Aim High Level 2 Workbook

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Reading Vocabulary Grammar Skills Grammar Writing
1
The real
you
page 4 My favourite
uniform!
What to wear Present simple
and continuous
Personalities Verb + infinitive
or -ing form
A personal
profile
pages 10–11 • self check 1
and
2 Winning
losing
page 12 Friendly dolphins
save swimmers
Surfing
superstar!
Past simple A question of
sport
Past simple and
continuous
A magazine
article

3 Town and
country
page 20 The Edge of the
World
Monowi,
population: 1
Quantifiers: some, Landscapes
any, much, many, a
Definite,
indefinite and
A leaflet
lot of, a little, a few zero articles

4 Heroes page 28 Cameron Weir An award for

bravery
Comparatives
and superlatives
Personal heroes (not) as … as,
too, enough
A book report
5 Gifts page 36 The Library of

Alexandria
Famous gifts Present perfect Retail Present perfect
and past simple
An informal
letter
6 Technology page 44 Robot

Revolution
What’s the
big idea?
will and going to Early devices Zero conditional A formal letter

7 Cultures
customs
and page 52 Dancing horses The traditions
they tried to
must, mustn’t
and needn’t
Body language First conditional A note
ban
8 What if … ? page 60 A big hit? Wave power Second

conditional
Global issues I wish … An essay
9
Crime
scene
page 68 ‘I love you’ An online
threat
Past perfect Crimes and
criminals
Reported
speech
A story
10 Discovery page 76 Christopher

Columbus
Great journeys The passive
(present simple)
Inventions and
discoveries
The passive
(other tenses)
An article
round-up pages 84–88 functions bank page 89 writing bank pages 90–91 vocabulary notebook pages 92–111 irregular verbs page 112

1 reading
The real you
Before reading: School uniform 4 Are the sentences true or false? Correct the false sentences.
1 Complete the text with the words in the box. 1 Lots of school students don’t want to express their
personalities.
attitude brands casual compulsory dress wear F. They don’t want to wear school uniforms.
dress code respectable torn unfashionable uniform 2 Most school students wear the same type of clothes at
1 home.
We don’t have to wear a uniform at my school but there
2 3 Today, jeans are a symbol of hard-working people.
is a . The school says we have to look
3 4 4 When a person wears jeans, they are usually following a
and it says the clothes we in class
5 dress code.
show our to the school. We can wear
6 5 Italian workers were the first people to wear jeans.
clothes like jeans, but they mustn’t be
7 8 6 Levi Strauss sold jeans to French miners.
. Although jeans are OK, we can’t 7 Most people wear jeans because they are fashionable.
in T-shirts or trainers. Furthermore, when we play sport,
we have to wear sports clothes that aren’t famous 8 Today, jeans are like uniform because they are popular.
9 10
. I’d like to have a school uniform,
11
because thanks to the rules, my parents buy me
clothes that I have to wear at school – and at home! 5 Choose two answers.
The writer uses the present simple in the text to talk about …
1 … habits and routines.
2 Read the title of the text and look at the photo. What type of 2 … things that are happening at this moment.
uniform do you think the text talks about? 3 … future plans.
4 … things that are always true.
3 Read the text quickly. When did people first wear jeans?
challenge!
My favourite Write a short paragraph (about 30 words) about (a) or (b).
uniform!
a The clothes that you wear to school:
Do you have to wear a school uniform? Do you have a
A lot of school students say they don’t like wearing school school dress code? Do you think school uniforms are a
uniforms. They want to wear their own clothes so that good or bad idea?
they can express their personalities. But if you ask the b The clothes that you like to wear outside school:
same students what they wear when they get home, they’ll What clothes do you like? What do you wear when you
probably all give you the same answer: jeans! meet your friends? Do your friends wear similar clothes?
Most teenagers like wearing jeans because they are a What do your parents think of your clothes?
symbol of freedom. When you are wearing jeans, you are
saying that you don’t have to follow the dress codes of
schools, offices and factories. However, although jeans have
this image today, they were originally the uniform of the
working man.
The first people to wear jeans were sailors in the Italian
city of Genoa. That was in 1600! In fact, the name for these
trousers comes from the French name for the city: Gênes.
Over two hundred years later in California, a man called Levi
Strauss sold extra strong jeans to miners and they became
the working trousers for American men.
Today jeans are very fashionable but most people wear
them for the same reasons as the Italian sailors: they are
comfortable and practical. In fact, they are so popular that
some people say they are the uniform of the 21st century.
So, which uniform do you prefer? The one you wear at
school, or the one you wear at home?
4 Unit 1 • The real you

VOCABULARY
dress and wear
What to wear
1 Complete the sentences using the words in the box, or
3 Put the words and expressions in the correct columns.
answer the questions. a child a suit an apron up for a celebration
smartly a smart shirt
attend attitude avoid brand code expect
fashionable invest judge staff stereotype torn dress wear

1 What do we call the group of people that work for a

company or organization?
2 Which verb means to use your money in a good way?
Definitions: advertising
3 Which adjective means something is popular at a
particular time? 4 Match the words in the box with the pictures.
4 Do we use the adjective casual to describe formal or brand goods design label logo packaging slogan
informal clothes?
5 Which verb means you think something will happen?
6 We call the rules about the clothes people should wear a

dress .
7 Do we use the adjective respectable to describe formal or
informal clothes?
8 Does a person with confidence think they can do things
1 slogan 4
well or badly?
9 If your jeans have a hole in them, we say they are
.
10 If you something, you keep away from it.
11 Can you think of another verb to use to say ‘go to school’?
12 Believing in a may give us the wrong

impression of a person or group of people.
13 We call a product made by a particular company a 2 5
.
14 Which verb means to use the information you have to
form an opinion about someone?
15 Your behaviour can show people your , the
way you think about things.
Uniforms
2 Complete the sentences, using the words in the box. 3 6
apron diver physicians judges overalls tracksuit
Prepositions: in, off, on and up
1 A usually wears a wetsuit in the water.
2 Our coach always wears a horrible pink . 5 Choose the correct prepositions.
3 today don’t always wear a wig and gown. 1 She looks terrible in / off / on / up that hat!
4 The that our mechanic wears are black with 2 I’m going to do my coat in / off / on / up. It’s freezing.
dirt and oil! 3 It’s raining, so put your boots in / off / on / up.
4 Take in / off / on / up those sunglasses. I want to see your
5 and scientists always wear white coats.
eyes when I’m speaking to you!
6 I don’t like eating in a restaurant where the chef’s 5 My brother is the boy in / off / on / up the school uniform.
is very dirty. 6 Tell your sister to pull her sleeves in / off / on / up before
she does the washing up.
7 Go into the shop and try it in / off / on / up.
Unit 1 • The real you 5

grammar
Present simple and continuous challenge!
Write two sentences for each use.
1 Some of the verbs in these sentences are incorrect. Correct
them if necessary. Present simple: something that happens always or regularly
1 ‘What are you doing?’ ‘I’m a teacher.’ 7 1
‘What do you do?’ ‘I’m a teacher.’ 2
2 Look. That girl is smiling at you. Present continuous: something that’s happening now
3
4
3 He’s going to the gym every day. Present continuous: arrangements in the future
5 This evening
6 After school tomorrow
4 I wear jeans today.

5 I’m not understanding you. 3 Is the present continuous being used (a) for something that
is happening now or (b) for an arrangement in the future?
Write a or b.
1 What are you doing tomorrow night? b
6 I don’t like classical music. 2 It’s starting to rain.
3 ‘Are you planning to stay at home this weekend?’
‘No, we’re visiting friends in London.’
7 What does she do tomorrow evening? 4 Penny is wearing a pink skirt.
5 ‘Where’s Wendy?’ ‘She’s reading upstairs.’
6 Is Ann coming to the cinema with us this evening?
7 I can’t meet you on Saturday. I’m playing football.
8 Which do you prefer, pizza or pasta? 8 My aunt is coming to see us this afternoon.
9 What’s that programme you’re listening to?
10 What are you wearing to Tom’s house?
2 Sarah and Lisa are in a café. Complete the dialogue with 4 Look at Neil’s diary and complete the dialogue. Use the
the verbs in the box. Use the present simple or present continuous.
present continuous. Saturday
come do have like stay study want work not work 3 pm Football – Chelsea v Arsenal
Cinema – ‘ War of the Worlds’ meet Danny at 8 at
Lisa Hi. I’m Lisa. pizza café
1
Sarah Hi, I’m Sarah. Where do you come
from, Lisa? Neil I
1
(watch) a football match on Saturday.
2
Lisa Germany. I with a family here in Paul Oh? Who
2
(play)?
Brighton. Neil Chelsea and Arsenal. Why don’t you come round and
3
Sarah you it here? watch it with me?
4
Lisa Yes, it’s a nice town. I a great time. Paul I don’t like football. What
3
you
Sarah Your English is very good. (do) in the evening?
5
Lisa Thanks. I at a language school. What Neil I
4
(go) to the cinema.
6
you , Sarah? Paul Who
5
you (go) with?
Sarah I’m a nurse. Neil Danny. Do you want to come?
Lisa That’s interesting. Paul Yes, I’d love to. What time
6
you and
7 8
Sarah I usually at night, but I this Danny (meet)?
evening. Neil Eight o’clock at the pizza café.
9
Lisa you to have a coffee? Paul OK. See you there.
Sarah OK.

skills
Personalities
1 Match the personality adjectives with opposite adjectives lllll Extension: Negative prefixes:
in the box. un-, im-, in- and dis-
bad mannered earnest generous impatient lazy 4 Make the adjectives negative by adding the correct
pessimistic talkative thoughtless timid prefix: un-, dis-, in- or im-.
1 comfortable uncomfortable
1 assertive
2 honest
2 hard-working
3 fit
3 mean
4 polite
4 optimistic
5 tidy
5 patient
6 lucky
6 considerate
7 loyal
7 quiet
8 tolerant
8 amusing
9 well mannered 5 Use the adjectives in exercise 3, with or without their
prefixes, to complete the sentences.
2 Use the adjectives from exercise 1 to complete the
sentences. 1 I couldn’t sleep because the bed was uncomfortable .
2 Pete’s very . He goes running every
1 It was very considerate of you to help me with my
evening.
homework.
3 In many countries it’s to start eating
2 She’s a bit . That’s why she didn’t talk to many
people at the party. before others are ready.
3 It’s to talk with your mouth full. 4 His bedroom is always – he never puts
anything away.
4 Sally isn’t very . She prefers to listen to other
people. 5 We should be of people who have
5 Mark is very . He always thinks things will get different cultures and traditions.
worse! 6 She’s very . She wouldn’t lie to you.
6 You need to be if you want people to do 7 John was in a terrible car accident last week. He’s
things for you. to be alive.
7 She is too to help me with the housework. 8 It was of your friend to say bad things
8 Harry’s very . He’s always telling jokes. about you when you weren’t there.
9 After waiting over half an hour for the bus, Ben began to
get . 6 Make a mind map of adjectives that describe personality.
10 It was very of you to pay for my coffee.
3 Match the adjectives with a synonym from the box. impatient

POSITIVE
confident funny kind impolite serious shy
unkind well mannered
PERSONALITY
1 assertive
2 earnest confident NEGATIVE
3 considerate
4 bad mannered
5 amusing
6 timid unkind
7 mean
8 generous

GRAMMAR
Verb + infinitive or -ing form
1 Complete the sentences. Use the -ing form of the verbs in 3 Complete the sentences. Use the correct form of the verbs
the box. in brackets.
copy get up go have help live play think watch 1 Tom offered to help me with my homework. (help)
2 We spent an hour on the phone. (chat)
1 Do you fancy going to the cinema this evening?
3 I can’t stand a jacket and tie. (wear)
2 I spend a lot of time computer games.
4 He refused his mum where he was going. (tell)
3 The food in the school canteen is terrible, so I avoid
5 He pretended not me. (hear)
lunch there.
6 We decided to Spain this summer. (go)
4 I can’t help that he isn’t telling the truth.
7 She can’t help nervous about the exams. (feel)
5 I don’t mind my parents with the housework.
8 I don’t fancy tonight. Let’s go out. (stay in)
6 I can’t stand early in the morning.
9 I hope you next weekend. (see)
7 Bob suggested a DVD.
10 I can’t imagine old. (be)
8 Can you imagine in a foreign country?
11 What time do you expect in London? (arrive)
9 It’s really annoying – he keeps my homework.
12 I don’t mind football on TV. (watch)
2 Complete the sentences, using the infinitive form of the 13 Why do you keep that song? It’s annoying.
verbs in the box. Then match the sentences to the pictures. (sing)
be buy carry let pay study 14 I didn’t want to go to the party on my own, so my sister
agreed with me. (come)
1 Kate wants to be a nurse when she leaves school.
2 Tina’s parents agreed her go to the match. 4 Underline four -ing forms and four infinitive forms in the
3 Harry decided not a new DVD player. They’re email. Some of them are incorrect. Correct them.
too expensive.
4 Jake broke the window, but he refused for a
new one.
5 Liz is pretending – but she’s really listening to Hi Jackie,
the radio. How are you? I keep to phone you, but you’re phoning
6 Dan offered my suitcase as it was really heavy. always out, so I decided sending you an email.
I’m having a very boring week. I spend all my
a b time studying for the exams, but I refuse to
work all weekend, too! So do you fancy to
go to the cinema with me on Saturday? There
are several good films on that I want to see.
I don’t mind seeing any of them, so you can
choose.
I hope hearing from you soon.
Lots of love,
c d
Anna
Challenge!
Write sentences using these verbs and either the -ing form
or the infinitive.
e f
1 can’t help I can’t help thinking about the exams.
2 can’t stand
3 want
4 agree
5 hope
6 avoid

writing
A personal profile
Preparation challenge!
1 Read Tom’s profile. Match 1–3 with paragraphs A–C.
Write four true sentences using the phrases in the box. Use
1 personality nouns (people or things) or -ing forms.
2 hobbies and interests
I’m not very keen on … I really enjoy …
3 introduction, with personal information
I quite like … I’m very interested in …
I’m not very keen on computer games.

A I’m Tom and I’m 16 years old. I really enjoy spending time with my friends.
I’m at Milltown School. I’m in 1
year 12. I live with my mum and
dad and my two sisters. 2
B My hobbies are listening to the
radio and going out with my
3
friends. I’m also interested in travelling. I’m not very

keen on sport, but I sometimes go ice skating.
4
C I think I’m quite confident and my friends say I’m

very ambitious. I get on well with funny people.
4 Put the words in the correct order to make sentences.

2 Underline phrases in Tom’s profile with a similar meaning
to the ones below. 1 ambitious / am / I / an / not /at all / person

1 My name’s …
2 I go to .... school 2 is / Kate / mean / a bit
3 I like … (hobbies)
4 I like … (people) 3 my / is / very / best / loyal / friend
5 I don’t really like …
6 I believe ... 4 tolerant / person / Henry / a / quite / is

3 Put Mandy’s profile in the correct order. 5 Toby / slightly / shy / is

6 impatient / my brother / quite / is
Harry and I go to Hillcrest
School.
I live with my parents and older Writing task
brother, Harry. 5 In your notebook write a personal profile of a friend or
1 My name’s Mandy. family member. Write 70–80 words and include this
I’m 16 years old and I’m from information:
Hastings. • an introduction with the person’s name, home town, age,
As for sport, I play hockey and brief information about his / her school and family.
at school. • information about his / her hobbies, interests and sports.
5 I’ve got lots of hobbies and interests. • a description of his / her personality.
I also enjoy tennis.
I like drawing and I spend a lot of time reading. Check your work
9 I’m quite talkative.
Have you
I’m very lazy.
included all the information?
I’ve probably got one big fault.
written 70–80 words?
In fact, I really love chatting on the phone with my checked grammar, spelling and punctuation?
friends.

self check 1: grammar
1 Complete the rules for the present simple and the present 4 Write sentences using the -ing form or the infinitive form of
continuous using the words in the box. the verbs.
happening actions habit simple future 1 Sally always expects / pass / her exams
continuous frequently moment
2 Mark can’t stand / travel / by plane
1 We use the present simple for a or routine
that always or happens.
3 he hopes / play / in the final
2 We use the present for something that is
always true.
4 we don’t fancy / go / to the cinema tonight
3 We use the present continuous for which
are at the we are speaking.
5 Frank agreed / help / his sister with her English homework
4 We use the present continuous for
arrangements.
6 I can’t imagine / win / a lot of money
5 There are some verbs (believe, hate, like, love, etc.) that
we don’t use in the present .
7 Sara offered / repair / my bicycle
Your score /8
8 Kelly doesn’t mind / wait / for you at the bus stop
2 Write the verbs in the correct present simple or present
continuous forms.
Your score /8
1 John (not use) the computer at the moment.
2 Molly (not like) making her bed.
5 Complete the text, using the correct form of the verbs in
3 We (finish) school early on Fridays. brackets.
4 (you / study) for the exam now?
My dad always gets up at 6 o’clock every morning and he
5 We (visit) our cousins next weekend. 1
spends an hour (run). He says it’s a good time
6 (Alice / go) to the gym every day? 2
because you avoid (find) the streets full of
7 You (write) English from left to right on a
people. He’s been running for a year since he decided
page. 3 4
(get) fit. He says he wants
8 They (get up) late tomorrow morning
(take part) in a marathon! When he arrives home, he’s very
because it’s Sunday. 5
hungry but he refuses (eat) a big breakfast
6
Your score /8 because he agreed (go) on a diet with my
mum. Thanks to the running and the diet he’s really fit. Last
3 Match the sentences in exercise 2 with the rules in year I couldn’t imagine
7
(see) my dad in a
exercise 1. marathon but if he keeps
8
(train) hard, I’m
1 rule 5 rule sure he’ll do it.
2 rule 6 rule
Your score /8
3 rule 7 rule
4 rule 8 rule
Total /40
Your score /8

self check 1: vocabulary
1 Answer the vocabulary quiz questions. 2 Choose the correct words.
Quiz
Job scope … all you need
1 What’s the opposite of patient?
to know about jobs
2 What does a diver wear to keep warm? A .
3 There’s a dress . You can’t wear jeans.
4 Look at the on your T-shirt and find out

where it was made.
5 You the staff in a shop to be well-mannered.
6 Don’t be ! Share your sweets with your little

brother.
7 ‘Which one’s the physician?’ ‘He’s the one in the white

.’ What’s an advertising copywriter?
8 ‘What’s your to expensive brands?’ ‘I avoid An advertising copywriter is an important member of
1
buying them!’ judge / staff in the creative department of an advertising
agency. They work closely with an art director. The art
2
9 What does a mechanic wear to keep clean? director thinks of the visual packaging / design of an
advertisement while the copywriter thinks of the ‘copy’, the
10 ‘She doesn’t say much.’ ‘No, she’s very .’
verbal or written words that accompany it. This includes
3
11 I never dress up. I always wear clothes. thinking of a good slogan / stereotype. An advertising
4
copywriter must avoid / attend meetings with the clients
12 What’s the company’s ? It’s an apple. and present their ideas to them. The clients expect the
5
ideas to be brilliant. After all, they are investing / judging
13 What’s the opposite of optimistic?
a huge amount of money in advertising their product.
14 Tom’s really . He always wears the latest
styles.
15 What does a chef wear to keep clean? An .
16 My sister is very . She often tells jokes.
17 What’s the opposite of considerate?
18 You should wear a when you do exercise,

not jeans.
19 She must be a judge. She’s wearing a wig and

. What’s a holiday representative?
A holiday representative works for a travel company and
20 What’s the opposite of hard-working?
is the public face of that company when clients are on
6
holiday. Clients will judge / expect the company by the
Your score /20 7
holiday representative so they must look respectable /
casual at all times. They must also be patient and
8
thoughtless / considerate. They have to make sure that
clients enjoy their holiday and resolve any problems for
9
them. This might involve talking to the hotel chef / coach
10
if a client has a food allergy, or being timid / assertive
with street sellers who won’t leave their clients alone.
Your score /10
Total /30

2 reading
Winning and losing
Before reading: At the seaside 3 Answer the questions.
1 Label the picture with the words in the box. 1 Where were the swimmers?

beach island shark surfer surfboard wave
2 How many dolphins appeared?

1 2 3 Why were the swimmers worried at first?
3
4 What did one of the swimmers try to do?

5 Why did one of the swimmers scream?

6 How long did the dolphins stay with the swimmers?

4 4 Put the events of the story in the correct order.

