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Understanding Culture, Society and Politics
Understanding Culture, Society and Politics
Understanding Culture, Society and Politics
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Welcome to the Understanding Culture, Society and Politics for Grade 11 Alternative
Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on Nature, Goals and Perspectives in Anthropology,
Sociology and Political Science (MELC 1).
This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators both
from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or facilitator in helping
the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while overcoming their
personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.
This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims to help
learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into consideration their
needs and circumstances.
In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of
the module:
As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module. You
also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to manage their
own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist the learners as
they do the tasks included in the module.
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Welcome to the Understanding Culture, Society and Politics for Grade 11 Alternative
Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on Nature, Goals and Perspectives in Anthropology,
Sociology and Political Science (MELC 1).
The hand is one of the most symbolized part of the human body. It is often used to
depict skill, action and purpose. Through our hands we may learn, create and
accomplish. Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies that you as a learner is
capable and empowered to successfully achieve the relevant competencies and skills
at your own pace and time. Your academic success lies in your own hands!
This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for
guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled to
process the contents of the learning resource while being an active learner.
What I Need to Know This will give you an idea of the skills or
competencies you are expected to learn in
the module.
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what you learned from the lesson.
1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the
module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are not
alone.
We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and
gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!
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What I Need to Know
This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you master
the nature of Understanding Culture Society and Politics. The scope of this module
permits it to be used in many different learning situations. The language used
recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow
the standard sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them can be
changed to correspond with the textbook you are now using.
The module is about the Nature, Goals and Perspectives in Anthropology, Sociology
and Political Science
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What I Know
General Direction: Read the following items carefully. Write the letter that
corresponds to your answer on a separate sheet of paper.
For numbers 1-4, identify the branch of science described in each item. Choose your
answer from the given choices below:
a. Anthropology b. Sociology c. Political Science
For numbers 5-8, identify the most appropriate discipline to be used in the following
research scenarios and recent development that happened in our country. Choose
your answer from the given choices below:
a. Anthropology b. Sociology c. Geography d. Political Science
For numbers 9-15, choose the best answer for each item.
9. A researcher chose to write about indigenous people in Mindanao and he
described them using some concepts such as kinship, gender and power. He
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tried to compare them to other groups of people. Which of the following fields of
science did the statement above portray?
a. Anthropology c. Political science
b. History d. Sociology
10. It entails political ideas, ideologies, institutions, policies, processes, laws,
strategy, and war.
a. Anthropology c. Sociology
b. Philosophy d. Political science
11.Food habits like the way of cooking foods, habits of dressing up, relationship
with family members or with in-laws, and many others are some of the focuses
of this anthropological field.
a. Biological anthropology c. Cultural & social anthropology
b. Archaeology d. Linguistics
12. Society and culture is indeed connected with one another, all encompassing,
meaning we visualize culture and society as a complex whole. The following
descriptions below clearly explain how culture, society, and politics are
interrelated with one another, except for one. Which description is it?
a. People interact meaningfully with one another and observe social
norms as members of the society.
b. The culture of a society encompasses the meaningful processes and
products of social interactions.
c. People interact in society as individuals and as group with duties and
privileges.
d. Members of the society are not active in the engagement in political
activities.
13. Which of the following statement is NOT a definition of the word anthropology?
a. This is the study of ancient societies and their cultural traditions.
b. It comes from the Greek words anthropos meaning “humankind,” and
logos meaning “study.”
c. It studies the ways in which cultural traditions of different groups of
people have changed over the years.
d. This deals with the scientific study of human interactions, social groups
and institutions, and the whole society.
14. In social science, the study of the biological evolution of man is important
because it provides explanations on the reason behind the biological variations
among contemporary human population. Which field of social science is
discussed in the said statement?
a. Archeology c. Biological anthropology
b. Ethnology d. Linguistics
15. A group of people is responsible for discovering and digging up old
communities. Based on the fossils and artifacts found during the excavation,
they try to put these pieces of evidence together to describe the community, its
people, their culture, and traditions. Who do you think are these people?
a. Archeologists c. Ethnologists
b. Historians d. Sociologists
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What’s In
Before we proceed, let us go back with some of the important concepts about
culture that is the main focus of our discussion.
