Question 1

Choose from the terms in the text box below to name each of the following processes:

Carbonation; Exfoliation; Oxidation; Precipitated; Shattering

1.1 Expansion and contraction causes certain rocks, like dolerite and granite, to
break up in layers. This form of weathering gives the rock a rounded form. (1)
1.2 Creation of a solid from a solution (1)
1.3 The force of water and trapped air pockets against a rock surface. (1)
1.4 Rusting and crumbling of rocks caused by a reaction with water vapour and
oxygen (1)
1.5 Weathering of rock by acid. (1)
[5]

Question 2
Select the most correct answer from the choices given for each question.
Write down only the question number and the letter. (E.g.: 2.1 - a)

2.1 Figure 1 Adapted from: slideplayer.com

The rock formation in the diagram (Figure 1: right)

was formed by:

a) Carbonation
b) Exfoliation
c) Frost Shattering
d) Oxidation
(1)

2.2 The name given to the fallen pieces of rock shown in , is …

a) Scarp
b) Scree
c) Silt
d) Stack
(1)
2.3 Select the INCORRECT list of human activities which can increase
weathering:
a) Building settlements, mining, construction of road networks
b) Construction of roads, cultivation of crops, mining
c) Building settlements, growth of tree roots, digging mines
d) Agriculture, building roads and settlements
(1)

2.4 The place where a river starts is known as the …

 a) Delta
b) Source
c) Start
d) Mouth
(1)

2. Features found in the uppercourse of a river include:

5
a) Rapids, potholes, meander scars
b) Potholes, waterfalls, ox - bow lakes and rapids.
c) Waterfalls, rapids, potholes.
d) potholes, rapids, meanders
(1)

2. What type of erosion caused the feature in Figure 2 below?

6
(1)

Figure 2
2.7 Refer to Figure 3 below, to explain the formation of mushroom rocks.
(6)

Figure 3
2.8 With the aid of a diagram briefly explain the formation of yardangs.
(3)
 [15]
3. Use the set of diagrams below to explain how frost shattering occurs.

Figure 4

(5)

4. Study the diagram below before answering the questions that follow.

Feature A Feature B
Figure 5
F
river

E Overhang

C
D D
Adapted from: http://blackpoolsixthasgeography.pbworks.com/

4.1 Name Feature A and Feature B. (2)

4.2 Feature C is formed by the water which falls over the lip of the rock that
sometimes forms the overhang. Give the term used to describe Feature C. (1)

4.3 Indicate which type of rock (D or E) is more resistant to erosion. (1)

4.4 The water in a river flows downhill. In Figure 5, the river flows from the left
of the diagram to the right.
Select the correct option to make this statement TRUE:

The arrow labelled F indicates the direction of (erosion / flow of water). (1)
5. Examine both the map and cross-section showing meanders and then
answer the questions that follow.

Map Cross-section
Figure 6 Figure 9

P P Q

Q
Adapted from: https://edu.glogster.com/glog/meanders/10hhhwaa24

For each of the statements below, indicate whether P or Q or BOTH is

applicable/true. E.g.: 5.1 BOTH

5.1 Water flows quickly and therefore erosion occurs.

5.2 Deposits of sand and silt due to reduced speed of water.
5.3 Bank where a levee could form. (3)

6. Carefully study the diagram showing various parts of a river (below).

Write down only the name of the feature/part of the river that is described in
each of the following statements. E.g.: 6.1 Tributary

6.1 U: bends in a river

X 6.2 V: Feature consisting of sand,

which forms where a river ends
Adapted from: pinterest.com/google search “Features of a River”

6.3 W: Flat land which is covered with

water during the rainy season

6.4 Y: End of a river

W 6.5 Z: Body of water into which a
river flows
U
(5)

Y V
Z

Figure 7