One of the swimmers screamed when she saw a
shark.
The dolphins started to swim around the people.
Ron tried to swim back to the beach.
1 The lifeguards were on a training swim.
The shark swam away.
5 Ten dolphins appeared.
6
The dolphins stayed with the swimmers for forty
minutes.
2 Complete the article with the words in the box. The shark tried to attack the swimmers.
attacking clear eventually professional The swimmers returned to the beach.
screamed swimming thought The dolphins pushed Ron back to the other swimmers.
Friendly dolphins save swimmers

One morning in November 2004, four people were shark and it was swimming towards them through
...........................................................
1 6
in the sea about 100 metres from the the blue water. It came very close
beach near Auckland, New Zealand. They were to the swimmers. It was only metres away, but it
2
lifeguards on a training swim. couldn’t attack them because the dolphins were
Suddenly, about ten dolphins appeared and started there. The dolphins stayed with the swimmers for
to swim around them in circles. At first the swimmers forty minutes.
3 7
were worried – they that the dolphins the shark swam away and the
4
were them. One of the swimmers, dolphins let the swimmers return to the beach. A
Ron Howes, tried to swim back to the beach, but the scientist, Rosemary Finn, who studies the behaviour
dolphins stopped him and pushed him back to the of dolphins, wasn’t surprised when she heard the
other swimmers. Suddenly, one of the swimmers story. ‘Dolphins often help other animals and fish
5
. There was a three-metre when they are in trouble in the sea,’ she said.
12 Unit 2 • Winning and losing

vocabulary
Prepositions of movement
Surfing superstar!
1 Complete the sentences and answer the questions.
3 Match the prepositions in the box with the pictures.
1 Which phrasal verb means to start a journey? along up across into towards through
a set in b set off c set on
2 Which adjective can you use to describe a knife?
a sharp b outstanding c soft
3 If a boat goes under the surface of the water, we say it …
a sinks. b falls. c loses.
4 What do sponsors give some sports stars?
a cake b money c jobs
5 Which word means going or looking in the direction of 1 go the 4 go the road
someone or something? stairs
a along b towards c through
6 The verb rush means to do something …
a quickly. b carefully. c slowly.
7 The word wound describes harm to …
a a car. b a person’s body. c a house.
8 Which verb means to get better after an illness?
a recuperate b discover c cover
9 If your face and the front of your body are in contact with
your bed, you are lying … 2 go the 5 go the
a face up. b face down. c face in. receptionist tunnel
10 People and animals have a survival …
a instinct. b grip. c destiny.
11 If you are destined to do something, you …
a won’t do it. b might do it. c are sure to do it.
12 The verb grip means to … something.
a throw b break c hold
13 Which adjective do we use to say someone is very good
at something?
a huge b terrible c outstanding 3 go the 6 go the
14 Which verb means to try and deal with a difficult situation? road building
a grip b sink c battle
15 When you move in the direction of a place, you head … it. Expressions with play
a to b for c down
4 Complete the sentences using the words in the box.
Phrasal verbs with set along cards cool fire fool jokes time back
2 Correct the underlined words. 1 You are so silly! Stop playing the fool !
2 He always thinks it’s funny to play on his
1 It started raining heavily in the afternoon, and by evening
friends.
the bad weather had really set on. set in
3 I want to listen to that again. Can you play it ?
2 The coach for Paris sets in at 10 o’clock, so please be here
4 She likes taking risks and playing with .
15 minutes before.
5 I just play with him and say ‘yes’ to
3 I was coming out of the bank when four big men set in me.
everything he says.
6 He hasn’t decided what to do, so he’s playing for
4 When my mum makes soup, she always sets some down
before giving an answer.
for another day.
7 You never seem worried about anything! You always play it
5 We wanted to go to the airport but the taxi driver set us off
!
at the railway station!
8 If you play your right, they might give you a
6 When I lost my job, it really set me aside.
job.
Unit 2 • Winning and losing 13

grammar
3
Past simple Complete the sentences with the negative form of the verbs.
1 He won a silver medal, but he didn’t win a gold
1 Complete the text. Use the past simple of the verbs in medal.
brackets.
2 I was at the final of the World Cup in 2006 but I
World
at the final in 2002.
3 She competed in the Sydney Olympics but she
Champion
in the Athens Olympics.
4 My dad learned to ride a bike but he to
swim.
Tanni Grey-Thompson is one of 5 We played volleyball last night. We
the most successful disabled basketball.
athletes in the world. She 1 (be) born with spina 6 I was happy when Wayne Rooney scored a goal, but I
2
bifida, so she (not can) walk and 3 happy when the referee sent him off.
(have to) use a wheelchair. At school her teachers 4 7 She saw the London Marathon, but she the
(not expect) her to be good at sport but her disability New York Marathon.
5
(not stop) her and she 6 (swim) and
7
(play) basketball. Then she 8
(see) the 4 Write true sentences about what you did last weekend. Use
the past simple, affirmative or negative, and the phrases in
London Marathon on TV and 9 (decide) to try the box.
athletics. At the age of fifteen she 10 (represent)
go to the cinema have an argument with my parents
Wales in the Junior National Games and 11 (come)
buy a DVD drink coffee at breakfast
first in the 100 metres. Between 1992 and 2004 she meet my friends read a book
12
(win) sixteen Paralympic medals and
13
(break) thirty world records. She 14 1 I went / didn’t go to the cinema.
(retire) from wheelchair racing in 2007. 2
3
2 Complete the texts. Use the past simple of the verbs in the 4
boxes. 5
6
Funny football stories
5 Put the words in the correct order to make questions. Then
fall not kick laugh say try write true answers.
In 1991, in a British cup final match, 1 last / what / you / did / night / do / ?
1
Peter Devine tried to take a What did you do last night?
penalty for his team, but he tripped
and
2
over. He 2 last / you / what / do / did / Sunday / ?
3
the ball properly and
it only moved a metre. ‘Even the
referee
4
,’
5
one 3 you / how many hours / last night / did / sleep / ?
spectator.

eat not leave play show want 4 do / on your last birthday / did / what / you / ?

In 1989, the Italian football team
6
Pianta played a match against
7 5 did / last summer / where / go / you / on holiday / ?
Arpax. The referee to

send off one of the Pianta players,
8
D’Ercoli, so he him the
9
red card, but D’Ercoli the
pitch. He took the red card from the
10
referee and it!

skills
A question of sport
1 Label the pictures. 2 Complete the sentences. Use the words in the box.
athletics gymnastics karate swimming judo surfing
a b
1 In women’s , they compete on four pieces
of apparatus.
2 One hundred metres is the shortest race in Olympic
.
3 They built a new pool for the Olympic
Games.
4 He threw him onto the mat and won the
c d
competition.
5 You need big waves for .
6 Judo and are martial arts from Japan.
3 Write the sports from exercises 1 and 2 in the correct

column.
play do go
e f
athletics

g h
lllll Extension: Verbs: sports and games
4 Complete the sentences using the past simple form of

the verbs in the box.
compete lose miss pass score win serve
i j
1 Carl Lewis competed in four Olympic Games and
nine gold medals.
2 Fabio Grosso the winning goal in the
2006 World Cup Final.
3 Maurice Baker the ball to Darius Rice,
who threw the ball into the basket.
4 Thierry Henry scored two goals, but France still
k l
the match.
5 David Beckham a penalty against
Turkey in 2003. The match finished 0–0.
6 Venus Williams has the fastest serve in women’s
tennis. In 1998 she the ball at
206 km per hour.

GRAMMAR
Past simple and continuous
1 Choose the correct tense: past simple or past continuous. 3 Look at the pictures and write the story. Use the prompts to
help you.
1
Last winter, I had / was having a nasty accident while
2 1
I skied / was skiing. I was with my friend Joe. It was a
3
beautiful morning. The sun shone / was shining and
4
lots of people skied / were skiing. Suddenly, Joe
5
lost / was losing control as he was going round a
6
corner and crashed / was crashing into me. I
7
fell / was falling and broke my leg. An air ambulance
8 9
arrived / was arriving and took / was taking me to
hospital. I was in hospital for two weeks! Last month Joe and Simon / go / the motorbike Grand Prix.
The sun / shine / and the crowd / be / happy. Joe and Simon
/ stand / near the finish line.
challenge!
Complete the sentences. Use did, didn’t, was, wasn’t, were
or weren’t.
1 ‘ Were you playing volleyball when he arrived?’ ‘No,
we .’
2 ‘ she win the race?’ ‘Yes, she .’ 2
3 you watch the match while you having
dinner?’ ‘No, we .’
4 What you do when you got home?
5 ‘ he ring while she doing her homework?’
‘Yes, he .’
6 ‘How many goals he score?’ ‘He score
any goals. He playing!’ The race / be / really exciting. Two riders / race / very close.
On the last corner / Colin Edwards / lead. Suddenly, / Nicky
Hayden / pass / Edwards. Edwards / be / surprised. He /
2 Complete the sentences. Use the past simple or past
lose / control of his motorbike.
continuous form of the verbs in brackets.
1
Last year my dad and I visited (visit) the USA.
2
While we (stay) in Los Angeles, we
3
(go) to a basketball game between the
3
Los Angeles Lakers and the Chicago Bulls. The
4
atmosphere inside the stadium (be)
really exciting. Thousands of spectators
5
(cheer). The Los Angeles Lakers
6
(score) 30 points in the last 10
7
minutes, but they (not win). After the
8
game, one of the players (throw) the
ball into the crowd and a man in front of us Edwards / crash / 500m before the finish line. While he /
9 10
(catch) it. While we check / his motorbike, eleven other riders / finish / the race.
11
(leave) the stadium, the man (give) Hayden / win / the Grand Prix, but the crowd / cheer / when
12
us the ball and (say): ‘Here’s a Edwards / cross / the finish line!
souvenir!’

writing
A magazine article challenge!
Preparation Match the people with their achievements.
1 won the Tour de France cycle race seven
1 Complete the text using the words in the box.
times in succession.
country admire records medal famous team 2 won 18 singles titles, 31 women’s
coaches champion joined number doubles titles and 10 mixed doubles titles.
3 won gold medals at four successive
A Khadr Sayed El Touni Paralympics (from 1992 to 2004).
1
was a 4 won the World Heavyweight Boxing
Egyptian weightlifter. He Championship three times.
was born in 1915 in Cairo. 5 won the World Cup for skiing in 2008.
His teachers at Shobra 6 is a retired American athlete who won five
school were weightlifting Olympic gold medals.
2
, so Khadr 7 is the only footballer ever to win three
started practising the sport at a very early age. World Cups.
3 8 won 14 Olympic gold medals and holds
B He a number of weightlifting clubs in
Cairo and started to win competitions. At the age of seven world records in swimming.
twenty-one he was a member of the Egyptian
4
at the 1936 Olympics in Berlin. He won
5
a gold and broke the Olympic and world
6
.
C After the Olympic Games he was world
7
three times and won three gold medals.
Khadr also held lots of world records and he was the
world’s
8
one weightlifter in the history of a Lindsay Vonn b Tanni Grey-Thompson
the sport until 1996.
9
D I him because he wanted to win so
much. At the Olympics in London in 1948, he was very
ill. However, he was determined to represent his
10
and he almost won a bronze medal.
2 Match the headings (1–4) with the paragraphs (A–D). c Michael Phelps d Michael Johnson
1 Early successes 3 Early years
2 Why I admire him 4 Later years
Writing task
3 In your notebook write an article (130–150 words) about a
sportsperson or another famous person. Divide your article
into three or four paragraphs. Choose one of these topics
for each paragraph: e Lance Armstrong f Pelé
• Early years • Greatest achievements

• Early successes • Why you admire him/her
• Later years
Check your work

Have you
ivided your article into paragraphs, each with its
d g Martina Navratilova h Muhammad Ali
own topic?
checked grammar, spelling and punctuation?

1 Correct the underlined words. 3 Put the verbs in the correct past simple or past continuous
forms.
1 He didn’t kicked the ball once in the whole game!
1 It (rain) heavily when he
2 They didn’t won a medal but they played well. (have) the accident.
2 Helen (fall) over when she
3 Karl come first in the race. (ski) very fast down the mountain.
3 While we (have) dinner, Jack
4 He tripped over a dog and falled over. (come) home from the match.
4 He (say) he wasn’t well when we
5 Sally swimmed from England to France last summer! (go) to the stadium.
5 When I (finish) my homework, the sun
6 How many Olympic games do she compete in? (not shine) anymore.
6 They (row) very fast when they
7 We eated pasta for lunch. (crash) into the bridge.
7 He (lose) control of his bicycle when he
8 Did Karen met her friends at the shopping centre? (race) to the finish line.
8 The ball (hit) Tom in the face when he
9 I taked part in a surfing competition last July. (watch) the game.
9 A shark (attack) Bethany when she
10 What happened when the boat sink? (surf) in Hawaii.
10 The footballer (get) a red card and
(leave) the pitch.
Your score /10
Your score /10
2 Rewrite the sentences in the correct negative or
interrogative forms of the past simple. 4 Put the verbs in brackets in the correct past simple or past
continuous form.
1 They laughed at my jokes. (7)
1
Last month I (go) skiing for the first time. The
2
2 Neil cheated in the exam. (?) weather (be) good all week. By the end of
3
the week I (ski) very well. On the last day the
4 5
3 We left school early yesterday. (7) sun (shine) and we (have) a
6
race. My two best friends (lead) but I
7 8
4 John scored two goals in the match (?) (pass) them. I (cheer) when I
9
suddenly (lose) control of my skis and I
10
5 Mary bought a new dress for her sister’s wedding. (?) (hit) a tree! I soon stopped cheering after
that!
6 I ate breakfast yesterday before the exam. (7)
Your score /10
7 Mike competed in the last Olympics (7) Total /40
8 Your dad retired last year. (?)
9 I caught the ball. (7)
10 The spectators cheered at the end of the game. (?)
Your score /10

1 Answer the vocabulary quiz questions. 2 Complete the article with the correct words a–d.
Quiz
1 Roger Federer isn’t just good at tennis, he’s !
2 .
3 It took ages to after my injury. I couldn’t play

football for weeks.
4 We were skiing when a snowstorm set .
5 ‘Where’s Room 12?’ ‘Go that door and it’s on

the left.’
6 Top sports stars earn a lot of money from like

Nike.
Paula Radcliffe is a British long distance runner. She started
1
7 . competing in at the age of seven, but she did
not start running marathons until she was nearly 30. When
2
she ran her first London marathon, she set
8 Matt was diving when he cut his leg on a rock.
well, and went on to win the race. The following year, not
9 I didn’t believe you! I knew you were playing a only did she win, but she also set a new world record of 2
3
on me. hours, 15 minutes and 25 seconds. After her
10 ‘That wasn’t a goal!’ ‘Let’s play the video and performance in these two races, she was selected for the
4
check!’ British Olympic to run the marathon in Athens
5
11 . in 2004. People thought she was to win a gold
6
medal, but she suffered a leg just two weeks
7
before she was due to head Greece. She
12 Wild animals usually have a strong survival . had to take a lot of medicine to
8
in time for the
9
13 She slowed down while she was running competition. This set her health even further
the hill. because the medicine affected her stomach. In the Athens
Olympics she stopped running after 36 km and could not
14 You need to the racket when you hit the ball.
finish the race.
15 . In the seasons that followed, Radcliffe fought a
10
with more injuries, but managed to qualify
for the Beijing Olympics in 2008. Unfortunately, her stomach
16 I was in the park when a dog set me.
failed her again, but she finished the race in 23rd position.
17 If we play our right, we’ll win this match.
1 a athleticism b athletics c athletes d athletic
18 . 2 a off b on c in d down
3 a outspoken b standing c well d outstanding
4 a kit b stadium c team d pitch
19 I walked the road to get to the shop on the 5 a destined b sunk c towards d gripped
other side. 6 a hurt b injury c damage d harm
7 a for b of c on d in
20 They set early in the morning. 8 a cover up b discover c catch up d recuperate
9 a aside b back c off d down
Your score /20
10 a fight b struggle c battle d combat
Your score /10
Total /30

3 reading
Town and country
Before reading: Describing places to live 5 Are the sentences true or false? Write T or F. Correct the
false sentences.
1 Match the two halves of the sentences.
1 St Kilda is 65 km west of Scotland.
1 The house was a she can speak eight
empty – languages. 2 It takes 14 hours to get from Scotland to St Kilda by
2 It’s an enormous b the population is about boat.
city – eight million.
3 She’s an extraordinary c there are fields all 3 Not many people visit St Kilda.
woman – around it.
4 He isn’t lonely – d there are only a few 4 Many inhabitants of St Kilda moved to other countries to
sheep. find work.
5 It’s a rural village – e there aren’t any cars.
6 The roads are f nobody was at home. 5 In 1930, the final 36 inhabitants wanted to stay on
silent – St Kilda.

7 It’s a tiny farm – g he’s got lots of friends.
6 On 29 August 1930, the final 36 inhabitants went to
Australia.
2 Choose the correct word in these sentences.
1 It’s a stressful / relaxing place to live. Everybody is busy 7 There are only scientists on the islands today.
all the time.
2 The town centre is modern / old – it was built less than 8 There isn’t any entertainment on the islands.
thirty years ago.
3 It’s a very dangerous / safe place to live. There isn’t
much crime.
4 The air is very clean / polluted because of all the cars. The Edge of the World
5 It’s a very boring / exciting city – there’s a lot to see.
6 Tourists visit the lake because it’s very pretty / ugly. a St Kilda isn’t an easy place to get to. It’s in the Atlantic
Ocean about 65 km west of the Outer Hebrides islands,
7 The village is quite noisy / quiet because it’s very near
which are to the north-west of Scotland. It takes 14 hours
a big airport.
to get there from Scotland by boat. A few people visit the
tiny islands of St Kilda every year, but not many.
3 Read the first sentence of b About two hundred years ago, the population of St Kilda
each paragraph and match was about 200. They had their own way of life. They
each paragraph with the climbed up the cliffs and caught sea birds for food. They
correct topic. had meetings in the village streets and made their own
Leaving St Kilda laws. They didn’t have much contact with people from
St Kilda today other places.
St Kilda around 1800 c But life was hard for the people of St Kilda, and many
Where is St Kilda? decided to leave the islands and travel to the USA or
Australia to look for work. They wanted to earn money
and have a better life. By 1930, there were only 36
4 Read the text and check your
inhabitants left. They decided that they wanted to leave
answers to exercise 3.
too, and on 29 August, a boat arrived and took them to
Scotland. They never returned.
d Today, there aren’t any permanent inhabitants of St
Kilda on the islands. However, the islands are not empty.
Scientists live and work there, studying the sea birds and
other wildlife. There are also a few soldiers. There isn’t much
entertainment, but at least there is now a sauna and a café!
20 Unit 3 • Town and country

vocabulary
Monowi, Population: 1 do and make
1 Complete the text with the correct form of the words in 3 Complete the sentences with the correct forms of do or
the box. make.
inhabitant abandoned clerk dust found immigrant 1 We maths at school every day.
industrialized ruins junk migrate rural rusting 2 I want to an appointment to see the doctor.
thriving treasurer storey 3 They well in the match and won 4–0.
4 I like money, but it’s not the most important
I come from Wrafter, a small town in the Australian
thing in life.
countryside. The town was 1 in 1789, when 5 I know we shouldn’t judge people’s appearances but his
2 from Ireland came and built farms and dirty shoes a bad impression.
houses. Most of the 3 in the town today have 6 My brother a living working with computers.
Irish names. My family lived in a nice two- 4 7 My granddad always says getting up early doesn’t
house with a big garden. My dad had a good job as a you any harm!
5 in the office of a big farm. He was also the 8 Everybody mistakes, but only a few people
6 for the local football team; as well as looking learn from them.
after the team’s money, he trained the team, too! However, 9 I really badly in my exams. I only passed
when I was eighteen I left Wrafter and I 7 to three of them.
Brisbane. I wanted to live in a 8 city, not a small 10 My uncle has lots of different jobs, but this
is his favourite one.
town where nothing changed. I didn’t have much money
and I found a cheap flat in the 9 part of the
My home town
city where all the factories were. The building was almost 10
: almost nobody else lived there and I wasn’t 4 Complete the dictionary entries with the correct words.
surprised! The building was very old and almost in
11 . The flat was very dirty and full of noun [C] a large building that contains separate flats or offices:
12 . In one room I found a lot of 13 , a1 of flats
an old fridge, a washing machine that was 14 , adj with people from all over the world: a 2 city
noun [C] a place on the coast where sailors tie their boats up: there are
and a TV that didn’t work. After one night in that horrible flat some fishing boats in the 3
I wanted to go back to my quiet 15 life in the adj a particular place near you: our children go to the 4
countryside! school
noun [C] a particular part of a town and the people who live there:
we live in a friendly 5
People on the move
noun [C] a place where a lot of people go on holiday: we went to a
seaside 6 last summer
2 Who says each sentence?
noun [C] an area outside the central part of a city where people live:
1 ‘It’s an important place for our religion and that’s why we I live in a 7 but I work in the city centre
visit it every year.’ pilgrim adj relating to towns or cities: a lot of people have moved from the
2 ‘I was in Indonesia for a month and now I’m going to visit countryside to 8 areas
Vietnam and then Japan.’
3 ‘We’re going to leave our country because there aren’t any
jobs.’ Homophones
4 ‘I get to work in half an hour but when there are problems
5 Circle the correct words.
with the underground I’m always late.’
1 He works in a ten-story / ten-storey office block.
5 ‘When the fighting started, I had to leave the country
2 He said he knew / new where the money was.
immediately.’
3 I don’t think the breaks / brakes on this car work
6 ‘I’ve been in this country for ten years and I’ve always
very well.
found work.’ 4 When did he dye / die his T-shirt?
7 ‘We always move to the places where there is food for our 5 Jack sighed / side and said he was sorry.
animals.’ 6 Those children groan / grown a lot. Are they ever happy?
7 My dad would never kill a dear / deer.
8 He blue / blew out all the candles on his birthday cake.
Unit 3 • Town and country 21

grammar
Quantifiers: some, any, much, many, a lot of, a little, a few
1 Complete Penny’s email to her penfriend with some and any.
Hi Maria
I hope you’re well. Sorry I haven’t sent you 1 emails recently. I had exams all last week! I think
they went OK, but I haven’t had 2 results yet. Have you got 3 exams this term?
I’m going shopping in New York tomorrow with 4 friends. We’re going to the department
stores to buy 5 new clothes. There aren’t 6 department stores near my house. There
are 7 good clothes shops in town, but they’re expensive. Are there 8 good shops
where you live?
Write soon
Love
Penny
2 Look at the picture. Choose the correct expression to 4 Complete the description of
complete the sentences. New York. Choose the best words.
IYNY
New York is one the most exciting cities in the world.
There are 1 lots of / much things to do in Manhattan,
the heart of New York. There are hundreds of museums,
restaurants, cafés, clubs and theatres to visit, and
2 a little / a lot of exclusive and expensive shops.
In the past the air was very polluted, but now there isn’t
3 some / much pollution. In fact, New York is now
a very clean city. There’s 4much / a lot of beautiful

scenery around the city. On Long Island, only 5 a few
/ many miles from New York, you can find 6 some /
any fantastic beaches, and to the west of the city even
7 much / a few mountains where you can ski.
1 There is a lot of / a little traffic.
New Yorkers are very welcoming – you won’t find
2 There aren’t many / any fields. 8 much / many unfriendly people. So come and spend
3 There are a lot of / a few street lights. 9 a little / a few time in New York. You won’t regret it!
4 There aren’t many / any pedestrians.