#Walang Forever –
Change is inevitable because it is the law of nature. Similarly, society does not
remain static. It changes, as the world continues to change, most especially with the
advent of new discoveries in science and technology. It is not new to us how our ways
of life before is no longer the ways of life of today’s generation. People should be open
for changes. It is very important that we understand and accept the challenges these
changes are imposing on us and recognize all the factors that brought these changes.
Since change is already happening at present, let us realize how social change
occurs because of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Tell the changes on some aspects
of your life by completing the table below.
View of the
world
Priorities in
life
Relationships
with others
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What’s New
#PIN-POINT
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Using the given illustration above, identify the concepts that you can relate to
culture, society and politics.
After doing the activity, give your own definition of culture, society and politics.
Culture
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
______________
Society
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
______________
Politics
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
______________
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We are now ready to engage in discussing our new
lesson in this module
What is It
In this part of your journey, we provide something for you to deepen your
understanding about culture.
A lot of us are likely confused with the difference between sociology and
anthropology. Confusion might come from their commonalities as the two are dealing
with society and culture. Both of them study human behavior and the different factors
that affects our social relations. Since these two fields are most likely similar to each
other, let us first draw out its differences
To find out the difference between anthropology and sociology, let us study the
similar and various concepts between each field below:
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Anthropology Sociology
Answers the What does it mean to be How do we study society?
question.. human? What are the things that you
Who are you? think influence your life?
Where do you come from? What is life to people living in
places with different culture and
behavior?
Where did it Anthropology started as a Sociology emerged as an
started? science during the time of academic field right at the height
exploration when European of Industrial Revolution in Europe
countries started to colonize which mobilized the entire
what they considered as population in a way that had
primitive societies where people never been before in human
were believed to be savages and history. These era had brought
barbaric. great changes in the way people
live in a society.
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subject of study for a long society.
period of time in order to make Sociologists use qualitative
their writings more reliable and research method in doing their
credible. studies.
Subjects of Biological anthropology refers to Anything in a society that
Inquiry the study of human origins influences people’s lives can be
(genetics, race, evolutions, subjects of inquiry, like different
fossils, primates). social phenomena, issues, and
Cultural anthropology is the problems.
study of living people (religion,
social system, language, Sociologists can also look into
clothing, foods, beliefs, things that influence life like
traditions, etc). family background, socio-
Linguistics is the study of economic status, ethnicity, social
language, its evolution, its classes, religion, gender, beliefs,
connection to other languages, traditions, norms, among others.
and others. Some fields are social
Archeology refers to the study organization, social psychology,
of dead culture (religion, social applied sociology, and human
system, language, how they ecology.
dress, foods, beliefs, traditions,
etc).
Goals The goals of anthropology are The goals of Sociology are the
the following: following:
- See the commonalities -Obtain possible theories and
among people (tradition, principles about society as well
language, kinship, etc). as various aspects of social life.
- Look at what makes us the - Study the nature of humanity
same to understand more to further examine our roles
about human nature. within a society.
- Discover what makes people - Appreciate that all things in
different from each other in society are interdependent.
order to understand and - Expose our minds to different
preserve diversity. perspectives in attaining truth.
- Produce new knowledge and
new theories about mankind
and behavior.
- Look at one’s own culture
more objectively.
After finding out the difference between anthropology and sociology, let us now
proceed with another discipline in social science that plays another important role in
our life.
