INJECTOR METERING RAIL 1 PRESSURE -

CUMMINS DATA VALID BUT BELOW NORMAL

OPERATING RANGE - MODERATELY
SEVERE LEVEL

FAULT CODE: 559

PID: P157
SPN: 157
FMI: 1/18
LAMP: Amber

Injector Metering Rail Pressure Sensor Circuit

REASON
Injector Metering Rail 1 Pressure - Data Valid But Below
Normal Operational Range - Moderately Severe Level. The
ECM has detected that fuel pressure is lower than
commanded pressure.
EFFECT
Engine may run rough, may stop running, may not start, or
may be difficult to start.
CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION
The engine control module (ECM) provides a 5-volt supply to
the fuel rail pressure sensor using a dedicated sensor supply
circuit. The ECM also provides a ground on the sensor return
circuit. The fuel rail pressure sensor provides a primary fuel
pressure signal to the ECM on the fuel rail pressure sensor
signal 1 circuit. The sensor also provides a secondary fuel
pressure sensor signal on the fuel rail pressure signal 2 circuit.
This sensor signal voltage changes based on the pressure in
the fuel rail. The ECM will detect a high signal voltage at high
rail pressure conditions. The ECM will detect a low signal
voltage during low rail pressure conditions.

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COMPONENT LOCATION
The high-pressure fuel pump is mounted to the gear housing.
The fuel pump actuator is mounted on the fuel pump. The fuel
pressure sensor is mounted in the high-pressure fuel rail. The
fuel pressure relief valve is mounted on the high-pressure fuel
rail.
CONDITIONS FOR RUNNING THE DIAGNOSTICS
The second part runs continuously while the engine is running.
CONDITIONS FOR SETTING THE FAULT CODES
The Engine Control Module (ECM) detected the measured fuel
rail pressure was less than the commanded fuel rail pressure
by at least 250 bar [3625 psi] for 7 seconds.
ACTION TAKEN WHEN THE FAULT CODE IS ACTIVE
− The ECM illuminates the amber CHECK ENGINE lamp
and/or the Malfunction Indicator Lamp (MIL)
immediately when the diagnostic runs and fails.
− Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) valve operation will
be disabled.
− Engine torque will be reduced if the engine is operated
for an extended period of time with this fault active.
CONDITIONS FOR CLEARING THE FAULT CODE
− To validate the repair using a Diagnostic Road Test,
utilize a route that incorporates both stop and go city
type driving and steady state highway type driving. It
may be necessary to load the unit for certain
diagnostics in the ECM to run.
− To validate the repair using a Chassis Dynamometer,
utilize a routine that incorporates acceleration and
motoring events, steady state highway type operation,
and load. This will simulate normal driving and allow
the diagnostics in the ECM to run.
− The fault code status displayed by the diagnostic tool
will change to INACTIVE immediately after the
diagnostic runs and passes.
− The ECM will turn off the amber CHECK ENGINE lamp
immediately after the diagnostic runs and passes.
− For On-Board Diagnostics (OBD) engines, the ECM
will extinguish the Malfunction Indicator Lamp (MIL)
after three consecutive trips where the diagnostic runs
and passes.

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 − The Reset All Faults command in the diagnostic tool
can be used to clear active and inactive faults, as well
as extinguish the MIL for OBD applications.
SHOP TALK
Possible causes of this fault code include:
− High fuel inlet restriction
− Low fuel gear pump output pressure
− Air in the fuel
− Leaking fuel rail pressure relief valve
− Malfunctioning high-pressure fuel pump
− Leaking fuel injectors and or fuel injector connectors

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TROUBLESHOOTING STEPS

Step 1A) Check for active fault codes.

Conditions
− Turn keyswitch ON.
− Connect the diagnostic tool.

Action

Check for active injector circuit fault codes.

− Use the diagnostic tool to read the fault codes.

Are Fault Codes 322, 323, 324, 325, 331, or 332 active?

Yes – No Repair. No – No Repair.

Go to the appropriate fault code troubleshooting tree. Go to Step 1B.

Step 1B) Check for active or inactive fault codes.

Conditions
− Turn keyswitch ON.
− Connect the diagnostic tool.

Action

Check for active or inactive fault codes.

− Use the diagnostic tool to read the fault codes.

Are Fault Codes 271, 272, 281, 449, 451, 452, 515, 516, 2311, or 3727 active or
inactive counts?

Yes – No Repair. No – No Repair.

Go to the appropriate fault code troubleshooting tree. Go to Step 2A.

Step 2A) Check for adequate fuel supply.

Conditions
− Turn keyswitch ON.
− Turn engine OFF.

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Action

Check for adequate fuel supply.

− Do not rely on the vehicle fuel gauge.
− Verify there is fuel in the tank.