5 There are a few / a lot of advertisements.
6 There aren’t a few / any hedges.
challenge!
3 Which endings for these sentences are correct? Tick (3) A, B
or both. Write five sentences describing the place where you live.
Use the words in the box to help you.
1 In this village, you don’t see many
block of flats car factory farm fresh air noise
A cars. B traffic.
busy road night-life pollution scenery traffic
2 On the High Street, you can find a few
A rubbish. B cafés. There aren’t many factories in my town.
3 Our house is in the middle of a lot of beautiful There’s some beautiful scenery around my village.
A fields. B scenery. 1
4 The village doesn’t have much 2
A pollution. B street lamps. 3
5 The petrol station sells a few 4
A food. B books. 5
6 Can you see any 6
A water? B roadworks?

skills
Landscapes
1 Look at the pictures and complete the puzzle. Find the mystery word.
1
1 2 3 4

2
3
4
5
6 5 6 7 8
7
8
9
10 9 10 11 12
11
12
13
14
13 14 15 16
15
16
17
18
17 18
Mystery word:
2 Complete the sentences with prepositions of movement, and

match them to the pictures.
1 Mark walked the postbox.
lllll Extension: Compound nouns
2 Sylvia ran the pavement.
3 Jamie went the bridge. 3 Complete the text using compound nouns: the noun in
4 Philip rode the fence. brackets plus a word from the box (before or after). Use
a dictionary to check whether they are written as one
5 Jessica drove the gate.
word or two.
a basket centre computer ends pool news

b
sweat table work
Last Saturday I went shopping with my parents. We went

c to the new 1 shopping centre (shopping) near our town. I
bought a new 2 (shirt). My sister bought a
magazine. I prefer to read 3 (papers).
In the afternoon I went to the sports centre with my
d e friends, Jake and Patrick. I always go there at
4 (week). There’s a really good
5 (swimming) there, but we didn’t go
swimming. We played 6 (tennis) and
7 (ball). In the evening I did my
8 (home), and then I played
9 (games) with my sister.

GRAMMAR
Definite, indefinite and zero articles
1 Complete the sentences. Use a or an and the words in the 4 Read the Look out! box and look at the countries below.
box. Then add four more similar sentences about famous Write the or cross (7) for zero article.
people in your country.
LOOK OUT!
We don’t use The with the names of countries, unless
actor author artist composer footballer the country’s title includes a word like: republic,
politician kingdom, state.
1 The United Kingdom 4 South Africa
1 Beethoven was .
2 Great Britain 5 United States
2 Mohamed Zidan is .
3 Republic of Ireland 6 Czech Republic
3 Gordon Brown is .
4 Omar Sharif is .
5 Shakespeare was . 5 Complete the text with a/an or the.
6 Pablo Picasso was .
7 .
8 .
9 .
10 .
2 Complete the sentences with a or an in one gap and the in

the other.
1 He lives in small town in north of
Scotland.
2 She’s computer programmer in army.
3 He’s only person in the photo who’s wearing We recently moved to South Milton, which is 1 a small
hat. village near the sea. My dad’s 2 doctor, and he got
4 She’s journalist with New York Times.
3
new job here. At first, I thought it was 4
5 I always watch DVD at weekend. most boring place in 5 whole world, because 6
6 head teacher at my school has got new nearest town is 15 kilometres away. But I have new hobbies
car. now.
7 My sister is captain of basketball team. I love going to the beach and going out to sea in my
8 teacher at my school lives by sea. kayak, which is 7 small boat. I go every day when
8 weather is good, and even when it’s bad!
3 Which sentences need a definite article (the) and which are
I also have 9 job in 10 village post office
generalizations? Write the or cross (7) for zero article.
to earn some money. I really like my life in 11
1 I don’t like Mondays. 7 countryside now.
2 I’ll see you at weekend.
3 I don’t really like Italian food.
4 I really like new French film.
5 I never wear jeans. Challenge!
6 tigers live in Asia. Complete the advertisement. Write a, an, the or cross (7) for
7 Polar bears don’t mind cold weather. zero article.
8 I’m not enjoying cold weather this winter. Is 1 7 fun important to you? Do you enjoy 2
9 He’s reading new English book. excitement of 3 big cities? Or are you looking for 4
10 I don’t read books about travel. relaxing break? Whatever you need, we have the perfect
holiday for you. Spend 5 few days in North Wales – 6
scenery is amazing and there are lots of lakes and rivers
for people who like 7 water sports. Or how about 8
weekend in New York? Spend the evening in a restaurant,
and then climb 9 Empire State Building for great views of
10 city at night.

writing
A leaflet
Preparation 2 Complete the adjectives. Use a, e, i, o and u.
1 Complete the leaflets with the phrases in the box. 1 h_st_r_c
2 w_nd_rf_l
a the beautiful sandy beaches
3 b_ _ _ t _ f _ l
b wonderful parks
4 st_nn_ng
c the stunning views
5 _nc__nt
d the Ashmolean Museum and the Museum
6 f_nt_st_c
of Modern Art
e the historic colleges 3 Complete the holiday activities with the verbs in the box.
f climbing, walking, kayaking You need to use some verbs more than once.
buy climb enjoy go relax spend take
visit wander
Historic 1 enjoy a wonderful view
Oxford 2
3
the day in the mountains / at the beach
souvenirs
• Wander through 4 skiing / cycling / walking / swimming, etc.
the streets and 5 a museum / gallery / zoo, etc.
visit 1 of the 6 on the beach
university. 7 shopping
• Take a boat trip on the beautiful River Thames and 8 a trip to …
enjoy the fantastic scenery. 9 to the top of a tall building / tower
• Don’t miss the wonderful paintings at 10 through the streets
2
Writing task
.
• Climb the 99 steps to the top of Carfax tower and 4 In your notebook write a leaflet about a beautiful or
interesting place in your country. Use the Writing Bank on
enjoy stunning views of the ancient city.
page 91 to help you. Write 70–80 words and include this
• Relax in one of Oxford’s 3
. information:
• a title to attract attention.
• information about interesting places to see and visit.
Come to Snowdonia • information about what people can do there.
in the Heart of Wales Check your work

• If you like outdoor activities, Snowdonia is the place Have you
for you. You can go 4
sed bullet points?
u
and lots more. used a variety of adjectives to make your descriptions
• Don’t forget to visit the seaside. Wander along interesting?
5 or take a
walk along the cliffs.
• Visit the historic town of Caernarfon, with its historic
castle. ●●●●● Writing bank: page 91
• Climb to the top of
Snowdon, Britain’s
second-highest mountain,
and enjoy
6

1 Complete the rules about countable and uncountable nouns 3 Match the rules with the examples.
with the words in the box. 1 We don’t use an a He’s been a fireman for
a few many some a little much a lot of any article when we make five years.
generalizations. b We spent two weeks in
1 We use in affirmative sentences with 2 We use the when we the Republic of China.
countable and uncountable nouns. mention something again. c I saw him in a sports
2 We use in negative sentences and 3 We use a when we talk car, but the car wasn’t
questions with countable and uncountable nouns. about something for the his.
first time. d They’ve bought a new
3 We often use in negative sentences and
4 We use the when there is flat.
questions with uncountable nouns. only one of something. e I think television is bad
4 We often use in negative sentences and 5 We use a to talk about for young children.
questions with countable nouns. someone’s job. f We are slowly
5 We often use in affirmative sentences with 6 We use the when the name destroying the Earth.
countable and uncountable nouns. of a country includes an
ordinary noun.
6 We use to talk about small quantities of
uncountable nouns. Your score /6
7 We use to talk about small quantities of
countable nouns. 4 Complete the sentences with a or the or cross (7) for zero
article.
Your score /7
1 Is that ambulance I can hear?
2 We stayed in a hotel in the centre. The location was good
2 Complete the sentences.
but hotel wasn’t!
1 I’ve only put a milk in your tea. Do you want
3 Have you ever been to theatre?
more?
4 Ask John. He’s really helpful person.
2 Don’t drink it all! We haven’t got water and
5 skiing is an expensive sport.
everybody’s thirsty.
6 manager at my dad’s office is leaving the
3 How classmates did you invite to lunch?
company.
4 We’ve only got a DVDs. We usually
7 Is your mum nurse?
download films from the internet.
8 sport is an excellent way for children to
5 Careful! There are a of pedestrians crossing
make friends.
the road!
6 There are newspapers on my desk. Take Your score /8
one before you go.
7 Are there banks in the High Street? 5 Complete the sentences with a or the or cross (7) for zero
8 ‘How money have you got?’ ‘About £5.00.’ article.
9 There’s a traffic in the village in the There’s 1 pedestrian crossing at the end of
morning, but not much. my road, but when you put your foot on 2
10 I need to go shopping. There isn’t food in pedestrian crossing, 3 cars using the street
the fridge. don’t stop! It’s really dangerous. I spoke to my uncle – he’s
11 We don’t know a of people. We’ve just 4 traffic policeman – and he said
moved here. 5 Mayor wants to put 6 traffic
Your score /11 lights at all 7 pedestrian crossings in the town.
I think it’s 8 very good idea.
Your score /8
Total /40

1 Answer the vocabulary quiz questions. 2 Find ten spelling mistakes in the letter.
quiz
Deer Alex,
1 It’s an area. There are factories, but no
Thanks for your letter. It was good to hear from you.
houses.
In answer to your question, my knew job is going
2 What’s the opposite of an emigrant? An .
really well. I think I’ve made a good impresion on the
3 The people who live in a place are the .
boss, and all my colleagues are really nice. However,
4 ‘Where are we?’ ‘I don’t know. There wasn’t a
I don’t think much of my new neighbourhod. It’s really run
when we drove into the village.’
down and some of the buildings are completely abandonned.
5 Someone who has to leave their country because of a war
My block is ten stories high and I live on the top floor.
or a natural disaster is a .
The lift brakes down every week, which is not much fun.
6 ‘Can I make an to see a doctor, please?’
The inabitants of most of the flats seem to be students or
‘Certainly. What time would you like?’
imigrants. My flat is also a long way from my office, so I
7 The cars stopped because the traffic were on
red. spend two hours every day with all the other comuters on
the underground. The city itself isn’t that attractive either,
8 I live in a four- house and my bedroom is
right at the top. and it’s much more industrialized than I expected.
9 We waited at the for 40 minutes, but the bus Hope all is well with you.
didn’t come. Best wishes,
10 It’s very dark outside. They should turn on the Simon

lamps.
1 6
11 Close the when you leave the field. 2 7
12 Jack’s done really . He’s passed all his 3 8
4 9
exams.
5 10
13 Someone who travels to and from work every day is a
. Your score /10
14 The building is empty and . No one uses it
any more.
15 What’s the opposite of rural? .
16 ‘What’s that noise? Is it water?’ ‘Yes, there’s a
at the bottom of the garden.’
17 A narrow road in the country is called a .
18 The dog ran the gate and into the road.
19 The areas outside the centre of a town or city are the
.
20 Don’t drop litter! Put it in the rubbish .
Your score /20
Total /30

4 reading
Heroes
Before reading: Fire! 3 Read the text about Cameron Weir quickly. Which family
members did he save?
1 Choose the correct verb in these sentences.
1 his sister 3 his mum
1 A fire broke / came out in the middle of the night. 2 his brother 4 his dad
2 The furniture broke / burst into flames.
3 The curtains caught / took fire. 4 Read the text carefully. Answer the questions.
4 They had to escape the burning / flaming building. 1 Where were Cameron and his family going when the
5 The flames set / took fire to the house next door. accident happened?
6 The searing heat drove / pushed him back.
2 What are the names of the five people who were in the car?
2 Write the nouns related to these adjectives.

1 brave
3 Who was the first person to escape from the car?
2 safe

3 painful
4 Why couldn’t Cameron see Rosie’s seatbelt?
4 heroic

5 Who rescued Cameron’s father from the car?

Cameron Weir
6 Why did firefighters think Cameron was a passer-by?

Cameron Weir saved the lives of his family, when his parents’
car went off the road and fell into two metres of water in a
canal. The family were travelling home on the motorway,
when their car skidded on some oil. The car crashed through
the metal barrier at the side of the road, rolled down a hill and
landed upside-down in a canal. Cameron, who was only twelve
at the time, quickly unfastened his seatbelt and swam out
through a broken window to the surface.
A few seconds later, Cameron’s mum, Beryl, managed to
swim free, but his seven-year-old brother, Mac, and ten-year-
old sister, Rosie, were still in the car. Cameron didn’t think
twice about it – he went straight back under the water. Later,
Cameron admitted that he was terrified, but he knew he had
to do something about his brother and sister.
Cameron quickly managed to free Mac, then returned for
Rosie, who couldn’t swim. The cold water was cloudy and
Cameron had to feel for her seatbelt. He managed to unfasten
it but ran out of breath. He then had to dive down to the car
for a third time to pull her out. Meanwhile, people passing by
had pulled Cameron’s father, Angus, to safety. He was out of
the water, but he was unconscious.
On the bank of the canal, Cameron took control of the
situation. In fact, Cameron was so calm that the fire fighters
who arrived at the scene mistook him for a passer-by instead
of a survivor. Cameron’s actions were certainly heroic, but for a
child they were quite exceptional.
28 Unit 4 • Heroes

vocabulary
Adjectives ending in -ed and -ing
An award for bravery
1 Complete the sentences with the words in the box.
3 Complete the sentences by adding -ed or -ing.
1 The book is an interest story of heroism.
astounded countless dazed dreadful exhausted
gripping heroic intense terrified 2 He was thrill to hear about his cousin’s visit.
3 Revising for exams can be exhaust .
1 She was to discover that her grandfather had 4 It was very embarrass when I got her name wrong.
received a bravery award. 5 I took the wrong turning because I was bewilder by the
2 The discovery of penicillin has saved the lives of road signs.
people. 6 Please stop that annoy noise!
3 Firefighters rescued a woman and her three 7 The boy folded his arms and gave a bor sigh.
children from the burning house. 8 My little brother is frighten of the dark.
4 The ball hit him on the back of the head, and he was
for a few seconds. 4 Complete each sentence with an adjective. Use the verbs in
the box and add -ed or -ing.
5 They sat under a tree to escape from the heat
of the sun. amaze bore deafen disappoint mesmerize move
6 Only his actions prevented his sister from 1 The plane made a noise as it took off.
drowning. 2 My sister was very by her exam results; she didn’t
7 I’ve just read a book about the people who get in to college.
have been awarded the George Cross. 3 For a child, she showed courage.
8 I was after walking for three hours to reach the 4 It was such a play that most of the audience were
hotel. in tears.
9 He suffered injuries in a climbing accident. 5 As a child, he was by machines; he always took
them apart and rebuilt them.
2 Complete the text with the words in the box.
6 Pets can easily become if they are on their own all
agonizing distressed exceptional horrific
day.
panic-stricken
Challenge!
Write four sentences to describe this photo. Include at
least one adjective ending in -ed or -ing in each sentence.
There were dramatic scenes at West Hill zoo in the south

of England on Saturday when a tiger escaped from its
enclosure. 1 visitors ran screaming as the tiger
attacked. A 2 scene was avoided thanks to the
bravery of the tiger’s keeper, Mark Hamley. He showed
3 bravery in his attempts to recapture the
animal, which were eventually successful. In the confusion,
a mother lost her five-year-old son and had to suffer an
4 wait of nearly an hour before zoo officials
found the child, who was a little 5 but otherwise
unharmed. This is not the first incident of this kind at the
zoo. Safety standards at West Hill attracted severe criticism
four years ago, when a crocodile escaped.
Unit 4 • Heroes 29

grammar
Comparatives and superlatives
1 Complete the table with the missing forms of the adjectives. 4 Complete the sentences with the superlative form of the
1 wealthy wealthier adjective and match them with sentence halves a–f.
2 generous
3 scarier
4 small
5 hot
6 the coldest
7 good
8 worse
9 far
10 the most talented
11 well known
12 the fittest 1 Jupiter is (large) the largest planet in the solar system. d
2 The Nile is (long)
2 Write true sentences using the comparative form of the 3 Titanic is (successful)
adjectives in brackets.
4 The Caspian Sea is (big)
1 silver / gold (heavy) 5 London Heathrow is (busy)
Gold is heavier than silver. 6 Djibouti is (hot)
2 Norway / Brazil (warm)
a river in Africa. d planet in the solar system.

b airport in the world. e country in the world
3 April / January (short)
c lake in the world. f disaster film of all time.

4 fruit / junk food (healthy) 5 Write sentences about your country using superlative
forms of the adjectives.
5 Egypt / Turkey (small) 1 (big city) .
2 (busy port) .
6 Fiats / Ferraris (expensive) 3 (famous building) .
4 (well-known person) .
7 tigers / horses (dangerous)

Challenge!
3 Complete the sentences with your own ideas and a Complete the questions with the comparative or
comparative form of the adjective. superlative form of the adjectives. Then answer the
questions.
1 Physics is difficult, but chemistry is more difficult.
1 What is (big) country in the world?
2 Money is important, but

2 Is the Atlantic Ocean (large) or (small)
3 Football matches are thrilling, but
than the Pacific Ocean?

4 Walking is healthy, but
3 Which is (cold) continent in the world?

5 Mountaineers are brave, but 4 Is gold (heavy) than silver?

6 Bill Gates is well-known, but 5 What’s (high) mountain in the world?

7 Brad Pitt is talented, but 6 Which is (near) to the Sun: Mars or Earth?


skills
Personal heroes 4 Rewrite the sentences so that they include the words in
brackets. Keep the same meaning.
1 Complete the table with nouns related to the adjectives.
1 It’s all about being a loyal friend. (important thing)
adjectives nouns The most important thing is being a loyal friend.
courageous 1 2 My uncle grew up in Australia. (childhood)

cowardly 2
3 As if that weren’t enough, it started to rain. (addition)
educated 3
generous 4 4 I really admire her courage. (admirable)
intelligent 5
loyal 6 5 He’s an inspiring example to other children. (inspiration)

mean 7
6 What I remember most clearly is his calm voice.
modest 8 (stand out)
wise 9
2 Complete the sentences with a noun or adjective from

exercise 1. lllll Extension: biography
1 She showed amazing when she dived into 5 Check the meaning of the words and complete the
the lake to rescue her brother. biography about Helen Keller’s teacher.
2 It was very of Jack’s aunt to pay his became college blind born grew up inspiration
university fees. managed orphanage successful taught
3 I’m very to my friends, and always stand by
them in difficult situations.
4 It’s to compare prices before buying
electronic goods.
5 My grandfather was not an man; he had to
go out to work when he was twelve years old.
6 Luke showed great as a child, and could
read before he was four years old.
7 He’s a very successful businessman, but he’s too
to talk about his own success.
8 My brother is too to buy anybody else a
present.
9 Many people display on a visit to the
dentist.
3 Study the example. Then write more sentences that show Annie Sullivan was 1 in 1866 and
the meaning of the adjectives. 2 in America. Her mother died when she was
1 A wise person knows a lot about the world and makes good nine years old and she had to live in an 3 .
decisions. While she was there, she became blind. In 1880, Annie
2 A cowardly person moved to the Perkins Institution for the Blind, and six years
later she 4 to graduate from 5 .
3 A modest person In 1887, Annie Sullivan met Helen Keller for the first time
and she 6 her teacher. Helen Keller was
4 A generous person
7
too, but she was also deaf and unable to
talk. Annie 8 Helen how to talk, read, write
5 An educated person and feel things. Annie was not only a good teacher, but also
a great 9 , to Helen. She helped Helen go to
6 A courageous person college and to have a very 10 life.


