research it was determined that the product did sell well
in inner-city convenience stores. It was determined that the consumers for the product
were actually drug addicts who couldn't not digest a regular meal. They would
purchase Nutriment as a substitute for a meal. Their motivation to purchase was
completely different to the motivation that B-MS had originally thought. These
consumers were at the Physiological level of the hierarchy. BM-S therefore had to
redesign its MM to better meet the needs of this target market.
Motives often operate at a subconscious level therefore are difficult to measure.

• Perception-

What do you see?? Perception is the process of selecting, organizing and interpreting
information inputs to produce meaning. IE we chose what info we pay attention to, organize
it and interpret it.
Information inputs are the sensations received through sight, taste, hearing, smell and touch.

• Selective Exposure-
• Select inputs to be exposed to our awareness. More likely if it is linked to an event,
satisfies current needs, intensity of input changes (sharp price drop).
• Selective Distortion-Changing/twisting current received information, inconsistent
with beliefs.
• Advertisers that use comparative advertisements (pitching one product against
another), have to be very careful that consumers do not distort the facts and perceive

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that the advertisement was for the competitor. A current example...MCI and
AT&T...do you ever get confused?
• Selective Retention-Remember inputs that support beliefs, forgets those that don't.
Average supermarket shopper is exposed to 17,000 products in a shopping visit
lasting 30 minutes-60% of purchases are unplanned. Exposed to 1,500 advertisement
per day. Can't be expected to be aware of all these inputs, and certainly will not retain
many.
• Interpreting information is based on what is already familiar, on knowledge that is
stored in the memory.

Handout...South Africa wine....

Problems marketing wine from South Africa. Consumers have strong perceptions of
the country, and hence its products.

• Ability and Knowledge--

Need to understand individual’s capacity to learn. Learning, changes in a person's


behaviour caused by information and experience. Therefore to change consumers'
behaviour about your product, need to give them new information re: product...free
sample etc.

South Africa...open bottle of wine and pour it!! Also educate American consumers
about changes in SA. Need to sell a whole new country.

When making buying decisions, buyers must process information.


Knowledge is the familiarity with the product and expertise.

Inexperience buyers often use prices as an indicator of quality more than those who
have knowledge of a product.
Non-alcoholic Beer example: consumers chose the most expensive six-pack, because
they assume that the greater price indicates greater quality.

Learning is the process through which a relatively permanent change in behaviour


results from the consequences of past behaviour.

• Attitudes--

Knowledge and positive and negative feelings about an object or activity-maybe


tangible or intangible, living or non- living.....Drive perceptions

Individual learns attitudes through experience and interaction with other people.
Consumer attitudes toward a firm and its products greatly influence the success or
failure of the firm's marketing strategy.

Handout...Oldsmobile.....

Oldsmobile vs. Lexus, due to consumers attitudes toward Oldsmobile (as discovered
by class exercise) need to disassociate Aurora from the Oldsmobile name.

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Exxon Valdez-nearly 20,000 credit cards were returned or cut-up after the tragic oil
spill.

Honda "You meet the nicest people on a Honda", dispel the unsavory image of a
motorbike rider, late 1950s. Changing market of the 1990s, baby boomers aging,
Hondas market returning to hard core. To change this they have a new slogan "Come
ride with us".

Attitudes and attitude change are influenced by consumers personality and lifestyle.

Consumers screen information that conflicts with their attitudes. Distort information
to make it consistent and selectively retain information that reinforces our attitudes.
IE brand loyalty.

There is a difference between attitude and intention to buy (ability to buy).

• Personality--

All the internal traits and behaviour s that make a person unique, uniqueness arrives
from a person's heredity and personal experience. Examples include:

o Workaholics
o Compulsiveness
o Self confidence
o Friendliness
o Adaptability
o Ambitiousness
o Dogmatism
o Authoritarianism
o Introversion
o Extroversion
o Aggressiveness
o Competitiveness.

Traits affect the way people behave. Marketers try to match the store image to the
perceived image of their customers.

There is a weak association between personality and Buying Behaviour, this may be
due to unreliable measures. Nike ads. Consumers buy products that are consistent
with their self concept.

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• Lifestyles--

Recent US trends in lifestyles are a shift towards personal independence and


individualism and a preference for a healthy, natural lifestyle.

Lifestyles are the consistent patterns people follow in their lives.

EXAMPLE healthy foods for a healthy lifestyle. Sun tan not considered fashionable
in US until 1920's. Now an assault by the American Academy of Dermatology.

Social Factors

Consumer wants, learning, motives etc. are influenced by opinion leaders, person's family,
reference groups, social class and culture.

