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Virtualize 3d Professional Graphics Design Guide
Virtualize 3d Professional Graphics Design Guide
Virtualize 3D
professional
graphics
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FlexCast Services: Virtualize 3D professional graphics Design Guide 2
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FlexCast services: Virtualize 3D professional graphics Design Guide
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Project Overview
In an increasingly global economy, companies are looking to improve time to
market by securely collaborating and managing design lifecycles with offshore,
mobile and remote employees while maintaining secure control over intellectual
property (IP). Organizations are seeing client virtualization as an enabling
technology to accomplish these dual goals.
The audience for this design guide is anyone already familiar with the physical
infrastructure for 3D graphics. It provides a starting point to understand the
technologies and scope of the project to transform that infrastructure using
Citrix virtualization.
Objectives
The objective of this FlexCast Services Design Guide is to construct and
demonstrate a way of globally delivering 3D professional graphics apps and 3D
data to enable real-time collaboration of design data, while securing IP.
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• Economic demands for cost control and faster time to market – Follow-
the-sun (24 x 7) development cycles and dispersed development teams require
real-time, remote collaboration on design data.
• Build a solution which can scale from few hundred users to thousands of users.
• Applications require the latest OpenGL versions with GPU hardware acceleration.
Solution components
For the hardware, this guide considers NVIDIA GRID compatible servers that
support up to two NVIDIA GRID K2 cards per chassis. Each NVIDIA GRID K2 card
contains two onboard GPU’s, with 4GB frame buffer available to each GPU. GRID
boards feature the NVIDIA Kepler architecture that, for the first time, allows
hardware virtualization of the GPU. This means multiple users (virtual machines, in
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this case) can share a single GPU, improving user density while providing true PC
performance and compatibility. The scale of sharing depends on use-case
requirements, which maps to different vGPU Types as per Table 1. vGPU are
analogous to physical GPU’s, having a dedicated and fixed amount of GPU
frame-buffer (reserved via the physical frame-buffer) and one or more virtual
display outputs or “heads”.
In addition to the NVIDIA GRID cards discussed here, Citrix supports other graphic
cards from NVIDIA and AMD. Please see this knowledge base article for details
The Citrix software components that make up the solution are as follows:
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1. Designers and engineers: The most demanding user group. They create and
manipulate large, complex, 3D models and require a dedicated GPU for
graphics acceleration.
2. Operators and contractors (Power users): Users are classified in this segment
when they need to view or edit graphics intensive 3D files, or access complex
graphics workflows onsite, say on the factory floor or at a construction site;
hardware GPU acceleration is recommended.
3. Knowledge and task workers: The segment of users in the organization that are
not engaged in professional graphics design. Hardware accelerated graphics
may or may not be required to deliver business graphics, such as the Windows
8 style apps, PowerPoint transitions in Office 2013, or perform light 2D and 3D
work. The cost and design considerations for business graphics are not in
scope of this guide (faded area in diagram)
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Workload analysis is necessary to determine the Scalability and Sizing during the
PoC testing. The following guidelines explain the concept making simplistic
assumptions about users with homogenous and constant workload within each
category. Two NVIDIA GRID K2 cards are used per server in each case, as per
appropriate vGPU types from Table 1. The proposed vGPU assignment and sizing
is discussed after Table 2
Shared GPU for desktops with high-end vGPU types such as K260Q may
be suitable for engineers (use-case 1.B) who have high end 3D compute
requirements, and perform graphics intensive operations on 3D models. 2:1 GPU
assignment doubles the user density per server.
An additional server with two GRID K2 cards is required to handle failure of any
one card on the primary hosts. Two servers and four GRID K2 cards are required
for full server redundancy.
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they do they expect the system to flawlessly bring up their 3D models. Their 3D
compute requirements are mid-range, but infrequent and spread through the
day. For such users, that we have named contractors (use-case 2.B) in this
example, deliver graphics apps from Windows Server sharing single GPU1 among
multiple user-sessions. N:1 GPU sharing cost effectively supports users that view
and edit 3D data and can adequately be supported by sharing GPU resources.
Customers have reported running 20, 30, and even 100 users in this way. Our
design conservatively assumes 10 users per GPU, which roughly represents viewer
workload on Autodesk AutoCAD. With a K2 card having two on-board GPUs, you
can scale up to 40 users per server.
Similar to use-case 1, failure of any card can be handled with an additional standby
server containing pair of GRID K2 cards. Configure each card to handle the VMs
for one of the above use-cases, respectively.