GRAMMAR
3
(not) as … as, too, enough Rewrite the sentences using too or enough and the opposite
adjective in the box. Keep the same meaning!
1 Look at the information about Jeff Smart and Gemma Brown. early generous impatient old optimistic popular
Then write sentences using as … as or not as … as and the short slow wet
adjectives in brackets.
1 We’re too late to see the dawn.
Jeff Smart We aren’t early enough to see the dawn.
Age 20 2 I’m too young to drive a car.
Height 176 cm
Weight 75 kg 3 These jeans aren’t dry enough to wear.

$2,000 per
Money 4 His car isn’t fast enough.
month

45 hours a
Work 5 He’s too mean to pay for my coffee.
week
6 The film wasn’t long enough.
Gemma Brown
Age 18 7 He’s too unpopular to win the award.

Height 176 cm
8 She isn’t patient enough to wait.
Weight 65 kg

$2,000 per 9 You’re too pessimistic about your future!
Money
month
30 hours a
Work 4 Complete the sentences using as or than.
week
1 Today isn’t as cold yesterday.
1 (young) Jeff isn’t as young as Gemma. 2 Are girls more hard-working boys?
2 (old) 3 You didn’t get up as early your sister.
4 Golf is more boring football.
3 (tall) 5 I’m not as rich you think I am.
6 Are you as confused me?
4 (heavy)
Challenge!
5 (rich)
Complete these common English similes with words in the
box. Can you think of similar expressions in your language?
6 (hard-working)
ABC a bat a bee ice lightning a mouse a picture
a tree
2 Now write sentences comparing yourself with Jeff Smart or 1 He’s as cold as .
Gemma Brown.
2 She’s as pretty as .
1 (old) I’m not as old as Gemma. 3 He’s as quiet as .
4 She’s as quick as .
2 (tall) 5 He’s as blind as .
6 She’s as busy as .
3 (heavy) 7 It’s as easy as .
8 He’s as tall as .
4 (rich)
Similar expressions in your language:
5 (hard-working)


writing
A book report
Preparation
1 Complete the text with six of the phrases below. 3 Match the two halves of the sentences.
a moral of the story e was written by 1 I identified with
b is set in f identified with 2 I liked the book because
c as perfect as g in the end 3 In the end
d twist at the end h main character is 4 It was written by
5 It’s a
6 It’s set in
7 It’s the story of
8 It was made into
9 The main character is
10 There’s a twist
a a robot and a young girl.
b it’s a really gripping story.
c at the end.
d an author called Dan Brown.
e a film.
f the main character.
g Joanna Simpson.
h science fiction story.
The Pearl i
j
London in the 25th century.
the main character dies.
A book report by Sam Williams
The Pearl is a short novel. It 1 the famous Writing task
American author John Steinbeck. He published it in
1947, when he was forty-five years old. Steinbeck also 4 Choose a book that you have read recently. Write a report
(130–150 words) following the guide below. Include phrases
wrote fifteen other novels, and won the Nobel Prize
from exercises 1 and 3.
for Literature in 1962.
Paragraph 1
The Pearl 2 Mexico. The 3 Kino, a poor Title of the book.
young man who dives for pearls on the ocean floor. Name and nationality of the author. Other books / awards.
One day, his luck changes and he finds a beautiful Paragraph 2
pearl ‘as big as a seabird’s egg and 4 the moon’. The main events of the story.
However, the pearl does not bring happiness for The main character or characters.
Kino or his young family. Their neighbours become How the book ends.
unfriendly towards them and thieves attack them and
Paragraph 3
try to steal the pearl. So 5 , Kino throws the
Why you liked the book.
pearl back into the sea because of all the bad luck it
What the moral of the story is.
has brought.
I liked the book because the story is very moving and Check your work
the style is simple and poetic. The 6 is very clear:
Have you
money does not bring happiness.
ritten three paragraphs?
w
used the phrases from exercises 1 and 3?
2 What does Sam write about in each paragraph? written 130–150 words?
Paragraph 1:
Paragraph 2:
Paragraph 3:

1 Complete the sentences with your own ideas and a 3 Complete the text with the comparative or superlative form
comparative form of the same adjective. of the adjectives in brackets.
1 Basketball is thrilling, but
Naomi Watts isn’t one of the
2 Elephants are big, but 1 (young) actresses
in Hollywood – she was born in
3 Money is important, but 1968 – but at the moment, she
is one of the 2
4 Dogs are intelligent, but (popular). Some actresses become

famous almost immediately, but
for Naomi, it has been a 3 (long)
5 Amr Zaki is well known, but
and 4 (difficult) process. Her

5 (big) role so far is Ann Darrow in
6 Paris is a busy city, but
King Kong, one of the 6 (successful)

films of 2005. However, she has been a film actress
7 Gold is expensive, but
since 1986 and before King Kong, appeared in many
7 (small) films.
8 Lawyers are well paid, but

9 Lying is bad, but Your score /7

10 Footballers are fit, but
4 Complete the sentences with enough and the adjectives and
nouns in brackets.

1 Karen isn’t to reach that cupboard. (tall)
Your score /10 2 Tim isn’t to ask his teacher for help.
(confident)
2 Complete the sentences with the comparative form of an 3 We haven’t got to make pancakes. (milk)
adjective in the box. 4 It isn’t to play tennis. (warm)
bad difficult hard-working hot interesting rich 5 I never have to watch TV. (time)
tall well known cheap 6 Is your English to have a conversation?
(good)
1 This programme is boring. Let’s watch something
7 There isn’t in the car to give everyone a
.
lift. (room)
2 That question was too easy. Let’s try something
8 You didn’t give me to buy my ticket!
.
(money)
3 I’m too poor to lend you any money. You should ask
somebody . Your score /8
4 I’m too short to be a good basketball player. I wish I was
. 5 Make these sentences true. Use not as … as or the
5 That shop assistant is lazy. Let’s find one who is comparative form of the adjective with than.
. 1 Saturn Jupiter. (big)
6 I’ve never heard of this author. Let’s find a book by 2 China Russia. (large)
somebody . 3 The Nile the Amazon. (long)
7 This morning was quite cold, but this afternoon will 4 The Arctic the Antarctic. (cold)
probably be . 5 Chimpanzees dolphins. (intelligent)
8 He only suffered minor injuries in the fire. He was lucky 6 The speed of sound the speed of
they weren’t . light. (fast)
9 This bag is too expensive. Let’s buy something .
Your score /6
Your score /9
Total /40

1 Answer the vocabulary quiz questions. 2 Complete the text with the correct form of the words in the
brackets.
Quiz
1 He rescued four people. He wasn’t just brave, he was

.
2 The adjective is generous. What’s the noun? .
3 The match was so slow that we became and

left early.
4 Something that is unusually good is .
5 ‘Tom never laughs.’ ‘I know! He hasn’t got a sense of

.’
6 We weren’t just frightened, we were absolutely

.
7 I’ve never had much . I hate waiting even five

minutes.
8 It was a story. I didn’t want it to end.
9 You have to be brave. It takes a lot of to tell

the truth.
Hi Julia,
10 He kept asking for some money. He asked I’m supposed to be studying, but I find history a bit
times. 1 (bore). I thought it would probably be more
11 Climbing the mountain was but the view from
2 (interest) to write to you!
the top was amazing. The problem is my last exam results. Actually, I’m quite
3 (disappoint) because I thought I’d passed
12 I’ve always been of spiders. everything. In the end I failed three subjects, which is
13 When I broke my leg, it wasn’t just painful, it was a bit 4 (annoy) as I have to take them again
. next week. I’d planned to go ice-skating with my friends
today, and I was quite 5 (excite) about going.
14 I felt when I fell off my chair in class. I went
However, my parents, in their 6 (wise), have
bright red!
said that my 7 (educate) comes first, so they’ve
15 The adjective is mean. What’s the noun? . made me stay at home studying. Of course, my friends
16 He showed amazing . He kept trying and have no sense of 8 (loyal) and they’ve gone to
trying until he succeeded. the ice-skating rink without me. What do you think of
that? Never mind. I’m not really 9 (surprise).
17 My uncle is a very man and has read widely I guess I would have done the same in their position.
in several languages. So what are you doing right now? I hope you don’t
18 The film was . I thought it was going to be feel as 10 (exhaust) as you did the last time we
good, but it wasn’t. spoke on the phone. Maybe we can meet up when my
exams are over.
19 A true friend is always and will never betray
Anyway, write soon and tell me what’s been happening.
you.
Love,
20 The adjective is cowardly. What’s the noun? . Simone xx
Your score /20 Your score /10
Total /30

5 reading
Gifts
Before reading: Buildings
challenge!
1 Match the buildings with the definitions.
Write a short text about one of the buildings in exercise 2
castle City Hall concert hall museum (about 50 words). Include the following information:
opera house palace tower skyscraper stadium
• Where is it? • What happens there?
• When was it built?
1 A skyscraper is a very tall modern building.
2 You can listen to classical music in a or
an .
3 You can watch sports events at a .
4 In the past, kings and queens often lived in a
, but these days, they usually live in a
.
5 A is a tall, narrow building. The Library of
6 A is a building used by the government.
7 You can look at old and interesting objects or paintings
in a .
Alexandria
The new Library of Alexandria is one of the most famous
2 Think of examples of the following buildings (either in
libraries in the world. It stands close to where the Royal
your country or in other countries).
Library of Alexandria once stood. The Royal Library was
1 a museum 4 a tower 1
the library in the world and it opened its
2 a skyscraper 5 a palace doors about 2,300 years ago.

Construction of the new library started in 1995 and
3 a castle 6 a stadium 2
hundreds of completed the building in
seven years. The shape of the building represents the sun
rising in the morning and it has become an important
3
on the Egyptian coast. The reading room of
galleries floors place space workers landmark
tourist attractions largest the library is under a 32-metre-high glass roof and it covers
70,000 square metres. The room is on seven connected
4
and it is the biggest in the world.
5
The library has for eight million books
and there are libraries for the blind, young people and
children. There are also three museums, four art
6
, a laboratory for repairing old books and a
conference centre.
The building is one of Alexandria’s most popular

7
. Visitors are impressed by the outside and
inside of the building. The outside wall of the library is
decorated with writing from 120 different alphabets from
around the world. It shows that the new Library
8
of Alexandria wants to be a of learning
for the whole world, just like the Royal Library of
Alexandria was.
36 Unit 5 • Gifts

vocabulary
Famous gifts
1 Complete the sentences or answer the questions. Use the People and buildings
words in the box.
3 Match the words with the definitions.
belongs construction easy generation grounds host
landmark last lighthouse parade property reside 1 A diner is a … a person who goes to a
ship skyline structure museum or art exhibition.
2 A guest is b … a person who watches a
1 What do we call a tall building that warns ships about sporting event.
3 A visitor is c … a group of people who
dangers? .
go to the cinema or
2 We call a big celebration through the streets of a town or city
4 A spectator is theatre.
a . d … a person who stays at a
3 Which verb means to send things by air, land and sea? 5 An audience is hotel.
. e … a person who eats in a
4 What do we call a well known building that helps people restaurant.
know where they are? . Compound nouns
5 The Eiffel Tower is a that builders assembled
from lots of small parts.
4 Complete the compound nouns.
6 What is the noun form of the verb to construct? .

7 The tall buildings in New York make the most famous city
in the world.
8 What do we call the gardens around a big house? .
9 The people who are born around the same time as you, are
from the same . 1 oil 2 house 3 earth
10 What do we call houses and buildings that someone owns?
.
11 Which verb means to continue for some time? .
12 This is my bicycle. It to me.
13 Which verb means to hold an event? .
14 Which verb means to live in a place? .
15 If a building dominates a city, is it difficult or easy to see? 4 land 5 head 6 sky
.
Prepositions of place
Parts of buildings
5 Correct the underlined prepositions.
2 Choose the correct answers.
1 There are 500,000 inhabitants in the island of Malta.
1 A flat piece of material that covers a roof, wall or floor
is a ...
a column. b tile. 2 We had a coffee at the terrace and took photos of the views.
2 A long thick piece of wood or metal that supports a roof
is a ... 3 We lived at the top floor of a block of flats in Paris.
a beam. b terrace.
3 A flat surface that you walk up or down on is a ...
4 The Colosseum is at Rome.
a dome. b step.
4 A tall thick post that supports a roof is a ...
a column. b tile. 5 Children shouldn’t sit on the front passenger seat of the car.
5 A roof with a shape like half a ball is a / an ...
a dome. b arch.
6 He lives in the side of the mountain.
6 An area outside a building where you can look at views
is a ...
a tower. b terrace.
7 A structure with straight sides and a curved top is a / an ...
a arch. b beam.
8 A very tall narrow building is a ...
a tower. b column.
Unit 5 • Gifts 37

grammar
Present perfect
1 Complete the postcard using the present perfect. 3 Imagine you are Alison on holiday in the Algarve. Write a
postcard using the information in exercise 2.
Dear Amy
Dear
It’s now day 3 of our walking holiday in the Alps.
We
1
(be) here since Saturday. We’re We’ ve been here in the Algarve for a week
2 now and I’m having a great time.
really tired because we (walk) more
than 100 km! We
3
(not stay) at a single Helen C
hotel. We
4
(sleep) in our tent every night, 45 Hilli
5 Oxford
so we (save) lots of money.
6 OX2 7
The mountains are really beautiful - we
Englan
(buy) lots of postcards to show you. The nights
7 8
(be) cold, so James Love
(not enjoy) it very much! Alison
See you soon
Bill
4 Complete the text. Use the present perfect, affirmative or
negative.
2 Alison is on holiday in the Algarve. Look at the things she

has done. Write questions and answers. J

1
ane Williams is getting married in July. Her
parents are planning the wedding. They
(decide) which relatives and friends
2
they want to invite, but they
3
(not send) the invitations. They
(speak) to some of the guests and Jane’s dad
4
(find) a hotel for the party. Jane’s mum
5 6
(make) the cake but she
7
(not choose) the flowers yet. They (not
buy) Jane and her fiancé a present yet.
5 Write questions with How long … ? Then write true answers

1 swim in the sea 3 4 read a lot of books 7 with for or since.
2 spend a lot of money 5 make a lot of new
1 you / be / in this class?
on souvenirs 7 friends 7
How long have you been in this class?
3 try windsurfing 3 6 go to an internet café 3 I’ve been in this class since September.
1 Has she swum in the sea? 2 your teacher / know / you?
Yes, she has.
2
3 you / live / in your house or flat?
3

4 4 you / study / English?

5
5 you / have / your shoes?
6

38 Unit 5 • Gifts

skills
Retail
1 Look at the shopping list. Match the gifts with the shops in 4 Complete the dialogue. Use the verbs in the box.
the box.
afford borrow buy cost lend sell spend
charity shop corner shop delicatessen
1
department store hardware store newsagent’s Julian What can I buy my sister for her birthday?
Darren What about some perfume? There’s a department
store across the road.
1 Sarah – earrings department store Julian I can’t
2
perfume. It’s really expensive.
2 Mum – perfume Darren I could
3
you some money.
4
Julian Thanks, but I’d prefer not to money from you.
3 Jack – olives 5
I’ll just make sure I don’t too much on her
4 George – magazine present.
5 Laura – second-hand book Darren You could buy her a DVD. There’s a shop near the
6
station. New DVDs only £9.99 there.
6 Hannah – milk Julian That’s brilliant!
7 Dad – light bulb Darren They only
7
American DVDs, though.
Julian Ah. She hates American films.
Darren Why don’t you just buy her some Swiss chocolates?
2 What can you buy at these shops? Think of at least two Julian OK. Let’s find a delicatessen.
examples for each shop and complete the chart.
You can buy … and … at the …

challenge!
baguettes fresh olives delicatessen
Which shops do you go to in your town and what do you buy
department store there? Write five more sentences like the example.
hardware store I sometimes buy a newspaper at the newsagent’s.
charity shop 1
corner shop

2
lllll Extension: Shopping and money

3 Choose the correct verb in the sentences. 3
1 Do you sell / spend birthday cakes?

2 I can’t pay for / afford £16.
3 How much do you want to cost / spend? 4
4 How much does it cost / charge?
5 Buy two for £100 and sell / save £30!
6 Can I lend / borrow some money from you? 5
7 Can you lend / borrow me £3 to buy this magazine?
8 We charge / cost £5 for replacing watch batteries.
9 Don’t forget, you borrow / owe me £55!
10 ‘Where did you pay for / buy that suitcase?’
‘At the department store in town.’
Unit 5 • Gifts 39

GRAMMAR
Present perfect and past simple
1 Complete the dialogues. Use the present perfect or past 3 Complete the email. Choose the correct tense: the past
simple. simple or present perfect.
Hi Joe,
I’m writing to you from San Francisco. Sorry I
1
haven’t emailed / didn’t email you before now.
2
I can’t believe we were / ’ve been here for only a
3
few days – we arrived / ’ve arrived on Saturday.
1 4
Brian Have you been (be) camping? Yesterday, Dad ’s taken / took me to the island
2
Kim No, I (not have). Have you? of Alcatraz, where the famous prison was.
3 5
Brian Yes, I (go) camping last year. I didn’t travel / haven’t travelled over the
Kim
4
you (have) a good time? Golden Gate Bridge yet, but I hope we’ll do that
Brian No, it
5
(be) awful. soon. Another famous landmark is the Coit Tower,
6
which we visited / ’ve visited this morning. Emily
7
hasn’t wanted / didn’t want to climb all the
way to the top, though. And of course, there are
8
the trams. Have you ever been / Did you ever
9
go on a tram? I had / ’ve had a chance to do it
on Monday. Wow! You don’t have to sit down,
10
so Dad and I have stood / stood at the back,
where you get the best view.
6
Brenda you (see) this film? I’d better go now. Write back soon.
7
Claire Yes, I (have). Tom
8
Brenda When you (see) it?
Claire Last night.
9
Brenda you (enjoy) it?
10
4 Complete the text using the past simple and present
Claire No, I (not think) it was very good. perfect.
2 Complete the sentences. Use the past simple in one
sentence and the present perfect in the other. Bill Gates, the founder of Microsoft,
1 win is one of the richest men in the
1
a Italy the World Cup in 2006. world. In 2005 he
b He’s happy because United all their matches (earn) $175 million. In 2000, he
2
this year. and his wife (start) a
2 tidy charity called the Bill and Melinda
a ‘Can you tidy your room?’ ‘I it this morning.’ Gates Foundation. So far they
3
b ‘Can you tidy your room?’ ‘I it.’ (give) about $28
3 arrive billion of their fortune to the
4
a What time you home last night? foundation. Since 2000 the foundation
b ‘ Tom ?’ ‘Yes, he’s in the living room.’ (spend) billions of dollars on health and education. For
5
4 cook example, in July 2000, it (give)
a Come on, let’s eat. Dad dinner. $40 million to scientists working on new ways to fight
6
b Who this food? It’s delicious. malaria. In May 2005, it (provide) more
5 meet than $11 million for schools and colleges in Chicago.
a I lots of interesting people since I arrived. And since 2000, public libraries across the USA
7
b you anyone interesting while you were (receive) $250 million to pay for
on holiday? computers and internet access.
40 Unit 5 • Gifts

writing
An informal letter
Preparation 3 Look again at the letter. In which paragraph did the writer:
1 say
thank you for the first time? 1
1 Write the lines (a–e) in the correct places (1–5) in the
2 say what happened on the special occasion?
letter.
3 say what the present is and say something about it?
a Love, d Kate 4 say thank you again?
b Dear Uncle George, e 4th January 5 say what other presents she received?
c 45 Whitehouse Road
Bristol BS22 6TH 4 Complete the sentences with the colloquial words and
phrases in the box.
1 brilliant go with gorgeous given … back mates
plane reckon the States
1 Thanks for the camera – it’s .