• Opinion leaders--

Spokespeople etc. Marketers try to attract opinion leaders...they actually use (pay)
spokespeople to market their products. Michael Jordon (Nike, McDonalds, Gatorade
etc.)

Can be risky...Michael Jackson...OJ Simpson...Chevy Chase

• Roles and Family Influences--

Role...things you should do based on the expectations of you from your position
within a group.
People have many roles.
Husband, father, employer/ee. Individuals role are continuing to change therefore
marketers must continue to update information.

Family is the most basic group a person belongs to. Marketers must understand:

o that many family decisions are made by the family unit


o consumer behaviour starts in the family unit
o family roles and preferences are the model for children's future family (can
reject/alter/etc)
o family buying decisions are a mixture of family interactions and individual
decision making
o family acts an interpreter of social and cultural values for the individual.

The Family life cycle: families go through stages, each stage creates different
consumer demands:

o bachelor stage...most of BUAD301


o newly married, young, no children...me
o full nest I, youngest child under 6
o full nest II, youngest child 6 or over
o full nest III, older married couples with dependant children

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o empty nest I, older married couples with no children living with them, head in
labor force
o empty nest II, older married couples, no children living at home, head retired
o solitary survivor, in labor force
o solitary survivor, retired
o Modernized life cycle includes divorced and no children.

Handout...Two Income Marriages Are Now the Norm

Because 2 income families are becoming more common, the decision maker within
the family unit is changing...also, family has less time for children, and therefore
tends to let them influence purchase decisions in order to alleviate some of the guilt.
(Children influence about $130 billion of goods in a year) Children also have more
money to spend themselves.

• Reference Groups--

Individual identifies with the group to the extent that he takes on many of the values,
attitudes or behaviour s of the group members.

Families, friends, sororities, civic and professional organizations.


Any group that has a positive or negative influence on a person’s attitude and
behaviour.
Membership groups (belong to)
Affinity marketing is focused on the desires of consumers that belong to reference
groups. Marketers get the groups to approve the product and communicate that
approval to its members. Credit Cards etc.!!

Aspiration groups (want to belong to)


Disassociate groups (do not want to belong to)
Honda, tries to disassociate from the "biker" group.

The degree to which a reference group will affect a purchase decision depends on an
individual’s susceptibility to reference group influence and the strength of his/her
involvement with the group.

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• Social Class--

An open group of individuals who have similar social rank. US is not a classless
society. US criteria; occupation, education, income, wealth, race, ethnic groups and
possessions.

Social class influences many aspects of our lives. IE upper middle class Americans
prefer luxury cars Mercedes.

o Upper Americans-upper-upper class, .3%, inherited wealth, aristocratic names.


o Lower-upper class, 1.2%, newer social elite, from current professionals and
corporate elite
o Upper-middle class, 12.5%, college graduates, managers and professionals
o Middle Americans-middle class, 32%, average pay white collar workers and
blue collar friends
o Working class, 38%, average pay blue collar workers
o Lower Americans-lower class, 9%, working, not on welfare
o Lower-lower class, 7%, on welfare

Social class determines to some extent, the types, quality, quantity of products that a
person buys or uses.

Lower class people tend to stay close to home when shopping, do not engage in much
prepurchase information gathering.
Stores project definite class images.

Family, reference groups and social classes are all social influences on consumer
behaviour . All operate within a larger culture.

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• Culture and Sub-culture-

Culture refers to the set of values, ideas, and attitudes that are accepted by a
homogenous group of people and transmitted to the next generation.

Culture also determines what is acceptable with product advertising. Culture


determines what people wear, eat, reside and travel. Cultural values in the US are
good health, education, individualism and freedom. In american culture time scarcity
is a growing problem. IE change in meals. Big impact on international marketing.

Handout...Will British warm up to iced tea?

No...but that is my opinion!!...Tea is a part of the British culture, hot with milk.

Different society, different levels of needs, different cultural values.

Culture can be divided into subcultures:

o geographic regions
o human characteristics such as age and ethnic background.

IE West Coast, teenage and Asian American.

Culture effects what people buy, how they buy and when they buy.

Understanding Consumer Buying Behaviour offers consumers greater satisfaction . We must


assume that the company has adopted the Marketing Concept and are consumer oriented.

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CHAPTER 7

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY AND SOUCES OF DATA

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Definition of Research

Research is the systematic activity to achieve the truth. It includes the identification of
study area, the procedure for collecting data, analyzing the data, and finding the conclusion.
Research in common parlance refers to a search for knowledge. Research is considered to be
more objective, methodical, well-determined scientific process of investigation.