Solution architecture
In the following sections, we look at the different parts of the Citrix infrastructure
to enable the 3D graphics solution. Figure 2, based on the overall business
and technical objectives for the project as well as the assumptions, provides a
graphical overview of the solution architecture.
While this guide considers 200 users, the core architecture design does not really
change. The redundancy and scalability features will support thousands of users.
The limiting factor is how many XenServer resource pools will be needed. For 200
users, a single cluster or resource pool is sufficient.
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1. User layer. Defines the unique user groups and overall endpoint requirements.
We explored this in the previous section.
2. Access layer. Defines how user groups will gain access to their resources.
Focuses on secure access policies and desktop/application stores.
4. Control layer. Defines the underlying infrastructure required to support the users
in accessing their resources.
5. Hardware layer – Defines the physical implementation of the overall solution with
a focus on physical servers, graphics cards, storage and networking.
User layer
The user layer focuses on the logistics of the user groups, which includes client
software, recommended endpoints and office locations. This information helps
define how users will gain access to their resources, which could be desktops,
applications or documents.
• Citrix Receiver client. This client software, which runs on virtually any device and
operating platform, including Windows, Mac, Linux, iOS and Android, must be
downloaded onto user endpoints to access graphics applications, which are hosted
in the datacenter. Citrix Receiver provides the client-side functionality to secure,
optimize and transport the necessary information to/from the endpoint/host over
Citrix HDX, a set of technologies built into a networking protocol that provides a
high-definition user experience regardless of device, network or location.
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• Location. The system accounts for users that work from remote locations, over
unsecure network connections, requiring all authentication and session traffic to
be secured. Please review network latency and user-experience expectations
when working remotely or from a mobile device.
Access layer
The access layer defines the policies used to properly authenticate users to the
environment, secure communication between the user layer and resource layer
and deliver the applications to the endpoints.
Note: In an isolated proof of concept limited to the LAN of a lab environment, the
virtualized graphics delivery will work even without the access layer components.
In that case, you must ensure security compliance elsewhere in the network.
The following displays access layer design decisions based on WWCO requirements.
Resource layer
This layer manages the image, optimizations, and the delivery mechanism. This is
the most technically complex layer in the solution deployment. Virtual desktops,
hosted applications, or both, are delivered from this layer using XenDesktop and
XenApp software.
a) Using XenApp or XenDesktop 7.1 apps, only the Windows apps are presented
from a Windows Server platform, occupying a smaller footprint on the client; or
b) Using XenDesktop 7.1, replicate the complete physical desktop including their
apps and “personalization” in a virtual environment based on Windows 7 or
Windows 8.1
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Based on the requirements captured in the Solution Design section, the following
resource layer design decisions go into creating the Virtual Machine base image.
We need to create two different master images, one for Windows Server OS and
the other with Windows Desktop OS:
Control layer
The control layer of the solution defines the virtual servers used to properly
deliver the prescribed environment detailed in the user, access, and resource
layers of the solution, including required services, virtual server specifications
and redundancy options.
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A single delivery controller can easily support far more than the load of 200 users.
However, to provide N+1 fault tolerance, a second virtual server will provide
redundancy in case one virtual server fails.
Infrastructure controllers
In order to have a fully functioning virtual desktop environment, a set of standard
infrastructure components are required.
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Hardware layer
The hardware layer is the physical implementation of the solution. It includes server,
networking and storage configurations needed to successfully deploy the solution.
Server
Following is the physical server implementation for the WWCO solution. The
same hardware was leveraged for both control and resource layer to benefit from
economies of scale:
To provide fault tolerance within the solution, the virtual servers were distributed
so redundant components were not hosted from the same physical server.
The resource load on the physical hardware for the access and control layer
components is minimal, which is why they are hosted on the standby resource
layer servers to optimize the return on investment (RoI). The virtual server allocation
is depicted in Figure 3.
Server 1 and Server 2 host the access and control layer components, in addition
to the VM’s connected to GPU. “RDS Host” VMs contain Windows Server OS,
while “Desktop VMs” contain Windows 7 OS.
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Storage
The storage architecture for the solution is based on the use of inexpensive local
storage. To ensure an acceptable user experience, the storage architecture must
have enough throughput capacity as well as fault tolerance to overcome the
potential failure of a single drive.
Networking
Integrating the solution into the network requires proper configuration to have
the right components communicate with each other. This is especially important
for NetScaler Gateway, which resides in the DMZ. Large graphic image files can
consume bandwidth, so the network sizing must be done keeping use-case
requirements in mind. The network is configured based on each physical server’s
having four network ports:
The three VLANs are divided among the physical servers, NetScaler Gateway and
remaining virtual servers as shown in Figure 4.