2 2 I hope you enjoyed your holiday in .
Thanks for the souvenir!
3
3 I love the jumper you sent. It will my new
jeans perfectly.
4 Thanks for the computer. All my think it’s
Paragraph 1 really cool.
a 5 The scarf you gave me is . Thank you very
the
much!
jumper that you sent me for my birthday. It’s fantastic! It’s 6 The DVD was great. I it’s his best film so far.
b
my favourite colour. . 7 Thanks for the guidebook. I’m going to read it on the
I’ve already worn it to school and to my friend’s house. .
8 I love the cook book! I borrowed it from the library but
Paragraph 2 I’ve it .
c
. My
Writing task
sister came home from university and our grandparents came
d
5 In your notebook write an informal thank-you letter. Use the
to stay. . Writing Bank on page 90 to help you. Write 130–150 words
Mum and Dad gave me some jewellery and I got new perfume and follow this plan.
Paragraph 1
too. I’m going to wear it tonight. • Say thank you. Say what the present is and say something
Paragraph 3 about it. What’s it like? Why do you like it? Have you used it?
Paragraph 2
e
, • Say what you did on the special occasion. Say what other
presents you received.
and that we see you soon. Thanks again for the jumper!
Paragraph 3
4 • Say thank you again.
5 Check your work

Have you
laid out the letter correctly?
included all the information?
2 Complete spaces a–e in the three paragraphs of the written 130–150 words?
letter with the phrases in the box. checked grammar, spelling and punctuation?
Thank you very much for It’s just what I wanted
I got lots of great presents I had a really good birthday
I hope you and Aunt Joan are well ●●●●● Writing bank: page 90
Unit 5 • Gifts 41

1 Match the words with the definitions. 4 Put the verbs in the correct present perfect or past simple
1 We use since… forms.
2 We use for… 1
I (buy) a new bicycle yesterday.
3 We use How long… 2
Jane never (be) abroad.
a … to describe a period of time. 3
I (visit) Petra in Jordan last year.
b … to ask about the length of time of the present situation.
4
When he (arrive) home from school?
c … to describe a point of time.
5
We (go) to the Manchester United match last
Your score /3 week.
6 I never (live) in Spain.
2 Complete the dialogue using How long for the questions and 7 you ever (work) in another country?
since and for for the answers.
8 What time the meeting (start)?
1
Jane: ? 9 Have you ever (travel) abroad?
Sarah: I’ve lived in London
2
five years. 10 He (borrow) some money from me a week ago.
3
Jane: ? Your score /10
4
Sarah: I’ve spoken English I was a schoolgirl.
5 5 Put the verbs in the correct present perfect or past simple
Jane: ?
forms.
6
Sarah: I’ve been a doctor I finished university. 1
A you ever (be) to Alexandria?
7
Jane: ? B Yes, I have.
8 2
Sarah: I’ve worked at the hospital two years. A When you (go)?
3 4
Jane:
9
? B We (go) last year for a holiday. you
10 ever (visit) Alexandria?
Sarah: I’ve been married a year. 5
A Yes, I have. I (be) there lots of times because
Your score /10 my dad is from there.
6
B Why he (leave)?
3 Write answers to the questions using since and for. A He
7
(leave) because he got a job here in
8
1 How long has Andy worked here? London. He (work) here for twenty years.
9
(Andy / six years) B So you always (live) here!
2 How long have you had that MP4 player? A Yes, I have and I love both cities.
(I / my birthday)
Your score /9
3 How long has Danny known Frank?
(Danny / they were children)
Total /40
4 How long have your parents been married?
(my parents / twenty-five years)
5 How long has your brother worked in Dubai?
(my brother / last year)
6 How long has Mary been ill?
(Mary / three days)
7 How long have you been at this school?
(I / three years)
8 How long have they lived in Sydney?
(they / ten years)
Your score /8
42 Unit 5 • Gifts

1 Answer the vocabulary quiz questions. 2 Choose the correct alternative.
Quiz
The Sights of Sydney
1 ‘The lamp won’t work.’ ‘Maybe you need to change the Sydney is built around a beautiful natural harbour. The
light .’ 1
city’s most famous lighthouses / landmarks are the
2 The people watching a play in the theatre are the Opera House and the Harbour Bridge, both of which are
2
. major features of the Sydney skyline / parade. The
3
Harbour Bridge, with its characteristic arch / column,
3 It’s a book. It isn’t new.
is called ‘the coat hanger’ by locals. On a harbour cruise
4
4 ‘I’d like this jumper, please.’ ‘You can pay for it at the you can see the headquarters / grounds of Taronga
cash .’ Zoo, and also Kirribilli House, where the Australian prime
5
5 I enjoy shopping. I never go into the shop and minister sometimes belongs / resides.
buy anything! But back to the Opera House. Its most notable
feature is the roof, which consists of over a million
6 Don’t throw those old clothes away! Give them to a 6
tiles / domes. Today the centre attracts an estimated
shop to sell. 7
four million hosts / visitors per year. The
8
7 If you own something, it is your . construction / column took 16 years to build and the
process tested our knowledge of architecture to its limits.
8 A is a food shop that sells cheese and cold
As it stands, the Sydney Opera House is a cutting-edge
cooked meat. 9
structure / tower which is recognized worldwide for its
9 The people eating in a restaurant are the . elegance and grace.
Sydney is a shopper’s paradise. You can visit the Queen
10 The surface of the earth moves violently in an .
Victoria Building or the Strand Arcade, and spend hours
11 If you rent a house from someone, that person is your 10
browsing / shipping in the countless shops and
. boutiques. Be sure to check the price tags though! All the
12 The Eiffel Tower is one of the on Paris’s skyline. top designer labels are sold there.
13 ‘Who does this bag to?’ ‘Tom.’
14 ‘How much is it?’ ‘I’m not sure. Look at the price

.’
15 She bought a magazine at the .
16 The people watching a sports event are the .
17 I’m going to buy a new suitcase in the store in

town.
18 I climbed the to the top of the tower. There

were 150!
19 When we moved to America, we had to our

furniture by sea.
20 A round roof on a building is a .
Your score /20
Your score /10
Total /30
Unit 5 • Gifts 43

6 reading
Technology
Before reading: The future 4 Answer the questions.
1 Complete the phrases with nouns in the box. 1 What prediction from thirty years ago are people repeating
now?
copies damage diseases the environment

the future predictions a robot
2 Why will there be fewer accidents in the future?
1 make predictions 5 make
2 build 6 predict 3 What kinds of job will robots be able to do in the future?
3 cure 7 damage
4 repair 4 What are some scientists worried about?

2 Use the phrases in exercise 1 to complete the sentences. 5 What are the most extreme predictions?
1 It’s difficult to make predictions about the future.
2 Nanobots can to the human body.
3 Scientists are trying to that can do the 5 Read the text again and underline two positive predictions
and two negative predictions about robots.
housework.
4 If nanobots escape, they could .
6 Which predictions do you think are more likely to come true:
5 ‘Do you think that robots will one day take over the the positive or the negative? Give a reason.
world?’
I think the predictions are more likely to
‘I don’t know. I can’t !’
come true because .
6 Doctors are continually developing new ways to
.
7 Some scientists are worried that nanobots will be able
to of themselves.
change control inventors nightmare predictions

the world worries
Robot Revolution
‘Are you tired of cleaning the house? Tired of cooking?
Don’t worry. Soon, domestic robots will do all the boring
4
jobs while you relax.’ People were saying this thirty years will develop robots that are incredibly
ago, but it hasn’t happened. Now they’re saying it again, intelligent and that will do the jobs of doctors, pilots and
1
but this time it’s probably true. Robots will scientists.
5
our lives. But will this new technology be a dream or a However, other scientists have serious
2
? about robot technology. They believe that intelligent robots
6
Some scientists believe that robots will make might be difficult to . What happens if robots
3 7
a better place. We will build robots that don’t follow instructions? The most extreme
can do all the dangerous and difficult jobs. There’ll be say that robots will destroy the human race and possibly the
fewer accidents and life will be safer. They think that entire planet.
44 Unit 6 • Technology

vocabulary
What’s the big idea? Health problems
1 Complete the sentences and answer the questions. 2 Circle the wrong words in each group and say why they are
1 Where can you find a submarine? wrong.
a in the air 1 surgeon skeleton outpatient patient
b on land
A skeleton is part of the body. It isn’t a person you find in
c under the water
a hospital.
2 virus ward casualty operating theatre
2 Which verb means to make something smaller?
a shrink b inject c cure 3 organ muscle skeleton casualty
3 You make a prediction about the …
a past. b future. c present. 4 infection epidemic surgeon virus
4 If you consume something, you …
5 cure diagnose prescribe ward
a use it. b save it. c lose it.
5 Which noun means a small coloured ball?
a concrete b marble c virus Collocations
6 When you reproduce something, you …
a copy it. b sell it. c post it.
3 Complete the sentences with the nouns that we often use
with the verbs in bold.
7 You try on clothes in a shop to see if they are your …
1 The sports commentator makes a prediction about
a weight. b jeans. c size. the result of the match every week but he’s always wrong!
8 We call a bad dream a … 2 The laboratory is developing that will
a nightdream. b nightmare. c badnight. make cars safer to drive at night.
3 The doctors at the hospital think they can cure the
9 You cure someone who is …
.
a well. b happy. c ill.
4 This isn’t big enough. You need to increase the
10 Which verb means to put a drug or medicine into .
someone’s body? 5 We should all recycle our rubbish and protect the
a invest b invent c inject .
11 What can enter your body and cause disease? 6 I’m going to the chemist. My doctor has prescribed some
a a virus b an organ c a medicine for my headache.
7 You should live in the present and stop trying to predict
12 An invisible object is a thing you …
the !
a can’t see. b will see soon. c can see.
8 Last night I had a terrible I didn’t pass
13 If you talk about the entire population of a town, you are one exam!
talking about …
a most of the people. Word building
b some of the people.
c all of the people.
1 Alice was a very successful / success student at school.
14 The heart and brain are examples of …
2 Footballers get a lot of muscle / muscular injuries.
a limbs. b organs. c bodies.
3 People don’t do enough to protect the environment /
15 We sometimes call the place where we live and work environmental.
a / an … 4 William wants to study medicine / medicinal at university.
a environment. b material. c vehicle. 5 Henry’s new car looks very future / futuristic.
6 You must clean that cut before you get an infectious /
infection.
7 Technology / Technological is very useful but we still need
experienced workers.
8 There have been a lot of important science / scientific
discoveries recently.
Unit 6 • Technology 45

grammar
will and going to
1 Choose will or going to in these predictions. 5 A That music is too loud.
1 I think England will / are going to win the next World Cup. B Sorry, I it
2 Kate will / is going to win. She got the best marks in the .
test.
3 Look at that car! It’s going too fast. It ’ll / ’s going to
crash!
4 Do you think you ’ll / ’re going to live in the same town
all your life? 6 A Has Ben got a place at
5 I think it ’ll / ’s going to rain next week. university?
6 I’ve bought Tom a games console for his birthday. I’m B No. He a job.
sure he ’ll / ’s going to like it.
7 He’s running past the goalkeeper. He ’ll / ’s going to
score a goal! Yes, he’s scored!
2 Complete the dialogues with the verbs in the box. Use will 3 Complete the dialogue. Use will or going to and the verbs
or going to. in brackets.
Sam 1 Are you going to come (come) to the cinema with me
get have lend look for turn down watch
and Anna tomorrow?
2
1 A Would you like a pizza or Ellie No, I’m not. I (spend) the evening
a burger? with my sister.
B I ‘ll have a pizza, Sam Really? Well, why don’t you both come to the cinema?
3
please. I (get) two extra tickets.
4
Ellie We’ve got other plans. We (have)
dinner in a pizza restaurant.
5
Sam What time you
(go) out?
2 A I’ve decided to buy a new Ellie About 8.00. Why?
digital camera. Sam Maybe we can meet later. I
6
(phone)
B Really? What make you after the film.
you Ellie OK.
?
challenge!
Write down:
1 Two things you intend to do this weekend
3 A Why are you turning on
This weekend I’m going to
the DVD player?

B Because I

a film.

2 Two things you don’t intend to do this weekend

4 A Oh, no! My mobile phone
isn’t working.
B Don’t worry, I 3 Two predictions
you mine.


skills
Early devices
1 Match the words or parts of words and write the devices. 3 Complete the dialogue. Use the words in the box.
1 tele a lator battery charged delete digital Instamatic plug
2 cine b phone switch take
3 gramo c processor
4 type d corder Emma Grandpa! You’ve got a camera.
5 games e phone Roy Well, I try to keep up with modern technology. Besides,
6 calcu f console
I can’t get film for my camera anymore.
7 cam g camera
8 CD h graph Emma Have you taken many photos yet?
9 word i writer Roy Er, not exactly. I can’t it on.
10 tele j player Emma Have you it?
Roy No. How do I do that?
Think before you write! Is it one word or two?
Emma You put the in this small device and then
1 telephone it in.
2 Roy Oh, right. What’s that button for?
3 Emma That’s to a photo, Grandpa! And that one’s
4 to it if you don’t like it.
5 Roy That’s good. I didn’t know I could do that!
6
7
lllll Extension: Phrasal verbs
8
9 4 Complete the chart. Use the verbs in the box.
10 pick put switch take turn
2 Complete the sentences with words from exercise 1.

UP OFF
1 My grandparents still listen to music on an old , 3
1 DOWN ON
which is about 80 years old. OFF ON
4 OUT
2 Can someone pick up the , please? It’s ringing. AWAY OFF
3 ‘What’s that old device?’ ‘It’s a . People used it 2 DOWN
to send messages over long distances.’ ON 5 UP
4 My mum hates technology. She doesn’t switch on a
to type a letter. She uses an old .
5 Complete the sentences with verbs from exercise 4.
5 Sara couldn’t add up the numbers in her head so she
used a . 1 She couldn’t read the newspaper, so she took out her
glasses and them on.
6 Martin! Turn down your ! How can you listen to
2 I can’t hear the music. Can you it up?
such loud music while you’re doing your homework?
3 Don’t leave your coat on the floor. it up!
7 My parents got married in the 1950s. Someone had a
4 off your sweatshirt if you’re hot.
and filmed the wedding.
8 My brother spends hours playing video games on his 6 Complete the sentences. Use away, down, on, and out.
.
1 Remember to take the old batteries.
9 ‘Look at those people surfing!’ ‘Quick! Switch on the
2 Put that knife. It’s dangerous.
and record them!’
3 Turn the TV. I want to watch the news.
4 I’ll wash the plates if you put them in the
cupboard.

grammar
Zero conditional may, might and could
1 Write zero conditional sentences using the words given. 2 Write sentences, with
may or might.
1 It’s possible that she’s hungry.

She might be hungry.
2 It’s possible that I’ll buy a digital radio.

1 people / usually smile / at you / you / smile / at them
3 It’s possible that my mobile phone is broken.
People usually smile at you if you smile at them.
2 I / eat / a lot of chocolate / I feel ill
4 It’s possible that he’ll want to borrow my camcorder.

3 plants / die / they / not get / enough water
5 It’s possible that my parents will buy me a new games

console.
4 you / freeze / water / it / turn / to ice

5 I / can’t / sleep / I / drink / too much coffee 3 Make the sentences in exercise 2 negative.

1
6 I / not do / my homework / my teacher / get / annoyed
2

7 you / turn off / the lights / you / use / less electricity 3
4
8 you / miss / the bus / you / are / late for work 5

4 Complete the answers. Use may, might or could and your
Challenge! own ideas.
Complete the sentences with information that is true of you. 1 ‘What are you doing on Saturday evening?’
Use the zero conditional.
‘I’m not sure.
1 If I go to bed late, ’
2 ‘Where are you going on holiday next summer?’
2 If I forget to do my homework, ‘I haven’t decided yet.
’
3 If I don’t have breakfast, 3 ‘What are you going to buy your mum for her birthday?’
‘I’m not sure.

’
4 I get annoyed if
4 ‘What are you going to do when you leave school?’

‘I don’t know yet.
5 If I eat too much,
’

5 ‘What are you going to have for dinner this evening?’
6 I feel sad if ‘I don’t know.
’

writing
A formal letter
Preparation 3 Write the words in the correct order to make sentences from
letters of complaint.
1 Match the parts of the formal letter (a–h) with the numbers
1 to / fault / I / writing / am / report / a
on the diagram (1–8).

1
2 to / returning / I / am / the / camera / you

3 would / the / you / could / grateful / repair / if /

modem / I / be
3 2

4 DVD player / could / send / please / me / new / a /
you / ?
4

5
5 together with / enclosing / I / the digital radio / am / the
receipt

6 look / I / forward / you / from / to / hearing

6 Writing task
7 4 In your notebook write a formal letter of complaint about a
new gadget. Use the Writing Bank on page 90 to help you.
8 Write 130–150 words and include this information:
Paragraph 1
• Explain why you are writing. Say what the gadget is
a the date called. Say when and where you bought it.
b your name – printed Paragraph 2
c Yours faithfully (or Yours sincerely) • Say exactly what the problem is.
d Dear Sir or Madam (or Dear + name) Paragraph 3
e your address 1 • Say that you are returning the gadget. Ask the company to
repair it or send you a new one.
f the name and address of the person
you are writing to
g your signature Check your work
h the main part of the letter Have you
laid out the letter correctly?
2 Complete the sentences with the prepositions in the box. included all the information?
used formal language?
about from to to to with with
1 I am writing complain the TV I have checked grammar, spelling and punctuation?
just bought.
2 I would like to report a fault the computer that I
bought your website. ●●●●● Writing bank: page 90
3 I am returning the games console you
this letter.
4 I look forward hearing from you.