According to Fred Kerlinger, “Research is an organized enquiry designed and carried out to
provide information for solving a problem”.

Objective of Research

1) Research Extends Knowledge.

2) Research Unravels the Mysteries of Nature.

3) Research Establishes Generalist ions and General Laws.

4) Research Verifies and Tests.

5) General Law Developed through Research.

6) Research Analyse Inter-relationship.

7) Research Aids and Planning.

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TYPE OF RESEARCH

• Descriptive research

A descriptive research is concerned with conditions, practices, structures, differences or


relationships that exist, opinions held processes that are going on or trends that are evident.

• Analytical research

Analytical research is a specific type of research that involves critical thinking skills and the
evaluation of facts and information relative to the research being conducted.

• Applied research

Applied research aims at finding solution for immediate problem facing a society or a
business organization. The certain aim of applied research is to discover a solution for some
facing practical problem.

• Fundamental research

It is mainly concerned with generalization & with the formulation of a theory. Basic
research is directed toward finding that has abroad base of application & adds to already
existing organized body of scientific knowledge.

• Quantitative research

Quantitative research is about asking people for their opinions in a structured way so that you
can produce hard facts and statistics to guide you. To get reliable statistical results, it's
important to survey people in fairly large numbers and to make sure they are a representative
sample of your target market.

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• Qualitative research

Qualitative research is the approach usually associated with the social constructivist paradigm
which emphasizes the socially constructed nature of reality.

• Empirical research

Empirical research is research using empirical evidence. It is a way of gaining knowledge by


means of direct and indirect observation or experience. Empiricism values
such research more than other kinds.

• Descriptive Research

Descriptive research is a fact‐finding investigation with adequate interpretation. It is more spe


cific as it focuses on the particular aspects or dimension of the problem studied. It is designed
to gather descriptive information. The main purpose of the descriptive research is the descrip
tion of the state of affairs as it exists at present. The main characteristics of the descriptive res
earch are that the researcer has no control over the variables; he can only report what has hap
pened or what is happening. The dataare collected by using one or more appropriate methods
i.e. observation, interview, and questionare.

• Exploratory Research

It is the research in which the development of hypothesis is more important than


testing.Exploratory research is preliminary study of an unfamiliar problem about which the re
searcher has little or no knowledge. It is illstructured and much focused on the predetermined
objectives. It is usually takes the form of a pilot study. It is the separate type of research, it is
appropriate to consider or contributes a three stage process of exploration , description and ex
perimentation. The purpose of an exploratory study may be:

To generate new ideas

• To increase the researcher’s familiarity with the problem

• To gather information for clarifying concepts

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• An exploratory research does not aim at testing hypothesis but it just attempt s to see what
is there rather than to predict the relationships that will be founded.

• SAMPLING

Sampling is the process of electing units from a population of interest so that by studying the
sample may fairly generalize our results back to the population from which they were chosen.
A sampling is a part of the total population. It can be an individual element or a group of
elements selected from the population.

Sampling method: Simple Random Sampling and Stratified Random Sampling

Sampling
methods

Non-
Probability
probability
sampling
sampling

Convenience
Simple Starified
purposive
random random
Quota
sampling sampling
sampling

Probability Sampling: Simple Random Sampling Stratified Random Sampling, Multi-Stage


Sampling

• What is each and how is it done?

• How do we decide which to use?

• How do we analyse the results differently depending on the type of sampling?


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Non-probability Sampling: Why don't we use non-probability sampling schemes? Two


reasons:

• We can't use the mathematics of probability to analyses the results.

• In general, we can't count on a non-probability sampling scheme to produce


representative samples.

In mathematical statistics books (for courses that assume you have already taken a probability
course):

• Described as assumptions about random variables

• Sampling with replacement versus sampling without replacement

Simple Random Sampling: A simple random sample (SRS) of size n is produced by a scheme
which ensures that each subgroup of the population of size n has an equal probability of being
chosen as the sample.

Stratified Random Sampling: Divide the population into "strata". There can be any number of
these. Then choose a simple random sample from each stratum. Combine those into the
overall sample. That is a stratified random sample. (Example: Church A has 600 women and
400 men as members. One way to get a stratified random sample of size 30 is to take a SRS
of 18 women from the 600 women and another SRS of 12 men from the 400 men.)

Multi-Stage Sampling: Sometimes the population is too large and scattered for it to be
practical to make a list of the entire population from which to draw a SRS. For instance,
when the polling organization samples US voters, they do not do a SRS. Since voter lists are
compiled by counties, they might first do a sample of the counties and then sample within the
selected counties.

