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Assignment-16
Ankur Aditya - EE20RESCH11010

Abstract—This document contains the problem related

to Eigenvalue and Eigenvectors (UGC-June-2017 Maths
Q-78)

Download the latex-file from

https://github.com/ankuraditya13/EE5609−
Assignment16

1 Problem
Consider the matrix
1 + x2 7 11
 
A(x) =  3x 2x 4 ; x ∈ R.
 (1.0.1)
8x 17 13
Then,
OPTIONS Explanation
a) A(x) has eigenvalue 0 for some x ∈ R.
b) 0 is not an eigenvalue of A(x) for any x ∈ R. Option (b) At the Values of x given by (2.0.6), eigen value λ = 0.
Hence option (b) can’t be correct.
c) A(x) has eigenvalue 0 ∀x ∈ R.
d) A(x) is invertible ∀x ∈ R.  
Option (c)   = 0∀x ∈ R.
If one of the eigenvalue is 0 for A(x) then, A(x)
But from (2.0.6) we have concluded that A = 0 only for,

x1 = 6.01, x2 = 3.23, x3 = 0.13.
2 Solution Hence, Option (c) is incorrect.

Let λ = 0 be an eigenvalue. Hence, Option (d)

 
Now for the values of x given by (2.0.6), A = 0.
Hence it is not invertible ∀x ∈ R
A − λI  = 0
 
(2.0.1) Hence Option (d) is incorrect.
 
=⇒ A = 0 (2.0.2) Option (a) Now clearly from above arguments A(x) has eigenvalue 0 for some x ∈ R

  1 + x 7 11
 2
 Hence Option (a) is Correct.

=⇒ A =  3x 2x 4  = 0 (2.0.3)
8x 17 13
 

Performing row reduction we get,

1 + x2
 
7 11 
 0 2x3 −19x 4x2 −33x+4  = 0
1+x2 1+x2 (2.0.4)
26x −244x +538x−68 
 3 2

 0 0 2x3 −19x

=⇒ 26x3 − 244x2 + 538x − 68 = 0 (2.0.5)

=⇒ x1 = 6.01, x2 = 3.23, x3 = 0.13 (2.0.6)