1 Complete the rules for will and going to, using the words in 3 Make zero conditional sentences by matching the sentence
the box. halves.
promises intentions evidence predictions decisions 1 If I take the a if you eat it when it’s fresh.
underground, b you delete the photo.
1 We use will for , especially after expressions
2 You can learn a c if you visit that museum.
like I (don’t) think … .
language quickly d you get fit quickly.
2 We use will to make offers and .
3 If she has time, e you get 160.
3 We use will to express that we make at the
4 Students study better f you have problems
moment of speaking.
5 You put on weight sleeping.
4 We use going to for predictions that are often based on
6 If you walk everywhere, g if you study for fifteen
that we can see.
7 Bread tastes better minutes every day.
5 We use going to to express future .
8 If you eat late at night, h I never arrive late.
Your score /5 9 People usually feel i if it’s sunny.
happier j if you don’t do exercise.
2 Complete the sentences with will or going to. 10 If you press that button, k she can help me with my
1 John has left his books in class. I know, I 11 You can see some early homework.
take them to his house. devices l if they sleep eight hours a
2 That bag looks very heavy. I carry it for you! 12 If you add 76 and 84, night.
3 Look, there’s lightning! Now we hear the
Your score /12
thunder.
4 To be honest I don’t think people ever live 4 Correct the underlined mistakes.
on Mars.
1 Humans might to live on other planets one day.
5 Look at all the traffic! We be late!
6 I want to change jobs, so I send my CV to
2 We could not see you tomorrow.
lots of different companies.
7 We’ve booked a holiday. We visit Berlin
for a week. 3 I might buying a newspaper when I’m out.
8 Can you lend me some money? I give it
back to you tomorrow. 4 It can be a good idea, but I’m not sure.
9 ‘Coffee or tea?’ ‘I have coffee, please.’
10 Look! It’s 5–0. We lose the match. 5 Are we having good weather at the weekend?
11 Jack go shopping at the weekend to buy a
new camera. 6 The history class will very interesting tomorrow.
12 I promise I tell anyone your secret.
7 He may be tell you the answers, but I’m not sure.
Your score /12
8 If you mixes red and yellow, you get orange.
9 I’m go to be a doctor when I’m older.
10 She mays be on holiday now.
11 I think he’ll buys a DAB radio.
Your score /11
Total /40

1 Answer the vocabulary quiz questions. 2 Complete the text with the correct form of the words in
brackets.
Quiz
1 The noun is medicine. What’s the adjective? .
2 If you have a bad dream, you have a .
3 ‘How many tablets did the doctor ?’ ‘Thirty.’
4 A vehicle that travels under the water is a .
5 I need to ring my mum. Can I borrow your ?
6 The early version of a calculator is an

machine.
7 If you can’t see something, it’s .
8 The noun is muscle. What’s the adjective? .
9 If things become smaller, they .
10 Lots of people died when there was a flu

last year.
11 My new digital takes great photos.
12 Your is all the bones in your body. Life on Earth in 2110

1
13 If you make a , you say what you think will The worst (predict) for the next century
happen in the future. concerns the weather. Many people think that
2
global warming will cause important
14 The noun is infection. What’s the adjective? . 3
(environment) changes. There is
15 Switch the radio. There’s a programme I want (science) evidence that suggests cities on the coast may
to hear. disappear if the sea level rises.
4
16 When scientists a disease, the disease There is better news regarding health.
disappears. (medicine) advances mean that people will live longer.
5
Doctors will be more _______ (success) diagnosing
17 A is someone who is injured in an accident. 6
an illness because of new technology.
18 I’m going to the drug into your body with a (infection) diseases will disappear in many areas of the
needle. world and new drugs will be available to treat
7 8
19 It was easy for the doctor to my problem. I’ve (muscle) aches and pains.
got a virus. (future) organ transplants will be easier.
20 The noun is science. What’s the adjective? . Finally, scientists think they are near to solving the
9
mystery of how to make people (visible).
10
Your score /20 (technology) progress will give experts
the chance to manufacture invisibility cloaks, which
may be on the market before the end of the century.
Your score /10
Total /30

7 reading
Cultures and customs
Before reading: Festivals 3 Write questions for these answers.
1 Complete the sentences with the words in the box. 1 When / start? When did the festval start?
On June 20th.
at risk banned casualties concerned horns 2 Where / take place?
injured participants sign up spectators In Ciutadella.
3 Who / ride?
1 People who stand in the street during the Thai water Men in black and white suits.

throwing festival are . 4 Why / push?
2 The authorities the cheese rolling festival but To make the horses stand on their back legs.
the tradition soon started again. 5 How long / last?
3 Every year at the water throwing festival, people are About three hours.
in car accidents. 6 What / happens after?
People have something to eat and dance with their
4 in the bull running need to be very fast runners.
families.
5 at the bull running must stay behind the fences
along the road.
6 There were a lot of at the last cheese rolling – Challenge!
15 people were hurt. Invent an unusual festival. Think of answers to some of the
7 If you want to take part in the cheese rolling festival, following questions. Write about 40 words.
you don’t have to – you can simply join in. What is the name of the festival? What do people do?
8 If a bull catches you with its , you can get badly What makes it unusual? What do people wear?
injured. How did it start? Are there any rules?
9 Some people are about the number of
casualties at the water throwing festival.
2 Read the text quickly. True or false?

1 The festival takes place in Spain.
2 The horses are very calm.
3 Tourists don’t visit the town during the festival.
Dancing horses
We went to Minorca last year for our on their back legs and started to walk.
summer holidays. Minorca is a Spanish It looked as if they were dancing! Some
island in the Mediterranean and we of the horses walked like that for quite
stayed in the second biggest city, a distance. The festival lasted for about
Ciutadella. While we were there, we three hours and we really enjoyed it but
saw the festival of the dancing horses. we didn’t try doing it because it looked
It started on June 20th, but the most quite dangerous. The horses were very
important day was June 23rd. On that excited and turned around a lot. We had
day, there were men in black and white to be very careful. After the horse festival,
suits riding their black horses through people had something to eat and danced
the narrow streets of the town. As they with their families. The festival is a big
rode, young people stood in front of the tourist attraction and there are different
horses and stopped them. Then they festivals that take place in all of the towns
pushed the horses so that they stood up of Minorca during the summer.
52 Unit 7 • Cultures and customs

vocabulary
The traditions they tried to ban
1 Match the words in the box with the definitions. Prohibition and permission
chase concussion douse elderly herd horns
2 Complete the dialogues with the correct form of the verbs
leap pour protest relieve respect sign up
in the box.
soar steep tie
authorize prohibit censor allow exile boycott
1 Animals of the same type that live and move
1 Do you send emails to your friends?
around together.
No, my parents don’t allow me to use the internet.
2 There’s a lot of violence in some computer games.
2 To agree to participate in an event, a course or
Yes, I think the government should them and cut
an organization.
out the violent parts.
3 Have you stopped buying from that department store?
3 To fly high in the sky. Yes, we’re it until they sell products that are better
for the environment.
4 A feeling of admiration for someone that you show 4 Can you wear trainers at your school?
by treating them politely. No. The headmaster has them.
5 Has the town council said the school can build a gymnasium?
5 Describes a road or hill that rises or falls quickly. Yes, they have a new gym. It’ll be great.
6 Albert Einstein died in Germany.
No, he didn’t. He himself from Germany and lived
6 To make pain or a bad situation less unpleasant.
and died in the USA.
7 To join two ends of something together. Groups of animals
8 A meeting or public event where people show they

are against something. 1 We saw a school / pride / flock of whales when we were on the
cruise. It was really impressive!
2 A troop / herd / pride of lions is like a big family. They do
9 To make a liquid move from one container into
everything together.
another.
3 No, there isn’t a troop / school / pride of monkeys at the zoo.
There’s one sad monkey on his own!
10 Hard, pointed things that some animals have on
their heads. 4 You’ll see an enormous school / flock / herd of birds flying over
the field when the farmer starts to work.
11 To put lots of liquid on somebody or something. 5 One wolf on its own isn’t very dangerous, but a pack / pride /
school of wolves can kill a big animal very quickly.
12 To follow someone or something quickly so you
can catch them. Dependent prepositions
13 To jump into the air.
4 Complete the sentences with the correct prepositions.
14 Describes somebody who has lived a long time. 1 Boys are so boring. They only talk about football!
2 We waited her for an hour but she didn’t appear.
15 A head injury that makes a person unconscious. 3 The talk will consist information about starting
university.
4 Our team isn’t going to participate the competition.
5 There was a car accident and lots of people crowded to
help the injured drivers.
6 Sam fell when he was skiing and came back with a serious injury
his knee.
7 I try to escape the office as soon as I can on Fridays.
Unit 7 • Cultures and customs 53

grammar
must, mustn’t and needn’t
1 Rewrite the sentences. Use must or mustn’t. 2 Choose the correct word to complete the sentences.
1 In Japan it’s important 1 He needn’t / mustn’t get up early. He can stay in bed.
that you don’t wear shoes 2 I mustn’t / must go home now. It’s very late.
indoors. 3 We mustn’t / needn’t hurry. We’ve got lots of time.
In Japan you mustn’t wear
4 I mustn’t / must forget to phone Sam. He’s waiting to
shoes indoors. hear from me.
5 They needn’t / mustn’t go out tonight. They’ve got a lot
of homework to do for tomorrow.
6 You needn’t / must see that film. It’s fantastic.
7 She mustn’t / needn’t wear those jeans. They’re dirty.
8 You must / needn’t shout. I can hear you.
3 Write sentences with you mustn’t or you needn’t.

1 It isn’t necessary to wear a tie.
You needn’t wear a tie.
2 It’s important not to be late.

2 In some Muslim countries 3 In many Asian countries 3 It isn’t necessary to eat with a knife and fork.
it’s important that women it’s important not to eat
cover their hair. with your left hand.
4 Don’t laugh at teachers.

5 Don’t take off your shoes if you don’t want to.

6 It isn’t necessary to take a gift when you visit him.

7 It’s important not to belch at the table.

8 Don’t accept the invitation if you don’t want to go.

4 In many countries it’s 5 In American restaurants it’s challenge!

important not to point at important that you leave
Write sentences about your life at home. Write two with
people with your finger. the waiter a 15% tip.
must, two with mustn’t and two with needn’t.

1

2

3

4

6 In the USA it’s important 7 It’s important not to call
5
not to touch people if you people after about 10 p.m.
don’t know them very unless it’s an emergency.
well. 6


skills
Body language
1 Complete the phrases with these verbs: cross, fold, pat, lllll Extension: Phrasal verbs
point, shake.
3 Complete the P.E. teacher’s instructions with the words
1 hands
in the box.
2 somebody on the back / head
down down over out over round up
3 your arms
up up up
4 your head
5 at somebody / something
1 2
6 your legs

Lie down ! Turn !
2 Write sentences describing the gestures. Use phrases from
exercise 1 and the words in the box.
bow cross fold embrace point wave
1 2 3
3 4
Sit Stand
! !
4 5 6 5 6
Put Lift
your hands! your foot!
7 8
1 The teacher is pointing at one of the students.
2

3 Hold Bend
your arms! !
4

5 9 10
Sit !

6

Turn
!

grammar
First conditional
1 Match the phrases to make six first conditional sentences. 3 Complete the sentences. Use the present simple of will and
the verbs in the box.
You’ll have seven years of bad luck lie down not be able not turn round not wait
open rain
If you see a magpie in the morning,
1 We won’t wait for you if you’re late.
If a man smiles a lot during his wedding, 2 If it tomorrow, we won’t go to the beach.
3 If you , you won’t see him.
you won’t remember what you’ve learned. 4 You to sleep if you drink too much coffee.
5 You’ll feel better if you .
If you see a spider in your house, 6 If you’re hot, I the window.
If you wash your hair on the morning of an exam, 4 Look at the pictures. Complete the first conditional
sentences. Use the phrases in the box.
if you eat lentils on 1st January. bump his head squash the cat
get a surprise trip over the bag
you’ll get good news that day. sit in his dinner turn into a prince
You’ll make a lot of money during the year
if you break a mirror.
you’ll have visitors.
his first child will be a girl.
1 You’ll have seven years of bad luck if you break a mirror. 1 If she doesn’t lift her 2 If he sits down,
2 foot up, she’ll trip over .
the bag .
3

4

5

6

2 Complete the first conditional sentences. 3 If she kisses the frog, 4 If he doesn’t bend down,
1 If there is (be) a good film on TV, . .
we ‘ll watch (watch) it.
2 I (help) you if you (want).
3 If we (not hurry), we (miss)
the train.
4 He (not mind) if you
(not phone) him.
5 If I (have) time tomorrow, I
(help) you with your homework.
6 I (make) you a sandwich if you 5 If she turns round, 6 If he lies down,
(be) hungry. . .

writing
A note
Preparation 3 Add the missing letters to the abbreviations.
1 Bring something to drink, _.g. cola.
1 Put the words in the correct order to make sentences. Write
2 Let me know a_a_ if you can come.
the sentences in the correct place (a–f) in the notes.
3 Give me ring – t_ _. 453890.
1 much / your / thanks / for / note / very
4 Thanks very much for the C _ s. Great music!
2 be / I’ll / there / definitely
5 I’ve got all the food, drink, music, e_c. for the party.
3 great / I / a / have / you / picnic / hope
4 be / won’t / afraid / I / to / I’m / make / able / it 4 Read Victoria’s invitation. Underline:
5 for / party / thanks / birthday / much / invitation / the / 1 expressions that mean make it and mates.
to / very / your
2 abbreviations that mean phone number, road and
6 time / does / what / start / it / ?
please reply.
Dear Nicola
a It’s my birthday next Saturday and I’m going to the
Thanks very much for your note. It’s very kind of
cinema with a few friends. Do you fancy joining us?
you to invite me to your picnic, but
b We’re going to see a Spanish film. I’m really looking
. forward to it. Hope you can come with us.
I’m going to visit my cousin in Liverpool that Victoria
weekend. It’s a shame, because I’d love to come. RSVP 29 Mill Rd. Tel. 6451453
c
Anyway,
.
Love Writing task
Jessica
5 In your notebook write a note accepting Victoria’s
invitation, and another note declining her invitation. Use
Hi William the Writing Bank on page 90 to help you. Write 40–50
words and include this information.
I got your note. Great to hear from you.
d 1 Accept the invitation
. • Thank her for the invitation.
e • Accept the invitation.
. I’m
• Add a PS to ask a question about the occasion.
really looking forward to it.
f 2 Decline the invitation
? • Thank her for the invitation.
• Decline the invitation.
See you soon.
• Give your reason for declining it.
Karl
P.S. I’ll bring some crisps and biscuits.
Check your work
Have you
2 Complete the sentences with the colloquial expressions in included all the information?
the box. used some colloquial expressions?
used some abbreviations?
guess hear from you make it mates too bad
1 I’m having a barbecue with my . checked grammar, spelling and punctuation?
2 See you at the party. I’m glad you can .
3 Thanks for your note. It’s really nice to .
●●●●● Writing bank: page 90
4 I’m afraid I can’t come to the match with you. It’s
, because I’d love to see Chelsea play.
5 I we’ll have a barbecue in the garden if the
weather’s fine.

1 Match the words with the functions. 4 Complete the rules for the first conditional with the words in
1 needn’t a expresses necessity. the box.
2 must b expresses prohibition. comma parts action clause predict result
3 mustn’t c expresses lack of necessity.
1
We use the first conditional to the result
Your score /3 of an action. There are two
2
to a sentence
in the first conditional. We use the present simple to
2 Circle the correct word in each sentence. 3
describe the and will + verb to talk about
1 The children mustn’t / must wear coats because it’s the
4
. The if
5
can come at the
raining. beginning of the sentence or after the main clause. If it
2 You mustn’t / must wear smart clothes for a job interview. comes in the middle, we don’t use a
6
.
3 You needn’t / must tip taxi drivers if you don’t want to.
4 They needn’t / mustn’t study because they don’t have any Your score /6
homework tonight.
5 Write sentences in the correct first conditional form.
5 I must / mustn’t remember to reply to my brother’s email.
6 You needn’t / mustn’t drive a car if you are very tired. 1 We / miss the train / if / you / not hurry up!
7 We needn’t / must be early for school tomorrow because
we’ve got an exam. 2 If / I / not feel better / I / go the doctor’s tomorrow
8 Students mustn’t / needn’t smoke in the school building.
9 The museum is free. You must / needn’t bring any money. 3 If / you / not stop smoking / you / be ill
10 It’s Tom’s birthday. I mustn’t / must buy a gift.
4 The pizza / be hard / if / you / not take it out of the oven
Your score /10
3 Complete the sentences with must, mustn’t or needn’t. 5 Your jeans / shrink / if / you / soak them for too long
1 They take the bus because they can walk to
school in five minutes. 6 If / you / speak to your teacher / she / give you some
2 You use Mike’s computer without asking good advice
him.
3 If you want to go on the school trip, you tell 7 She / have an accident / if / she / not drive more slowly
your teacher before Friday.
4 Students talk in the library. 8 If / my dad / arrive late / he / not see the news
5 We go to the talk if we don’t want to. It’s a
voluntary activity. 9 The students / be disappointed / if / they / not win the
6 You wear a seat belt when the plane takes competition
off and lands.
7 You touch that switch! It’s dangerous. 10 If / you / wait at the bus stop / the bus / come soon
8 I finish my homework tonight. It’s due in
tomorrow. 11 If / he / not make an appointment / he / not see the
9 If Joe wants to do well, he listen more in doctor
class.
10 You give me a present. It’s not necessary.
Your score /11
Your score /10
Total /40

self check 7:
7 vocabulary
1 a winks b gestures c horns d beckonings
Quiz 2 a raises b pats c folds d shakes
3 a bowing b hugging c holding d crossing
1 A group of birds is a . 4 a an embrace b a bow c a wave d a sob
5 a shake b hold c cross d raise
2
6 a wave b point c pat d shake
7 a raises b bows c shakes d moves
8 a nod b wave c frown d bow
9 a bend b move c touch d blow
3 ‘What are they talking ?’ ‘A new video game.’ 10 a pat b hold c gesticulate d move
4 What’s the opposite of shake your head? .
5 the water from the bucket onto the flowers.

Body language
6 He folded his .
7 If the people win, they’ll the king. He’ll have to

live in another country.
8 your hand up if you know the answer to the

question.
9 A group of cows is a .
10 People crowded the film star and took photos.
11 It’s rude to at someone with your finger.
12 Body language is a term for communication using

1
instead of verbal language. One of the most
2
powerful signals is when a person their arms
across their chest. This usually indicates that the person is
13 Men sometimes their hat when they see putting a barrier between themselves and others.
3
someone they know. your legs often has the same effect.
Different cultures have different ways of greeting each
14 She had a car accident and suffered from .
other. Mediterranean cultures often greet each other with
4
15 The prisoner escaped jail and ran away. , whereas in the UK it is more common to
5
16 A group of lions is a . hands. For people who are standing further
6
away, a can be used to say ‘hello’ or
17 It’s more polite to say that someone is rather ‘goodbye’.
than old.
Head movements are used in many countries to agree or
18 Do you hands when you meet someone for the disagree with what someone is saying. When somebody
7
first time? their head, it usually means that they don’t
8
19 I don’t agree with the conditions in that factory. Let’s agree with what is being said, whereas a of
their products and buy another brand. the head usually indicates agreement.
Body language is a good indication if somebody is telling
20 I can’t climb that mountain. The gradient is too .
the truth or not. Somebody who is lying tends to
9 10
Your score /20 their nose often. Liars usually
with their hands in an exaggerated manner as well.
Your score /10
Total /30

8 reading
What if…?
Before reading: Disaster 3 Complete the text with the verbs in the box.
1 Complete the text about Cumbre Vieja. Use the nouns in cause devastate fall happen hit predict
the box. protect reach travel
directions future tonnes tsunami volcano
Cumbre Vieja is an enormous, active
2
1
in the
Canary Islands. Scientists know that at some time in the A big hit? 1
, it will erupt. They are worried that the side of the Every year, thousands of rocks from space to Earth.
3
volcano will collapse and of rock will fall into the These are called meteorites. Most of these are very small – less
4 2
sea. This would cause a huge that would travel than a metre across. They start to burn when they the
5
very fast in all away from the Canary Islands. Earth’s atmosphere and usually disappear before they
3
catastrophe damage energy equipment eruption the ground. (See picture 1.) A few meteorites are
4
The wave would have enough
6
to cross the Atlantic too large to disappear when they burn. They at very
and cause terrible
7
to the east coast of America. high speed – about 60,000 km/h when they hit the ground –
8
This would be a . Although the scientists can’t and can cause enormous damage. This happened in Arizona
predict exactly when the volcano will erupt, they are going about 50,000 years ago and you can still see the crater today.
9
to put some on Cumbre Vieja which will give them It’s called ‘Meteor Crater’. (See picture 2.)
10
an early warning of an . If another large meteorite hit the Earth today, what would
5
? The explosion would be huge. The meteorite would
6
everything around it. If it fell into the sea, it would
2 Look at the pictures and the information below them. 7
Answer the questions. an enormous tsunami. It would be a catastrophe.
1 What does picture 1 show? am_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ But the good news is that large meteorites don’t hit the
2 What does picture 2 show? ac_ _ _ _ _ Earth very often. Also, scientists know about the danger, and
8
can which meteorites might hit the Earth. It might
9
1 also be possible to the Earth by firing a rocket at a
meteorite as it came near to the Earth. This would change its
direction and save the world.
4 Choose the correct answers.