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• NetScaler Gateway is configured to use the DMZ VLAN. This VLAN does not
connect with any other internal networks, which helps keep the DMZ and internal
traffic separated.
• The management VLAN is only connected to the physical hosts and not the
virtual machines. This VLAN is for management calls to/from the physical
server’s hypervisor.
• The virtual machine VLAN, meant for all non-DMZ virtual machines, allows them
to connect to the internal datacenter network.
Validation
The solution was validated in the Citrix Solutions Lab using graphic benchmark
apps, running on the different GPU sharing models described above.
The charts below is taken when running Redway3D’s RedTurbine benchmark app
on multiple VM’s sharing the K240Q vGPU on a GRID K2. Notice that the frames-
per-second (FPS) chart in the baseline test (single user) looks very similar to the nth
user when GPU is shared close to 85%. This indicates performance is maintained
even when the GPU is being heavily used by all users at the same time.
Average performance is greater than 40 FPS With 4 users, average remains greater than 40 FPS;
momentary drop to 10 FPS in the beginning
Average load is about 30% of the total GPU With 4 users, average load is about 80-85%
Table 3: Performance of four Windows 7 VDI sessions sharing a GRID K2 GPU with XenDesktop 7.1
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Summary
Many business benefits result from virtualizing 3D professional graphics apps,
going beyond the cost rationalization to leveraging worldwide talent pool while
securing intellectual property (IP), increasing productivity with flexible mobile device
access from anywhere, anytime, and gaining ability to respond quickly to line-of-
business requests.
The Citrix solution is mature and specially designed to support graphics intensive
apps and deliver an exceptional experience to designers and engineers and 3D
data viewers and editors working with these apps. Customers can leverage
existing Citrix investments, because no new XenDesktop or XenApp infrastructure
is required.
Appendix
Virtualize 3D professional graphics process overview
HDX 3D Pro integrates with your existing XenDesktop infrastructure and leverages
the same XenDesktop services such as provisioning services, profile management,
app streaming and Desktop Director. HDX 3D Pro supports both XenServer VMs
and physical host computers – including desktop, blade, and rack workstations.
Again, you can deliver graphical applications either as part of a complete virtual
desktop or as a VM hosted app.
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GRID vGPU’s high-level architecture is illustrated in the figure above. Under the
control of NVIDIA’s GRID Virtual GPU Manager running in XenServer dom0, GRID
physical GPUs are capable of supporting multiple virtual GPU devices (vGPUs) that
can be assigned directly to guest VMs.
Guest VMs use GRID virtual GPUs in the same manner as a physical GPU that
has been passed through by the hypervisor: an NVIDIA driver loaded in the guest
VM provides direct access to the GPU for performance-critical fast paths, and
a paravirtualized interface to the GRID Virtual GPU Manager is used for non-
performant management operations.
All vGPUs resident on a physical GPU share access to the GPU’s engines including
the graphics (3D), video decode, and video encode engines.
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References
• Reviewer’s guide for delivering 3D graphics (vGPU)
http://www.citrix.com/skb/articles/RDY12202
• XenDesktop 7 handbook
http://support.citrix.com/article/CTX139331
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1. GPU Pass-through to a Windows Server VM. Multiple users can launch GPU-accelerated 3D application
sessions, using Citrix XenApp or Citrix XenDesktop 7 App Edition, all sharing the same physical GPU
2. Applications will be defined by the customer. This is just a random sampling of graphics apps.
3. If you choose not to implement the access layer security component, only the StoreFront servers are required.
4. To simplify the PoC, and never in production, the AD, DNS and DHCP services may be installed on the same VM
5. In tech preview at time of writing. Version number may change when general availability of vGPU is announced
About Citrix
Citrix Systems, Inc. (NASDAQ:CTXS) is a leading provider of virtual computing solutions that help companies deliver IT as an on-demand service.
Founded in 1989, Citrix combines virtualization, networking and cloud computing technologies into a full portfolio of products that enable virtual
workstyles for users and virtual datacenters for IT. More than 230,000 organizations worldwide rely on Citrix to help them build simpler and more
cost-effective IT environments. Citrix partners with over 10,000 companies in more than 100 countries. Annual revenue in 2010 was $1.87 billion.
©2013 Citrix Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Citrix, XenApp, XenDesktop, XenServer, NetScaler, NetScaler Gateway, FlexCast, HDX and Citrix
Receiver are trademarks or registered trademarks of Citrix Systems, Inc. and/or one or more of its subsidiaries, and may be registered in the United
States Patent and Trademark Office and in other countries. All other trademarks and registered trademarks are property of their respective owners.
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