Politics impacts our lives directly or indirectly, whether we are aware of its
effects or not. If there is a crime that took place, we call a police, and this scheme is
part of government. If there was a fire that occured, we call the fire department, and
that’s also a part of government. Military is government as well, let alone our civil
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liberty and our rights which have influences on us daily. In school, you were asked to
read by heart the Constitution. When you are apprehended by an authority, you asked
your violation and insisted on your legal rights. Even inside your house, there are still
set of rules that are being enforced and followed. All these things are related to a field
called Political Science.
Description/Explanation
Origin - The study of political science was started by the ancient
Greeks.
- Aristotle on his book “Politics” stated that Man is a political
animal. It means that it is our nature to live in a society
and to have power over another.
Concepts - Political Science is the systematic study of government,
politics, and political power.
- It is often defined as who gets what, when, where and how.
Subjects of - political theory, philosopy and different political ideologies
Inquiry - public management
- human rights
- international relations and foreign policies
Goals - Make people a better citizens.
- Keep social order and harmony among different group of
people.
- Protect the rights of an individual.
- Avoid conflict and promote cooperation.
What’s More
Find your own social location by creating your own social map. Fill up every
important feature given on each box to understand yourself better.
Race Religion
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Gender
Language/Dialect
Activity 2
Archaeology is a branch of anthropology that studies the culture of dead people.
Archaeologists rely on the pieces of evidence that they exhumed from discovered old
cities and civilizations. We learn many things about our past based on their findings.
Today, people can store information digitally and put it in formats that can last
for a long period. In relation, let us do an activity by describing yourself to the future
generation through clues about you and the present society where you live.
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Drawing or picture of two objects that represent your society with explanation
__________________________ __________________________
__________________________ __________________________
__________________________ __________________________
“T-M-L Phrase
It Matters because
______________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________
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What I Can Do
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Assessment
General Direction: Read the following items carefully. Write the letter that
corresponds to your answer on a separate sheet of paper.
For numbers 1-4, identify the branch of science described in each item. Choose your
answer from the given choices below:
a. Anthropology b. Political Science c. Sociology
1. Its goal is to look for the similarities and differences among the culture of
societies around the world. In doing so, we could be able to understand more
about human nature, and be more tolerant on other people’s behavior and
actions.
2. This is the study of society, patterns of social interactions, and culture of
everyday life.
3. Its main concern is to learn how to use power over others to maintain social
order and harmony among citizens.
4. If we want to know why certain social phenomena happened, such as the
television program Eat Bulaga’s Kalyeserye gaining millions of tweets
worldwide, this field of social science answers these occurrences.
For numbers 5-8, identify the most appropriate discipline to be used in the following
research scenarios and recent development that happened in our country. Choose
your answer from the given choices below:
a. Anthropology c. Political Science
b. Geography d. Sociology
5. Framing legislative policies abolishing or limiting political dynasties all over the
Philippines
6. Preservation of cultural diversity and respect for traditions in this period of
globalization
7. Referendum was held in selected provinces comprising the old Bangsamoro
republic for the ratification of the Bangsamoro Organic Basic Law. This was
done to promote development, peace, and order in their locality.
8. Exchange of culture and ideas in the macro level and breakdown of families in
the micro level as a result of economic migration by Filipino workers
For numbers 9-15, choose the best answer for each item.
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9. Food habits like the way of cooking foods, habits of dressing up, relationship
with family members or with in-laws, and many others are some of the focuses
of this anthropological field.
a. Archaeology c. Linguistics
b. Biological anthropology d. Cultural & social anthropology
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Additional Activities
i-classify-it
Sociology and anthropology are social science disciplines that focus on studying
the behavior of humans within their societies. The main difference between the two
concepts is that sociology concentrates on society (social institutions/structures)
while anthropology focuses on culture. With this, identify the following statements
below if it is a scenario related to sociology or anthropology. The words in bold letters
serve as your clue.
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#i-scrutinize
2. What happened when statements are broken down and grouped together into
anthropology or sociology? Does it still give you a clear picture of culture and
society?
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
3. What do you think is the importance of the combined role of anthropology and
sociology in understanding the culture of other people?
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
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Answer Key
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References
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