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Table

1 Type of research Descriptive

2 Research area NASHIK

3 Sampling unit Wefas Ayurved Pvt Ltd

Primary data: Interview, Observation

4 Source for collection of data Secondary data: websites, manuals.

5 Analysis of data Average method

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DATA COLLECTION AND TECHNIQUIES

In order to collect the required information for the project the following methods were
adopted.

Primary Data

The primary data will be collected from the managerial personnel, executives, staff and
customers –

1) Discussion

2) Questionnaire

3) Obervations etc.

Secondary Data

The secondary data related to financial analysis is collected through the following sources.

1) Audit Report

2) From the website available on net.

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METHOD OF DATA COLLECTION

PRIMARY SOURCES SECONDARY SOURCES

OBSERVATION ANNUAL ACCOUNT,


METHOD WEBSITE,
NEWSPAPER

QUESTIONNAIRE

INTERNET

REFRENCE OF BOOKS

• Techniques of analysis of data

1) Simple trend analysis –

Trend analysis is the practice of collecting information and attempting to spot a pattern, or
trend, in the information.

2) Percentage analysis –

Percentage analysis is the method to represent raw streams of data as a percentage for
better understanding of collected data.

3) Graphical presentation –

A graphical presentation represent a highly developed body of techniques for elucidating,


interpreting and analyzing numerical facts by means of points, lines, areas and other
geometric forms and symbols.

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LIMITATION OF STUDY:

No matter how efficiently the study is conducted and developed, every study has certain
limitations. The limitations are the matters and occurrences which are out of researcher’s
control. Similarly, in this study it is possible to identify certain limitations.

The following are some of the limitations that can be identified in this research: -

• Approximately 90 per cent of the information has been gathered exclusively by the way of
personal canvassing of a questionnaire which is used in the present study. Therefore, the data
so collected is prone to error of response to some degree or other.

• The questionnaire is filled by the respondents and respondents may not feel confident in
providing the accurate and honest answers. For example, male respondents seldom reveal
their real income.

• It is difficult to test the reliability of the answers so obtained as there is lack of analytical
tools to do so.

• 15 per cent of the respondents have failed to provide the data.

• The respondents were in a hurry to fill the questionnaire and thus this adds to a certain
amount of unreliability.

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CHAPTER 8

CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTIONS

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Conclusion:

Consumer buying behaviours is very importance in the industry because consumers will
make many buying decisions every day. There are many consumer buying decisions in great
detail to answer questions about what consumers buy, where they buy, how and how much
they buy, when they buy, and why they buy. Marketers can study actual consumer purchases
to find out what they buy, where, and how much.

Beside that, McDonald gives me much knowledge and helps me done my coursework. I want
thank for McDonalds company. Normally, I don’t know any information about consumer
buying behaviours work for the success in the McDonald. After me checking in the web-side
and find more information about the consumer buying behaviours factor will work for the
success in the industry so now I know already. I know how to provide good service and give
good impression in front of customer.

Many people like to go McDonalds because they provide many type of delicious food. By the
way, they also provide good service and beautiful environment to let customer enjoy. For
example, people like to go there charting, online meeting with friend and so on. You can feel
so relax and enjoy at there.

Finally consumer buying behaviours is very important. Consumer buying behaviour also
involves services and ideas as well as tangible products. The impact of consumer behaviour
on society is also of relevance. For example, aggressive marketing of high fat foods, or
aggressive marketing of easy credit, may have serious repercussions for the national health
and economy.

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Suggestion :

There are several suggestions from me, there are as follow:

➢ Wefas Ayurved Pvt Ltd L should also give more attention to sell online on B2B website
for increasing international inquiry.
➢ To increase market area. Eg. All over world
➢ Product line should increase.
➢ To develop effective communication that can build the healthy relation with customer
➢ To opening speck about product
➢ To create more and more open environment for product to people who can talk about it.

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CHAPTER 9

BIBLIOGRAPHY

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BIBLIOGRAPHY
BOOKS Assael Henry (2006). Consumer Behaviour and Marketing Action. (New York : Thomson
Learning)
Baroota K.D. (2008). Experimental Design in Behavioural Research. (New Delhi : New Age
International (P) Limited)
Gupta S.P. (2007). Statistical Methods. (New Delhi : S. Chand and Sons)
Hawkins De., Best Roger J. and Caney Kenneth A. (1996). Consumer Behaviour. (New Delhi : Tata Mc
Graw Hill Publishing Co. (P) Ltd.)
Kotler Philip (2000). Marketing Management. (New Delhi : Prentice Hall of India (P.) Ltd.)