1 Most meteorites don’t hit the Earth because
a they burn in the Earth’s atmosphere.
Most meteorites start to burn when they reach the Earth’s b they’re too large.
atmosphere. They get much smaller or disappear. 2 ‘Meteor Crater’ appeared when
a a very large meteorite disappeared.
2 b a very large meteorite hit the Earth.
3 If a large meteorite hit the Earth today
a it would fall into the sea.
b it would be a catastrophe.
4 The good news is that
a scientists can’t predict when meteorites will come.
b large meteorites don’t come very often.
5 We could change the direction of a meteorite
This crater is from a meteorite that hit the Earth. Until 1903, a if we knew that it was coming nearer.
scientists thought it was the crater of an old volcano. b if we fired a rocket at it.
60 Unit 8 • What if …?

vocabulary
Wave power Natural phenomena
1 Complete the text with the words in the box. 3 Match the definitions with the words.
1 Lots of snow falling down the a thunderstorm
catastrophes chunks collapsed devastated erupted
side of a mountain. b hurricane
evacuate flattened floods havoc landslides plunge
2 A long period of dry weather c avalanche
smashed tidal wave unleashed warnings
when there isn’t any water. d tornado
3 A very violent wind that pulls e earthquake
1
One of the biggest up cars, trees and sometimes f drought
that our planet has ever seen, buildings.
4 A violent storm with a very strong
happened in 1883 when the
wind that starts over the sea.
volcano Krakatoa 5 A storm with heavy rain and
2
. Krakatoa was a thunder and lightning.
small island with a big volcano 6 A sudden shaking that destroys
in the Indian Ocean. At first, buildings and makes trees fall.
the eruption of the volcano
caused huge
3
of rock Periods of time
4
to into the sea.
4 Replace the periods of time in bold with one word or an
Then, there were enormous expression.
5
as the earth and
1 When are there 366 days? leap years
rocks fell from the sides of the
6
2 They publish this science magazine every 3 months.
volcano into the ocean. Finally, the entire island
and sank under the water. The effect of the island hitting
7 8
3 We’re going to Spain for 2 weeks.
the sea ____________ a huge called a tsunami.
9
4 It’s my great grandmother’s birthday next week. She’s
There weren’t any and nobody knew what was
10
lived for 100 years!
going to happen. There wasn’t any time to local
5 In my opinion, the best football club of the last 10 years
inhabitants from the coastal towns to safer places and the
11 12
was FC Barcelona.
wave into villages and towns and
6 At the end of 1000 years people think strange things will
them. There weren’t any buildings or trees left standing and
13 14
happen.
the wave also the countryside. The
destroyed farms and the water covered the land for a long Water
time and left the people without food. The effects of the
Krakatoa eruption caused
15
in the countries 5 Complete the dictionary definitions with the correct verbs.
around the Indian Ocean for years. dribble drip irrigate soak spill splash
squirt water
Word building 1 dribble verb (used about a liquid) to move

downwards in a thin flow
2 Are the words in bold verbs, nouns or adjectives?
2 verb to become or make something
1 The government will inform us about the plans for the new completely wet
airport on Friday. verb 3 verb (used especially about a liquid) to make
2 My sister is very creative and she’s very good at art. something accidentally come out of a container
4 verb (used about a liquid) to make water
3 I like films with a lot of action and no talking! fall and hit someone or something
4 The earthquake caused terrible destruction to the capital 5 verb to give water to plants
city. 6 verb when something suddenly forces liquid
5 I always listen to the weather forecast but they never out of something in a particular direction
predict what’s going to happen. 7 verb (used about a liquid) to supply water to
6 The hurricane was devastating and destroyed the coastal land so that crops will grow
area. 8 verb (used about a liquid) to produce drops of
7 Never protect yourself from the rain by standing under a liquid
tree when there is a thunderstorm.
Unit 8 • What if …? 61

grammar
Second conditional
1 Find and join the two halves of second conditional 3 Continue the story with more second conditional sentences.
sentences. Add capital letters and punctuation.
if people didn’t drop litter
he’d be healthier
they’d cause less pollution
there would be much less disease
if he had enough to eat

1 If you gave me £200, I’d buy a guitar.
if people didn’t kill tigers 2 (practise every day) If I bought a guitar, I’d practise every day.
3 (play really well) If I practised every day, I’d play really well.
if she weren’t homeless
4 (join a band)
the pavements would be cleaner
5 (give concerts around the world)
they wouldn’t be an endangered species
6 (become famous)
if they stopped using their car
if everybody had clean water to drink 7 (earn a lot of money)
she wouldn’t sleep on the street

8 (give you £1,000!)
1 If people didn’t drop litter, the pavements would be cleaner.

2 4 Answer the questions with your own ideas.
1 What would you buy if you won £5,000 in a competition?
3 I’d buy
2 If you could have a holiday anywhere in the world, where
4 would you go?

5 3 If you could meet any famous person in the world, who
would you choose and why?
6 because

4 If you saw a tiger, what would you do?
2 Complete the second conditional sentences with the verbs
in the box. 5 Who would you take with you if you had two tickets to a
discuss have help know phone ring shake win great football match?
1 I’d be very surprised if that film won an award.

2 If you were in trouble, I you.
challenge!
3 If I knew her number, I her.
Can you think of three more endings for this sentence?
4 I wouldn’t answer the phone if it now.
5 If I met a friend in the street, we hands. The world would be a better place if …
6 I’d tell you the answer if I it. everybody had enough to eat.
7 If I were you, I it with your parents. 1
8 We’d save water if we showers instead of 2
baths.
3

skills
Global issues
1 Match the definitions with the global issues in the box. 3 Look at the posters. Which of the global issues from
child labour disease endangered species famine exercise 1 are they protesting about?
global warming homelessness piracy pollution
poverty racism
1 Attacking ships in order to steal goods. .

2 Working for a living when you’re young. .
3 Animals or plants in danger of disappearing from the
world. .
4 An increase in the world’s temperatures due to gases like
CO2. .
5 Having very little money to live on. .
6 An illness such as malaria. .
7 Having nowhere to live. . 1 2
8 Treating people unfairly because of their race. .
9 Making the atmosphere dirty and dangerous. .
10 Having no food in an area for a long time. .
2 Complete the news headlines with some of the global issues

in exercise 1.
, but many children under the

1
Laws prohibit
age of 14 in India still work in factories.
This is a warning to all sailors. There has been an

increase in 2 in the Indian Ocean recently. 3 4
You must be vigilant at all times.
Millions of people around the world live in lllll Extension: Word formation: noun suffixes
3
– they earn less than $1 a day. 4 Write the nouns. They all end in -ation, -ion or -ness.
Verb / Adjective Noun

Since the drought, there has been a terrible
4 inform information
in the country, and thousands of
people have died. suggest
sad
It is the greenhouse gases in the atmosphere that discuss

5
cause . dark
good
That book should be banned because of organize
6
. It contains some offensive comments. act
educate
happy

GRAMMAR
I wish …
1 Complete the dialogues with I wish … 3 Write sentences starting with I wish. Use the past
1 A I wish I could speak French. continuous, positive or negative.
B Why? 1 I’m feeling ill.
A If I could speak French, I’d talk to that girl. I wish I wasn’t feeling ill.
2 You aren’t listening to me.
2 A

B Why?
3 We’re losing.
A If I didn’t have a headache, I’d go out.

3 A
4 It’s raining.
B Why?

A If I had some money, I’d go shopping.
5 I’m not wearing my glasses.
4 A

B Why?
6 You’re eating all the chocolate.
A If my brother wasn’t at home, I’d use his computer.

5 A
7 I’m still doing my homework.
B Why?

A If the weather was nicer, I’d go to the beach.
8 I’m not feeling optimistic.
6 A

B Why?
9 She’s talking to my friend.
A If it was the weekend, I wouldn’t have to go to school.

2 Match the thought bubbles with the pictures. Complete
them with the correct form of the verbs in the box.
Challenge!
be have like live know speak
Complete the wishes.
1 4 Three wishes to make your own life better …

I wish I I wish I I wish
there. an umbrella.
I wish
2 5
I wish I I wish I I wish
taller. pizza. Three wishes to make life better for a friend or family member …
3 6 I wish
I wish I I wish I
I wish
the answers. Japanese.

I wish
a b
Three wishes to make the world a better place …
I wish
I wish
I wish
c d e f

writing
An essay
Preparation 4 Complete the sentences with the words in the box.
don’t think believe view in convinced as
1 Complete Angela’s essay with the words in the box.
mind convinced think first view were 1 I am that we should recycle our rubbish.
believe make 2 I that we should do so much homework.
3 In my sports stars should earn less money.
4 I that students have too much free time.
If I were the head teacher by Angela 5

roads.
I see it, there are too many cars on the
6 my opinion, sport should be compulsory for

everyone.
5 Put the words in the correct order.

1 make / I’d / shorter. / lessons
I’d make lessons shorter.
2 the government / make / build / I’d / sports centres. /
more
3 sure / there / I’d / facilities / were / for disabled students.

/ make
1
If I were the head teacher at my school, the first
thing I’d do is make the students wear a uniform. I don’t
2
we should wear jeans and trainers to school and 4 school holidays / make / longer. / I’d
3
I a uniform would make the students have a
more serious attitude to their work. 5 students / make / only used / I’d / English in class. / sure
4
The second thing I’d do is school start at
eleven o’clock in the morning. I do my homework until ten
o’clock at night and then I like to play with my baby brother. Writing task
Because of this I go to bed late and I find it very difficult to get 6 In your notebook write an essay about what you would do if
5
up in the morning. I wouldn’t if school went on you were the head teacher. Include some serious and some
until six o’clock in the evening if necessary. less serious ideas. Use the Writing Bank on page 91 to help
If I
6
the head teacher, I’d also have more you. Write 130–150 words and follow this plan.
DVDs in English in the library. I like to watch documentaries Paragraph 1
about animals, and if they were in English I would learn some • the first thing you would do
Paragraph 2
interesting English vocabulary at the same time.
7 • the second thing you would do
Finally, in my we should do more sports Paragraph 3
at school. They say that if you have a healthy body you have a • the third thing you would do
healthy mind, too. If students did more exercise, I’m Paragraph 4
8
they would do better work in the classroom. • one or two less serious things that you would do
Check your work

2 Read Angela’s essay. How many things would she do?
Have you
3 4 5 6
divided your essay into paragraphs?
3 Read Angela’s essay again. Find and underline the answers written 130–150 words?
to these questions. checked grammar, spelling and punctuation?
1 Why would she make the students wear a uniform?
2 Why would she make school start at eleven o’clock?
●●●●● Writing bank: page 91
3 Why would she have more DVDs in English in the library?

1 Complete the rules for the second conditional with the words 4 Write sentences with I wish.
in the box.
1 I haven’t got a TV in my bedroom.
comma would / wouldn’t were imaginary main
past tense 2 I work in a shop on Saturday mornings.
1
1 We use the second conditional to describe an
situation or event and the result of the situation or event. We use 3 I don’t live in the country.
2 3
the in the if clause, and + verb in
4
the clause. 4 I can’t write well in English.
5
2 In the if clause we can use instead of was as the
singular form of the past tense of be. 5 I don’t run for the school athletics team.
3 The if clause can come at the beginning or after the main clause of
the sentence. If it comes after the main clause, we don’t use a 6 I can’t make a pizza.
6
.
Your score /6 7 I am not sociable.
2 Write second conditional sentences about the situations. 8 I eat a lot of fast food.
1 I haven’t got a car, so I don’t drive to my village at the weekends.
9 I don’t read many books.
2 We don’t live in Germany, so we don’t speak German.
10 I can’t swim.
3 Tom has got a boat, so he goes sailing.
Your score /10
4 I don’t know the answer, so I can’t tell you.
5 Correct the mistakes.
5 We haven’t got enough money, so we don’t go on holiday. 1 If I rule the world, I’d stop poverty.
6 Brendan goes to school, so he doesn’t work. 2 I wish I can play tennis.
7 Paula’s got a computer, so she sends emails to her sister. 3 If he found some money, would he keeps it?
8 I’m not tired, so I don’t want to go to bed. 4 I wish my friends was here.
5 I won’t eat that if I were you.

Your score /8
3 Complete the sentences. 6 I wish there weren’t any pollution.

1 I wish I the question. Then I could write a good
answer. 7 You’d feel good if you gived some money to charity.
2 I wish I in a hot country. It’s always raining in
England! 8 Do you ever wish you have a big house?
3 I wish I exams tomorrow. I haven’t studied anything.
4 I wish I more money. They don’t pay me enough. 9 If I could run fast, I’ll enter a marathon.
5 I wish I French. Then I could ask for directions to the
Eiffel Tower. 10 I wish I speaked Chinese.
6 I wish I taller. Then I could play in the basketball
team.
Your score /10
Your score /6
Total /40

1 Answer the vocabulary quiz questions. 2 Complete the text with the correct form of the words in
brackets.
Quiz
1 I’m very worried about global .

The Asian Tsunami of December 26th 2004 was one of
2 A is 1000 years. the most
1
(devastate) natural disasters in
3 I’d like some about the museum, please. recorded history. More than 225,000 people were killed
2
What time does it open? in eleven countries, and the (destruct)
reached as far as the east coast of Africa.
4 The noun is action. What’s the verb? .
The tsunami itself was caused by an earthquake whose
5 Pandas, whales and tigers are endangered . epicentre was just off the west coast of Sumatra,
3
6 A tsunami is a huge tidal . Indonesia. That (create) a huge tidal wave
24 metres high, which hit the region of Aceh and
7 There’s too much water in the river. I think it’ll . 4
(flatten) everything in its path.
5
8 If you don’t turn the tap off properly, it’ll . (inform) about the tsunami was not
exchanged between countries because of the lack of
9 The noun is creation. What’s the adjective? . 6
a (warn) system in the area. Since the
10 A long period without any rain is a . incident, the United Nations has been working on the
7
11 A is 14 days. (create) of a system to avoid a similar
disaster in the future.
12 The authorities knew there was going to be a tornado so 8
they gave a . The (predict) of tsunamis is only possible if
the preceding earthquake is detected. They generally catch
13 A lot of snow slides down the side of a mountain in an their victims completely by surprise. The only
. 9
(act) inhabitants of coastal areas can
14 The verb is devastate. What’s the noun? . take is to run to the hills inland and shelter there until
the water retreats. However, the effect of a tsunami on
15 Look! There’s too much juice in your glass. You’re going to 10
the land is usually catastrophic, causing
it on the table.
(homeless) and the loss of livelihood amongst the people.
16 A is 100 years.
17 There’s a lot of child in India and Pakistan.

Children under 14 go out to work.
18 Many buildings collapsed in the in Haiti in

2010.
19 is behaving badly to people who come from a

different country.
20 The noun is protection. What’s the verb? .
Your score /20
Your score /10
Total /30

9 reading
Crime scene
Before reading: Computer crime 4 Choose the best answers.
1 What did the virus do to people’s computers?
1 Choose the correct words in these sentences.
a It destroyed their email address book.
1 They couldn’t repair my watch because I’d lost a vital /
b It sent them a love letter.
brilliant piece.
c It destroyed hundreds of vital documents.
2 The police released / arrested the man and took him to
2 The virus infected
the police station.
a computer systems around the world.
3 There was a six-month trial / investigation by the
b computer systems in the USA and Britain.
police, and then the trial / investigation started.
c computers in the Philippines.
4 They knew he was the criminal – he’d left some viruses
3 People think Onel de Guzman created the virus because
/ clues at the crime scene.
a he has admitted it.
5 Everything was in chaos / tip-off after the computer
b it came from his computer.
systems had crashed / charged.
c he was charged with computer crime.
2 Match the two halves of the expressions. 4 In the Philippines, laws against computer crime
a did not exist in May 2000.
1 to come to a guilty
b do not exist now.
2 to find someone b a reward
c have always existed.
3 to charge someone with c a halt
5 In the future, Onel de Guzman wants to
4 to offer d a crime
a write software for governments and companies.
5 to release e a virus
b write software for mobile phones and small computers.
c create more viruses.
computer systems crash crime damage guilt
software virus
‘I love you’
5
On 3rd May 2000, millions of people around the world Onel de Guzman. He has never admitted his , but
received an email called ‘I love you’. The email included a detectives know that the virus came from his computer. Onel
6
document called ‘Love letter for you’. When people opened de Guzman was not charged with any because
1
this document, a destroyed hundreds of vital in May 2000 the Philippines did not have any laws against
documents on their computer. The virus then sent a copy computer crime. (They have now!)
of itself to everybody in the email address book. The virus Onel de Guzman did not finish his studies at computer
2
infected millions of across the world. Even school. He now lives with his sister and spends his time
computers in the White House in the USA were affected by watching TV, reading books about computers and playing
3
the . The virus eventually caused about 10 billion video games. In the future he wants to write more
4 7
dollars of . – but this time, only games for mobile phones
The person who created the virus was probably a brilliant and hand-held computers. Governments and companies
23-year-old computer student from the Philippines called around the world will be delighted!
68 Unit 9 • Crime scene

vocabulary
Compound adjectives: numbers
An online threat
1 Complete the sentences and answer the questions.
3 Rewrite the sentences, using compound adjectives.
1 What is the opposite of innocent? 1 My brother’s got a sports car with two doors.
a reward b guilty c chaos My brother’s got a two-door sports car.
2 What does halt mean? 2 It’s only a drive of thirty minutes to the beach.
a go b leave c stop
3 When you give secret information to the police, we call 3 We live in a block of flats with five storeys.
it a …
a tip-off. b tip-on. c tip-away.
4 The police say there will be an investigation for one year!
4 If you help someone find something, they might give
you a …
a clue. b reward. 5 At the sports centre there is an athletics track with eight
c suspended sentence. lanes.
5 What do we call the process of discovering who or what
causes something? 6 We’re going to stay in a cheap hotel with one star.
a investment b intonation c investigation
6 If the police arrest you, they …
a take you home. b take you to the police station.
Extreme adjectives
c check your home.
7 Chaos is a situation when everything is … 4 Replace the underlined words with an extreme adjective.
a confused and disorganized.
b quiet and peaceful. c well organized. astonished brilliant delighted terrible terrified tiny
8 Vital means very …
1 Wendy was very happy when she got her exam results
a important. b boring. c interesting.
from school. delighted
9 When your computer crashes it …
2 I didn’t like that film. I was very scared after seeing it and
a stops working. b is expensive.
c works perfectly. I had nightmares!
10 When the police accuse someone of doing something 3 We said we were very hungry but they only gave us very
illegal, they …. them. small sandwiches.
a halt b charge c crash 4 Our team is very bad this year. After six games we haven’t
11 Police use clues to help them … scored a goal!
a find criminals. b stop chaos. 5 He’s not a very clever student but he is very hard-working.
c repair computers.
12 Which verb means to successfully find someone or 6 I was very surprised when he said he was getting married
something you were looking for? next week.
a search b trace c seek
13 If they release someone …
Collocation: verbs
a he goes to prison. b he stays in prison.
c he leaves prison. 5 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in
the box. Use some of the verbs more than once.
Computers
charge commit leave receive release spend
2 Match the words in the box with the definitions. 1 If you read the newspapers, it seems as if only young
attach install protect update software files delete people commit crimes!
2 Children, don’t food on your plates! You have
1 delete to remove something that you have written or
to finish everything!
stored in a computer
3 I forgot to the battery and now I can’t use my
2 to put programs into a computer and make it
mobile.
ready to use
4 They a great comedy film last Friday. Do you
3 to make your computer or your computer
want to go and see it?
programs more modern
5 He has two warnings but he continues to
4 to send another document with an email behave badly.
5 the programs that do particular jobs on your 6 I’d like to some time with my family but I’m
computer always working.
6 information that you store on your computer 7 The police the couple with shoplifting.
7 to keep something safe
Unit 9 • Crime scene 69

grammar
Past perfect
1 Look at the list of times and actions. Then write sentences 4 Put the verbs into the correct tense, past simple or past
using the past perfect, positive or negative. perfect.
Lucy – yesterday morning

7.15 – got up 8.35 – caught the bus
7.30 – had a shower 8.55 – arrived at school
8.00 – had breakfast 9.00 – began classes
8.15 – phoned Sarah 11.15 – finished
homework during break
8.20 – left home
I was in a bad mood already that evening, because nobody
8.30 – arrived at the 1
had remembered (remember) my birthday. And then, as I
bus stop 2
walked up to the door of my house, I (have) a
strange feeling that something was wrong.
1 When Lucy had breakfast, she hadn’t phoned (phone) 3
I (can) see a light under the door. But I was
Sarah. 4
sure I (not leave) the lights on that morning.
2 When Lucy had breakfast, she (have) a 5
I (put) the key into the lock, and
shower. 6 7
(open) the door. Then I (hear)
3 At 8.32, Lucy (arrive) at the bus stop. 8
some noise! I (forget) to turn
4 At 8.45, Lucy (arrive) at school.
off the radio too? I was getting very frightened – perhaps there
5 At 9.10, Lucy (begin) classes. 9
was a burglar in the flat! Suddenly someone
6 When Lucy began classes, she (finish) her
(shout) ‘Surprise!’ It was my brother and sister! They
homework. 10
(arrive) earlier and let themselves in. On the
2 Write sentences about yourself at 8.30 yesterday morning. table, there were some presents for me and a cake. They
11
Use the past perfect, positive or negative. (not forget) my birthday after all!
By 8.30 in the morning …
1 (wake up) I had woken up.
2 (get up) challenge!
3 (have breakfast) Tick (3) the things you had done before you were eight
4 (speak to a friend) years old. Then write true sentences. Add four more ideas:
two positive and two negative.
5 (watch TV)
6 (use my mobile) 1 use a computer 4 study English
2 visit the UK 5 watch a horror film
3 Complete the sentences. Use the past simple for one gap 3 learn to swim 6 cook dinner for my family
and the past perfect for the other.
When I was eight, I had used / hadn’t used a computer.
1 When I got (get) home, burglars had stolen (steal)
1
my bike.
2
2 I (look) out of the window; somebody
3
(spray) graffiti on our car.
4
3 Everybody (leave) by the time I (arrive) at
5
the party.
6
4 I (not have) any pizza because my brother
7
(eat) it.
8
5 My uncle (look) different; he (grow) a
9
beard.
10
6 The robbers (take) my friend’s mobile phone, so
he (borrow) mine.

skills
Crimes and criminals
1 Complete the crossword puzzle.
lllll Extension: Word formation:
1 Some have damaged the computer – now it noun suffixes -er, -ist, and -ian
doesn’t work.
2 He forgot to pay for the CDs, and when he got outside, a 3 Look at the pictures. Complete the words with the
police officer arrested him for . correct suffix.
3 The got into the house through an open window. 1 2
4 There was a at the bank on the High Street this
morning.
5 Don’t leave money on your desk – there’s a in the
building.
6 At night, race cars up and down the street.
7 Somebody my camera when I was at the beach.
8 The went to prison for 25 years for killing his
3 4
neighbour.
2
1
4
3
5 6
5
7
6
1 an art ist 4 a dent

8
2 a politic 5 a photograph
3 a report 6 a novel
2 Complete the text with the verbs in the box.
4 Complete the sentences with nouns from exercise 3.
committed rob sprayed stole went vandalized
1 Paintings by the Pablo Picasso are worth
millions.
According to newspaper reports, Liam Mason 2 A looks after people’s teeth.
1 3 A writes articles for a newspaper or
several crimes that night. First, he
2 3 magazine.
a car and joyriding in it.
4
4 Richard Avedon was a who took pictures
Then he graffiti on an advertisement in of famous people.
5
town and a bus stop. Then he tried to 5 The Joseph Conrad wrote in English.
6
a young woman. The woman was 6 Arnold Schwarzenegger used to be an actor but
really a police officer and arrested him. became a .

