FINGERPRINT RECOGNITION BY MINUTIA

MATCHING

Dilruba Sharmeen
Student ID: 06310047

Department of Computer Science and Engineering

January 2008
 DECLARATION

In accordance with the requirements of the degree of Bachelor of

Electronics and Communication Engineering in the Division of Computer
Science and Engineering, I am presenting this thesis paper entitled,
‘FINGERPRINT RECOGNITION BY MINUTIA MATCHING’. This project
has been performed under the supervisor of Dr. Tarik Ahmed Chowdhury.

I hereby declare that this thesis is based on the results found by

myself. Materials of work found by other researcher are mentioned by
reference. This thesis, neither in whole nor in part, has been previously
submitted for any degree.

Signature of Signature of

Supervisor Author

(Dr. Tarik Ahmed Chowdhury) (Dilruba Sharmeen)

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 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

At first my heartiest gratitude goes to Almighty Allah, without his

divine blessing it would not be possible for me to complete this project
successfully. To make the thesis feasible and giving the opportunity to
work on such a different and experimental project I would like to express
my great gratefulness towards my supervisor Dr. Tarik Ahmed Chowdhury
who has given me suggestion, support and assist to a great extent at all
times.

I also would like to thank all others who gave me support for the
thesis or in other aspects of my study at BRAC UNIVERSITY.

Author: Dilruba Sharmeen

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 ABSTRACT

In this thesis a current technique for fingerprint recognition has

been investigated. It includes image preprocessing, feature extraction,
post processing and feature match. For each sub-task some methods like-
Image enhancement, image binarization, image segmentation and some
morphological operations has analyzed. Based on the analysis, an
integrated solution for fingerprint recognition is developed for
demonstration.

The demonstration program has coded using MATLAB 7.1. The

performances have shown by experiments conducted upon a variety of
fingerprint images. Also, the experiments illustrate the key issues of
fingerprint recognition that are consistent with this conversation.

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title Page
Declaration ii
Acknowledgements iii
Abstract iv
Table of Contents v- vi
List of Tables vii
List of Figure viii

Chapter 1 1
1.0 Introduction 1
1.1 Introduction to Biometrics 1
1.1.1 Biometric System 1
1.1.2 Why Fingerprints are so Good for use in Biometrics? 2-3
1.2. Introduction to Fingerprints 4
1.2.1 What is a Fingerprint? 4
1.3 Fingerprint Patterns 6
1.4 What is Fingerprint Recognition? 7
1.4.1 What is the scheme to avoid False Rejection in a Fingerprint Authentication? 9

1.4.2 How do wounds affect Fingerprint Recognition? 9

1.5 Three Approaches for fingerprint Recognition 9

Chapter 2
2.0 Minutia based other Techniques 12
2.1 Direct gray-Scale Minutia Extraction 12
2.2 Minutia Matching with Pre-Alignment 13-14
2.3 Minutia Matching Avoiding Alignment 15

Chapter 3
3.0 System Design 16
3.1 System Level Design 16
3.1.1 Fingerprint Sensing and Storage 16-17
3.1.2 Which type of Sensor is the best? 18
3.2 Algorithm Level Design 18

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 Chapter 4
4.0 Fingerprint Image Pre-Processing 21
4.1 Fingerprint Image Enhancement 21-25
4.2 Fingerprint Image Binarization 25-26
4.3 Fingerprint Image Segmentation 26
4.3.1 Morpholpgy 27

Chapter 5
5.0 Minutia Extraction 28
4.1 4. 5.1 Fingerprint Ridge Thinning 28
5.2 Connected Component-Labeling 29
5.3 Minutia Marking 30
5.4 Average Inter Ridge Width 31

Chapter 6
6.0 Fingerprint Image Post-Processing 32
6.1 False Minutia Removal 32-36
6.2 Unify Minutia Representation Feature Vectors 36

Chapter 7
7.0 Minutia Match 39
7.1 Match Period 39
7.1.1 Alignment Stage 39-41
66.1.2 7.1.2 Match Stage 42

Chapter 8
8.0 Performance Measurement 43-44
8.1 Experimentation Results 45
8.1.1 Evaluation for Changed Images 45-47
8.1.2 Evaluation for Different Images 47-49

Chapter 9
9.0 Conclusion 50
9.1 Future Work 50

References 51

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 LIST OF TABLES

Table Page

Table1: Match results of Changed Images………………………… 46-47

Table2: Match results of Different Images…………………………. 48

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 LIST OF FIGURES

No of FIGURES Page No

Figure- 1.1.1 02
Figure- 1.2.1 04
Figure- 1.2.2 06
Figure- 1.2.3 06
Figure- 1.3.1 07
Figure- 1.4.0 07
Figure- 2.1.1 12
Figure- 2.1.2 13
Figure- 3.1.0 16
Figure- 3.1.1 17
Figure- 3.2.1 19
Figure- 3.2.2 19
Figure- 4.1.1 22
Figure- 4.1.2 23
Figure- 4.1.3 24
Figure- 4.2.1 26
Figure- 4.3.1 27
Figure- 5.1.1 28
Figure- 5.2.1 30
Figure- 5.3.1 31
Figure- 5.3.2 31
Figure- 6.1.1 33
Figure- 6.1.2 33
Figure- 6.1.3 35
Figure- 6.1.4 36
Figure- 6.2.1 37
Figure- 6.2.2 38
Figure- 8.1.1 45
Figure- 8.2.1 47

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