 Distinguish and describe the three types of

elements, compounds, mixtures.

 Important of element, compound, and mixture.
 Usage of element,compound and mixture.
 Define pure and impure materials.
 Give some examples of elements, mixtures, and
compounds.
 Explain the different properties of each group
of materials.
 ELEMENT
 COMPOUND
 MIXTURE
 A chemical element is a substance that cannot
be broken down by chemical means.
 Elements are defined by the number
of protons they possess. Atoms of an element
all have the same number of protons, but they
can have different numbers of electrons and
neutrons. Changing the ratio of electrons to
protons creates ions, while changing the
number of neutrons form isotopes.
 A chemical element is a substance that cannot
be further broken down by any chemical
reaction.
 Each element has a unique number of protons
in its atom. For example, a hydrogen atom has
1 proton, while a carbon atom has 6 protons.
 Varying the number of electrons in an atom of
an element produces ions. Changing the
number of neutrons produces isotopes.
 There are 118 known elements.
 Any of the types of atoms listed on the periodic
table is an example of an element, including:
 copper
 cesium
 iron
 neon
 krypton
 proton - technically a lone proton qualifies as
an example of the element hydrogen
 If more than one type of atom is present, a
substance is not an element. Compounds and
alloys are not elements. Similarly, groups of
electrons and neutrons are not elements. A
particle must contain protons to be an example
of an element. Non-elements include:
 water (composed of hydrogen and oxygen
atoms)
 steel
 electrons
 brass (composed of multiple types of metal
atoms)
 Several terms are commonly used to
characterize the general physical and chemical
properties of the chemical elements. A first
distinction is between metals, which readily
conduct electricity, nonmetals, which do not,
and a small group, (the metalloids), having
intermediate properties and often behaving
as semiconductors.
 Hydrogen, Carbon, Nitrogen, Sodium,
Potassium, Aluminium, Sulphur, Oxygen,
Neon, Zinc, Copper, Iron, Mercury, Chlorine,
Radium, Gold, Silver…. and many more. You
could see the periodic table.
 A compound contains atoms of different
elements chemically combined together in a
fixed ratio.
 A compound is represented using its chemical
formula that represents the symbols of its
constituent elements and the number of atoms
of each element in one molecule of the
compound.
 Compounds contain different elements in a
fixed ratio arranged in a defined manner
through chemical bonds. They contain only one
type of molecule. Elements that compose the
compound are chemically combined.
 Water (H2O), Sodium chloride (NaCl), Sodium
bicarbonate (NaHCO3) etc
 A compound can be separated into simpler
substances by chemical methods/reactions
 A huge, virtually limitless, number of chemical
compounds can be created. Compounds are
classified into molecular compounds, ionic
compounds, intermetallic compounds and
complexes.
 Compounds are composed of different elements in
a fixed proportion. For example, 1 atom of sodium
(Na) combines with 1 atom of chlorine (Cl) to form
one molecule of sodium chloride (NaCl)
compound. The elements in a compound do not
always retain their original properties and cannot
be separated by physical means. The combining of
elements is facilitated by their valency. Valency is
defined as the number of hydrogen atoms required
that can combine with an atom of the element
forming the compound. Most compounds can exist
as solids (low enough temperatures) and can be
decomposed by the application of heat
 substances mix together but not via atomic bonds.
: Water, Carbon dioxide, Sugar
 The gases of hydrogen, nitrogen and
 2 atoms of their element
 Mixture is a material made up of two or more
different substances which are physically
combined. A mixture is the physical
combination of two or more substances in
which the identities are retained and are mixed
in the form
of solutions, suspensions and colloids.
 Mixtures are one product of mechanically
blending or mixing chemical substances such
as elements and compounds,
 Mixtures can be
either homogeneous or heterogeneous
 Air is a homogeneous mixture of the gaseous
substances nitrogen, oxygen, and smaller
amounts of other substances. Salt, sugar, and
many other substances dissolve in water to
form homogeneous mixtures. A homogeneous
mixture in which there is both
a solute and solvent present is also a solution.
Mixtures can have any amounts of ingredients.
 Mixtures are unlike chemical compounds, because:
 The substances in a mixture can be separated using
physical methods such as filtration, freezing, and
distillation.
 There is little or no energy change when a mixture
forms.
 Mixtures have variable compositions, while
compounds have a fixed, definite formula.
 When mixed, individual substances keep their
properties in a mixture, while if they form a
compound their properties can change.
 mixture is a mixture of two or more chemical
substances (elements or compounds).
 mixtures of sand and water or sand and iron
filings, a conglomerate rock, water and oil, a
portion salad, trail mix,
and concrete (not cement). A mixture of
powdered silver metal and powdered gold metal
would represent a heterogeneous mixture of two
elements.
 Making a distinction
between homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures
is a matter of the scale of sampling. On a coarse
enough scale, any mixture can be said to be
homogeneous,
Mixtures are often referred to as homogeneous or
heterogeneous


 Homogeneous mixtures (Solutions) have
a uniform distribution.
 For example: Tea, Perfume, Air
 Heterogeneous mixtures
 do not have a uniform distribution.
 Parts are often visible
 For example:
Salad, Beach Sand,
Oil and Vinegar dressing
  The diagram below shows how two elements
can be mixed together…Which is a
Compound? A Mixture?
Compound
 C.

A.

B.
D.
Elements, Compounds, and Mixtures
Matching Pairs Activity
[see resources
 The purmixture retains its chemical
integrity and mixtures are separable into their components
by physical pose of the lab is
to become familiar with the methods of separating
substances from one another using
decantation, extraction, and sublimation techniques.
Mixtures occur in everyday life in materials
that are not uniform in composition. These mixtures are said
to be impure or heterogeneous.
Mixtures result when two or more substances that do not
react chemically are combined. The two
fundamental properties of mixtures are: each of the
substances in the means. A heterogeneous
mixture is not uniform throughout. An impure substance is
a mixture with one substance in it
that far exceeds the amounts of the other substances in the
mixture.
 THANKS