DOCTORAL THESIS :

Gupta, Soma Sen (2001). „Buyer‟s Perception of Product Quality – A Study of Select Dimensions‟.
Unpublished Ph.D. Thesis. University of Delhi. Delhi.
Hundal, B.S. (2001). „Consumer Behaviour in Rural Market : A Study of Durables.‟ Unpublished Ph.D.
Thesis. Guru Nanak Dev University. Amritsar.
Kapoor, S. (2001). „Family Influence on Purchase Decisions – A study with Reference to Consumer
Durables.‟ Unpublished Ph.D. Thesis. University of Delhi. Delhi.
Kaur, P. (2003). „Dynamics of Purchase Decision Making in Families. A Study of Consumer Durable.‟
Unpublished Ph.D. Thesis. Guru Nanak Dev University. Amritsar.
Singh, Kamaljeet (2006). „Youth Leadership in Rural India-A Comparative Study of Bathinda and
Jalandhar Districts.‟ Unpublished Ph.D. Thesis. Punjabi University. Patiala.
Singla, B.B. (2005). „Nucleus Marketing : Analysis of An Emerging Marketing Approach.‟ Unpublished
Ph.D. Thesis. Punjabi University. Patiala.
Vasudeva, Anupama. (1999). „Brand Loyalty and Marketing Strategy for Consumer Non Durables : A
Study of Households in Punajb and Chandigarh‟. Unpublished Ph.D. Thesis. Punjabi University.
Patiala.

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NEWS PAPERS:
Bhaskar Network (2008). „Children‟s Pocket Money Increases Six Times in Last Ten Years‟. Dainik
Bhaskar. (April, 19)
Bhaskar Network (2008). „School of Money‟. Dainik Bhaskar. (November, 11)
Mishra Lata (2009). „Matching Craze in Teenagers‟. Dainik Bhaskar. (July, 18)
Sachdeva Seema (2009). „Going Solo‟. Saturday Extra, The Tribune. (April, 25)

RESEARCH PAPERS/ARTICLES :
❖ Ahuja, R.D.B. and K.M. Stinson (1993). „Female-Headed Single Parent Families! An
Exploratory Study of Children‟s Influence in Family Decision Making.‟ Advances in Consumer
Research. 20. 469-474.

❖ Alda Heunis (2003). „Responsible Marketing to Kids‟ Public Relations News. (August). from
http://www.biz_community.com Atkin, C. (1978) „Observation of Parent-Child Interaction in
Supermarket Decision-Making.‟ Journal of Marketing. 42. (October). 41-45.

❖ Bahn, K.D. (1986). „How and When Do Brand Perceptions and Preferences First Form? A
Cognitive Developmental Investigation.‟ Journal of Consumer Research. 13. (December).
382-393.

❖ Beatty, Sharon E. and S. Talpade (1994). „Adolescent Influence in Family Decision-Making: A


Replication with Extension.‟ Journal of consumer research. 21. (September). 332-341.

❖ Becker, W.C. (1964). „Consequences of Different Kinds of Parental Discipline.‟ Review of


Child Development. I, M.L. Hoffman and L.W. Hoffman (Eds.), New York : Russel sage. 169-
204. [cited in Carlson and Grossbart (1988)].

❖ Belch, G., M.A. Belch, and G. Ceresino (1985). „Parental and Teenage Influences in Family
Decision-Making.‟ Journal of Business Research. 13. (April). 163-176.

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STATISTICAL PUBLICATION :
Government of Punjab (2001). Statistical Abstract of Punjab, Economic Advisor to Punjab Govt.,
Chandigarh.

WEB SITES:
Asia Women Simmering within Study‟ (1998). Inter Press Service. (September)
http://www.expressindia.com „Catch‟emyoung : Kids as Customers‟ (2001). The Times of
India. http://timesofIndia.indiatimes.com/article.show/1193901519.cms.
Children and Advertising fact sheet‟ (2002). National Institute on Media and the Family.
http://www.mediafamilyfact.org/facts/childadv.shtml.
Just the Facts about Advertising and Marketing to Children‟. www.google.com.
Marketing and Sales Management‟. (2003). Business Management Club.
http://www.bestbusinessinfo.com
New Consumers? Children, Fashion and Consumption‟
http:/www.consume.bbk.ac.uk/research/pole_full.html
„Women Call the Shots on Buying and Maintaining the Family Car!‟ Auto Net Direct.
http://www.autodirect.com.
www.altavista.com
www.bathinda.nic.in
www.ludhiana.nic.in
www.managermentor.com
www.msn.com

The End Of Project Report

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