Does the equipment/vehicle have an adequate fuel supply?

Yes – No Repair. No – Add fuel to the fuel tank or perform repairs to

Go to Step 3A. the vehicle tank or fuel gauge.
Go to Step 6A.

Step 3A) Check the low-pressure fuel system.

Conditions
− Turn keyswitch ON.
− Refer to the Fuel System Diagnostics Procedure for information on low-pressure fuel system checks.

Action

Check the low-pressure fuel system.

− Check for air in the fuel.
− Check for fuel inlet restriction above specification.
− Check for gear pump output pressure below specification.
− Check for fuel filter restriction above specification.
− Refer to the Fuel System Diagnostics Procedure.

The fuel line from the ECM cooling plate to the high-pressure fuel pump contains a filter screen at the high-
pressure fuel pump banjo fitting. The screen must be examined and cleaned, or the banjo bolt replaced, if
the screen is damaged.

Does the low-pressure fuel system meet the specifications?

Yes – Refer to the Fuel System Diagnostics No – Continue investigating the cause of the low-
Procedure. pressure fuel system fault. Repair or replace the
Go to Step 4A. malfunctioning component(s).
Go to Step 6A.

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Step 4A) Check the injector return flow.

Conditions
− Turn keyswitch ON.
− Start and idle the engine.
− Connect the diagnostic tool.

Action

Check for excessive fuel leakage from the injectors and high-pressure connectors.

Does the injector return flow meet the specifications?

Yes – No Repair. No – Continue investigating the cause of high

Go to Step 4B. injector return flow. Isolate the leaking high-pressure
connector and/or injector.
Refer to the Fuel System Diagnostics Procedure.
Repair or replace the damaged components(s).
Go to Step 6A.

Step 4B) Check the fuel pressure relief valve return flow.

Conditions
− Turn keyswitch ON.
− Start and idle the engine.
− Connect the diagnostic tool.

Action

Check for excessive fuel leakage from the fuel pressure relief valve.

Does the fuel pressure relief valve return flow meet the specifications?

Yes – No Repair. No – Replace the fuel pressure relief valve.

Go to Step 5A. Go to Step 6A.

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Step 5A) Check the high-pressure fuel pump performance.

Conditions
− Turn keyswitch OFF.
− Use the Fuel System Diagnostics Procedure for information on the High-Performance Fuel Pump
Performance Test.

Action

Check whether the high-pressure fuel pump is opening correctly according to the High-Pressure Fuel Pump
Performance Test.

Does the fuel pump supply flow meet the specifications?

Yes – No Repair. No – Replace the high-pressure fuel pump head.

Go to Step 5B. Refer to the Fuel Pump Head Procedure.
Go to Step 6A.

Step 5B) Check the fuel pump actuator.

Conditions
− Turn keyswitch ON.
− Operate the engine.
− Connect the diagnostic tool.

Action

Check for correct operation.

− Use the diagnostic tool to monitor commanded fuel rail pressure and measured fuel rail pressure
while the engine is idling.

Does the measured fuel rail pressure vary more than ±100 bar [±1450 psi] from
the commanded fuel rail pressure?

Yes – Replace the fuel pump actuator. No – No Repair.

Go to Step 6A. Go to Step 5C.

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Step 5C) Check for debris in the fuel tank.

Conditions
− Turn keyswitch OFF.
− Remove fuel tank filler cap.

Action

Check for debris in the fuel tank.

− See equipment manufacturer service information.

Was debris found in the tank?

Yes – Remove the debris from the tank. No – No Repair.

See equipment manufacturer service information. Go to Step 6A.
Go to Step 6A.

Step 6A) Check if an ECM calibration update is available.

Conditions
− Connect all components.
− Connect the diagnostic tool.

Action

Compare the ECM code and revision number in the ECM to the calibration revisions listed in the ECM
Calibration Revision History for applicable changes related to this fault code.
− Use the diagnostic tool to find the present ECM code and revision number in the ECM. The ECM
code and revision number are found in the Calibration Information section of System ID and
Dataplate in Features and Parameters.

If a calibration update for this fault code is available, does the ECM contain that
revision or higher?

Yes – No Repair. No – If necessary calibrate the ECM.

Go to Step 6B. Go to Step 6B.

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Step 6B) Disable the fault code.

Conditions
− Connect all components.
− Connect the diagnostic tool.

Action

Disable and clear the fault codes.

− Operate the engine within the "Conditions for Clearing the Fault Code" found in the Overview section
of this troubleshooting procedure.

Is the fault code inactive?

Yes – No Repair. No – Return to the troubleshooting steps or contact a

Repair Complete. Cummins Authorized Repair Location if all steps
have been completed and checked again.
Go to Step 1A.

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