GRAMMAR
Reported speech
1 Complete the reported speech using the past simple or past 3 Read the dialogue. Then rewrite it as reported speech below.
continuous. Change the pronoun if necessary.
Alan I’m looking for a detective story.
1 ‘I’m feeling ill,’ he said. Mark I love detective stories. Inspector Morse is my favourite.
He said that he was feeling ill. Alan I prefer Sherlock Holmes. He’s a more interesting
2 ‘It’s raining,’ she said. character.
She said that Mark I read a Sherlock Holmes story recently. I didn’t enjoy it.
3 ‘I don’t speak Japanese,’ he said. Alan I’m not talking about the books, I’m talking about the
He said that films.
4 ‘We don’t eat meat,’ they said. Mark I agree. The films are fantastic.
They said that Alan said that he was looking for a detective story .
5 ‘It’s very cold outside,’ she said. Mark said that .
She said that He said that .
6 ‘Vandals are criminals,’ he said. Alan said that .
He said that He said that .
7 ‘I live near the sea,’ she said. Mark said that .
She said that He said that .
8 ‘We’re playing really well,’ they said. Alan said that .
They said that He said that .
9 ‘I’m not wearing a coat,’ he said. Mark agreed. He said that .
He said that
4 Read the reported speech. Then write it as dialogue below.
2 Change the direct speech to reported speech. Use the past
Juliet said that she didn’t like Manchester. She said that
perfect. Change the pronoun if necessary.
she was lonely. Mary said that she knew a good café in
Thieves stole my shoes! You forgot to pay Manchester. She said that it had great food and fantastic
for the CDs. music. Juliet said that she couldn’t go to the café because
she didn’t have any friends. She said that she hated going to
cafés alone. Mary said that she had a friend in Manchester.
She said that she was really nice. Juliet said that she wanted
to meet her. Mary said that she was trying to find her phone
number!
Juliet I don’t like . I’m .
Mary I know a . It has

.
1 He said that thieves had 2
stolen his shoes. Juliet I can’t because
. I hate
We bought lots I didn’t commit the robbery. .
of new clothes.
Mary I’ve got . She
.
Juliet I her.
Mary I number!
3 4


writing
A story
Preparation 3 Read the story and put the pictures in the correct order.
1 What tense are these verbs? 1 2 3 4 5 6
1 didn’t break, saw, arrived
4 Underline all the time expressions in the story.
2 were running, were looking, was walking
3 had phoned, had gone 5 Complete the sentences with the words in the box.
2 Use the verbs in exercise 1 to complete the story. earlier end following one soon while
1 In the , the police caught the thieves.

2 After a , it started to rain.
Daylight robbery 3
in the park.
morning last week, I was playing football
1 2
4 A week , I had bought a new MP3 player.
As I home this evening, I 5 The day, I phoned my parents.
3
two boys outside a shop. They in the 6 As as I saw the thief, I phoned the police.
shop window at the TVs and DVD players. Suddenly,
one of them picked up a stone and threw it at the Writing task
4
window. The window but it made a lot 6 In your notebook write a story. Write 130–150 words and
of noise. After a while, the shopkeeper came out of the begin with these words:
shop and shouted at them to stop, but they just laughed. As I was walking home, I saw …
Then he went back into the shop.
As soon as he
5
, the boys started Check your work
throwing stones again, and this time they broke the Have you
window. They immediately took two DVD players and given your story a title?
started to run away. But while he had been in the shop, started the story correctly?
6
the shopkeeper the police. They used some time expressions?
7
as the boys
8
across the written 130–150 words?
road. The police officers jumped out of their car and
arrested the boys.
a b c
d e f

1 Complete the sentences with the past simple and the 3 Complete the dialogues.
past perfect of the verbs in brackets.
1 Sara: Why was Alice late? (not hear her alarm clock)
1 After we (play) rugby, we (have) Jane:
a shower. 2 Eddie: Why was Frank angry? (lose his MP4 player)
2 I realized I (leave) my books in class when Alex:
I (sit) down to do my homework. 3 Sarah: Why was Zoe disappointed? (her team lose the final)
3 I (not have) lunch because I Mary:
(not buy) any food. 4 Harry: Why was Mark so hungry? (not eat breakfast)
4 The film (not finish) when our dad Norman:
(send) us to bed! 5 Julie: Why was John upset? (not pass his driving test)
5 The police (arrest) a man because he Nell:
(burgle) a house. 6 Emma: Why was Laura embarrassed? (fall off her chair)
6 Mark (not pass) his exams because he Dan:
(not study) enough. 7 John: Why was Jack thrilled? (find some money)
7 We (realize) that we (see) the Paul:
film before. Your score /7
8 There (be) water everywhere because the
river (flood). 4 Complete the rules for reported speech with the words in the box.
Your score /16 pronouns perfect context simple past present

continuous past
2 Use the past perfect to complete the sentences.
1 If you use the present in direct speech, you use the
1 Tony sold his bicycle. He couldn’t cycle to school. simple in reported speech.
Tony couldn’t cycle to school because 2 If you use the continuous in direct speech, you use
.
the past in reported speech.
2 They made a big lunch. There was lots of washing-up.
3 If you use the simple in direct speech, you use the
There was lots of washing-up because
past in reported speech.
.
4 You sometimes change the in reported speech. It
3 Vicky didn’t study. She failed the exam.
depends on the .
Vicky failed the exam because
. Your score /4
4 He broke his leg. He couldn’t go to school.
He couldn’t go to school because 5 Rewrite the sentences that are in direct speech into reported
speech. Rewrite the sentences that are in reported speech into
.
direct speech.
5 They didn’t go shopping. There was nothing to eat.
1 John said, ‘My dad arrested a thief.’
There was nothing to eat because
John said .
.
2 Helen said she was talking about her new book.
6 Helen didn’t switch on her alarm clock. She was late.
Helen said, ‘ .’
Helen was late because
3 Sandra said she was late because she had missed the bus.
. Sandra said, ‘ .’
7 Joe had a nightmare. He was terrified. 4 Nell said, ‘I want to go to the cinema.’
Joe was terrified because Nell said .
. 5 Tim said he had worked very hard.
8 I didn’t charge it up. My phone didn’t work. Tim said, ‘ .’
My phone didn’t work because
Your score /5
.
Your score /8 Total /40

Quiz
1 ‘Was the man ?’ ‘No, he wasn’t, so they

Crime in the credit crunch
released him.’
2 He received a 12-month suspended at the

trial.
3 The noun is burglary. What’s the verb? .
4 If something is very small, it’s .

1
5 A steals things from shops. When times are tough it seems that people
more crimes. Here is a list of four crimes that are on the
6 The train suddenly came to a and didn’t
increase.
move again for an hour.
In the office
7 I knew who had stolen the money so I contacted the police Staff in some companies are making extra money through
with a . false expenses claims. Others are
2
company
3
8 He’s a . He killed three people. stock or to sell on to the highest bidder.
At the supermarket
9 There was a five-month , but the police didn’t 4
is on the increase, so some supermarkets
arrest anyone. 5
have special security tags on some of their
10 If someone is very pleased, they’re . more expensive goods. Surprisingly these include not only
perfume and batteries, but also organic chickens.
11 A steals a car and drives it for fun.
In the garden
12 The police caught the when he tried to steal Gardeners who have
6
months tending their
another car. fruit and vegetable plants are
7
to find their
13 People gifts on their birthday. produce disappearing before their eyes. Families going
hungry are entering their gardens under cover of the night
14 If something is very big, it’s .
to pick their peas and beans.
15 ‘How can I protect my computer from viruses?’ ‘I’ll install In the car
8
some anti-virus for you.’ Car insurance is becoming more common
9
nowadays. Dishonest motorists are staging a
16 ‘How much did you spend?’ ‘£20.’
to claim the money for their car and clear their debts.
17 The verb is vandalize. What’s the noun? . Anyone
10
with this crime and found guilty will
18 I can’t switch on the camera. I need to the have a criminal record for the rest of their lives, and may not
battery. be eligible for insurance in the future.
19 There’s a of £1,000 for anyone with vital

1 a make b have c commit d do
information about the murder.
2 a stealing b robbing c burgling d shoplifting
20 If someone is very scared, they’re . 3 a programs b rewards c clues d software
4 a shoplifting b burglary c vandalism d joyriding
Your score /20 5 a deleted b installed c updated d protected
6 a done b made c spent d passed
7 a brilliant b delighted c enormous d astonished
8 a fraud b robbery c murder d theft
9 a hit b crash c halt d search
10 a released b received c sentenced d charged
Your score /10
Total /30

10 reading
Discovery
Before reading: Explorers
1 Complete the sentences with words in the box. (There are

two words you don’t need to use.)
account ambassador contemporaries emperor
overland merchant ocean pilgrims spices
storm tip
1 Marco Polo was a wealthy .

2 He travelled from Turkey to China.
3 He wrote an of his travels while he was in
prison.
4 Ibn Battuta travelled with a caravan of from
Makkah to Persia.
5 In 1342 he was sent by the Sultan of Delhi as his
to China.
6 Many of his didn’t believe the story of his
travels.
7 Vasco da Gama survived a terrible before
reaching the southern of Africa. Christopher Columbus
8 He returned from Calcutta with a cargo of .
Columbus was born in Italy in 1451. He was a man
with a dream. Europeans were trying to find a sea
2 Read the text. Put the events (a–h) in the correct order. route to China, India and Japan. He was a skilled
a Forty men were left on Hispaniola to form a colony. sailor and he knew the world was round, so he
b Columbus sailed from Spain in three ships with less than thought the easiest way was to sail west around the
100 men. Earth. In 1492, he set off from Cádiz, in Spain, with
c Columbus arrived at a small island in the Bahamas. three small ships and ninety men. They sailed west
d Columbus visited South America. for three weeks. His men were terrified that they
e Columbus lost one of his ships. would never return home again, but Columbus said
f Columbus set off from Spain with seventeen ships and ‘Sail on!’ and calmed their fears. And in October
over a thousand men. they reached land – a small island in the Bahamas.
g The men on Columbus’s ships were scared that they might
Columbus was sure they were very close to Japan.
never get back home.
While he was sailing around the Caribbean, visiting
h Columbus discovered that the men on Hispaniola were
islands, one of his ships was wrecked near the island
dead.
of Hispaniola. He left forty men there to form a
3 Are the sentences true or false? Write T or F. colony and returned to Spain with the other two
1 Christopher Columbus was Spanish. ships. He was welcomed there as a hero, and in 1493
2 He decided to sail west from Europe to reach the Far East. he set off again with seventeen ships and 1,200
men. When he reached Hispaniola, all forty men
3 It took over three weeks to cross the Atlantic. were dead, killed by the local people. He explored
4 Columbus didn’t believe that he had reached the Far East. the Caribbean for three years before returning home
once more. Columbus made two further voyages
5 On his return people in Spain admired Columbus for his across the Atlantic, reaching Trinidad and setting
achievement. foot on the mainland of South America. He died in
6 Columbus made four trips across the Atlantic. 1506 in Spain, still convinced that he had reached
the Far East.
76 Unit 10 • Discovery

vocabulary
Great journeys Phrasal verbs: travel
1 Complete the sentences with the words in the box. 4 Complete the phrasal verbs in the sentences with the
correct prepositions.
caravan cargo coast destination ambassador
inspired contemporaries abandoned pilgrimage 1 We got back home very late last night.
pilot set off 2 I picked my cousin from the airport.
3 My dad sets for work at 5.30 every morning.
1 Many Muslims go on a to Makkah.
4 The rocket blasted and quickly disappeared
2 That ship is carrying a of oil.
into the clouds.
3 We sailed across the Atlantic for three days before
5 The spacecraft touched on the surface of Mars.
reaching the of America.
6 If you’re going into town, can you drop me at
4 His books about India me to go there myself.
the supermarket?
5 What time did you to go to work this morning?
7 We checked at a hotel near the airport.
6 The guided the ship into the port.
8 Quick! Get the train. It’s about to leave.
7 The of merchants and pilgrims crossed the
9 Hotels guests must check by 11 a.m.
desert on foot.
10 The bus driver told me which stop to get at.
8 My uncle has a good job. He’s the British to
Egypt.
9 It took days for the pilgrims to reach their . challenge!
10 They their car in the snowstorm and walked Describe the picture using some of the words in exercise 1
home. and the questions in the box to help you.
11 A few of her were poets too. Where is the ship? Where is it going? What is its cargo?
At the station
2 Match the words to make compound nouns.
1 departures a car
2 information b desk
3 sleeping c area
4 ticket d board
5 waiting e office
3 Match the words in the box with the definitions.

cafeteria carriage guard locomotive passenger
platform ticket
1 a person who travels on a bus or a train:

2 part of a train in which people sit:
3 a place where you can get something to eat and drink:
4 the part of a station where the train arrives:

5 a railway engine that pulls a train:
6 the person who is in charge of a train, but doesn’t drive it:
7 small piece of paper that you buy in order to travel on a

bus or a train:
Unit 10 • Discovery 77

grammar
The passive (present simple) 3 Look at pictures (1–6).Complete the sentences about the
making of paper. Use the present simple passive. Number
1 Write the words in the correct order to make passive the sentences in the correct order.
sentences.
1 book / China. / printed / is / This / in
1 2
This book is printed in China.
2 made / Laws / by / Parliament. / are

3 year. / committed / crimes / A / of / lot / are / every

4 is / made / Cheese / milk. / from 3 4

5 played / in / Rugby / Australia. / is

6 to power / Oil products / used / vehicles. / are

5 6
2 Complete the sentences. Use the present passive of the
verbs in the box.
not allow export include make not sell speak
use watch
1 These cars are exported to countries all over the world.

2 Petrol from oil. Paper is an amazing invention. Millions of tonnes of
3 Magazines in that shop. paper are used (use) in schools and offices every
4 You to ride bikes in the park. day. But how it (make)?
5 How many languages in the UK?
The mixture (press) onto large flat
6 This reality TV show by millions of people
metal sheets.
every week.
7 This room only when we The rolls of paper (send) to factories.
have guests. The paper (make) into books,
8 service in the bill? magazines, and hundreds of other things.
The sheets of paper (dry). Then they

challenge! (put) into big rolls.
Write sentences about the things below, using the present
Trees (grow) on a ‘tree farm’. The
passive and the verbs in the box.
trees (cut down), then new trees
use produce make find sell (plant).
1 computers Computers are used in most schools. The chips (cook) with a lot of water.
The wood (take) by lorry to the paper

2 oil
mill. The wood (cut) into very small
pieces (called ‘chips’).
3 cars
4 paper
5 MP3 players

skills
Inventions and discoveries
1 Label the photos and match them with categories in the box.
communication domestic appliances energy media and entertainment
1 2 3 4
1 3 Which inventions enable us to …

2 1 see inside the human body
3 2 eat food weeks or months after we have bought it
4
2 What did the inventions above replace? Match photos (1–4) 3 see objects that are far away
with photos (a–d). 4 cure infections
5 make our clothes clean
a b 6 correct poor eyesight
7 speak to someone in a different place
8 make books, magazines, newspapers, etc.
9 keep food fresh for a few days

10 find information on websites
11 generate electricity
lllll Extension: Fractions and decimals
. = a quarter 1B/d = one and a third

2D/f = two and three fifths 2- = two and a half
0.1 = nought point one 1.52 = one point five two
c d
4 Look at the examples above. Write these numbers in
words. Then practise saying them.
1 23/4
2 /3
2
3 11/5
4 31/2
5 0.5
6 1.66
7 0.75
8 2.18

grammar
The passive (other tenses) 3 Choose the correct tense in these passive sentences.
1 The planet Uranus was / has been discovered over 200
1 Write sentences in the past simple passive. years ago.
1 this book / write / in 1956 2 Since 2001, over 100 million iPods were / have been sold.
This book was written in 1956. 3 Last year, 10% of all new goods were / have been sold
over the internet.
2 this car / make / in Japan
4 Tom wasn’t / hasn’t been seen since yesterday afternoon.
5 This book was just / has just been made into a film.
3 the photos / take / by my sister
4 Complete the text. Use the passive form of the verbs in
4 the crime / commit / at 5 o’clock this morning brackets, past simple or present perfect.
5 I / help / by my brother
6 the pyramids / build / more than 4500 years ago
7 the painting / find / in an old box
2 Compare these two pictures of the same street. What has

changed?
New solar system discovered

This image 1 was taken (take) by the Gemini Observatory,
in Hawaii, and shows infrared pictures of two planets and
a star, about 130 light years from Earth. Bruce Macintosh,
who 2 (involve) in the project, said that the
breakthrough could help in the search for another planet
like Earth. The planets themselves, thought to be between
seven and 10 times the size of Jupiter, 3 (form)
about 60 million years ago and are so young that they are
still ‘glowing’ from heat that 4 (release) when
they 5 (create). The two planets
6
(discover) in October 2007, but this is the first
time that they 7 actually (photograph).
1 rubbish / pick up
5 Make the active sentences passive.
The rubbish has been picked up.
1 They sell bread in that shop.
2 bus stop / repair
Bread is sold in that shop.

3 flowers / plant 2 They will deliver the letter tomorrow.

4 pavement / clean 3 They haven’t chosen me for the football team.

5 hedge / cut 4 They repaired my car last week.

6 house / sell 5 They didn’t clean the room.

6 They will probably discover more planets in the future.


writing
An article 3 Think of two inventions which are in your view very
important. Make notes.
Preparation First invention:
1 Read the text below. Which two inventions does the writer Why is it important?
choose to write about? First reason:
1
2
2 Choose the best phrases from the box to complete the text. Second reason:
Some phrases can be used more than once.
for example The reason Furthermore
The second invention However To sum up in my view
What is more The first invention On the other hand
Second invention:
Why is it important?
First reason:
Second reason:
Writing task
4 In your notebook, write an article (130–150 words) and
call it ‘Two Great Inventions’. Use your notes from exercise
Two great inventions 3 and some of the phrases from exercise 2. Write an
introduction and conclusion. Write about each invention in a
The world is full of great inventions that have made our separate paragraph.
lives easier, safer or more comfortable. How did people
1
ever live without the internet, ? The two Check your work
inventions I am going to write about are ones that have
Have you
significantly improved the lives of ordinary people.
2 written an introduction and conclusion?
I’ve chosen is the fridge. It’s written about each invention in a separate paragraph?
important because without it, we couldn’t keep meat used some of the phrases in exercise 2?
and fish fresh for more than a few hours, especially in written 130–150 words?
a hot climate.
3
, if we have a fridge we checked grammar, spelling and punctuation?
don’t have to drive to the supermarket so often, which
is better for the environment.
4
I’ve chosen is the ballpoint pen.
5
Nowadays we take them for granted.
I’ve chosen the ballpoint pen is that they are so simple
6
and convenient. , they are cheap –
anyone can afford one.
7
, these are not the most wonderful
8
inventions in the world, but they have
made everyone’s life better.

1 Write the past participles of these verbs. 4 Complete the text with the verbs in the box. Use the passive.
1 make 9 spin develop invent support use
2 teach 10 build
3 take 11 prove
4 write 12 hide
5 do 13 spread
6 find 14 shut
7 grow 15 input
8 buy 16 spill
Your score /16
2 Complete the sentences with the passive form of the verb be

in the correct tense (affirmative, negative or interrogative).
1 Computers used in most lessons.
2 The number zero invented until 967 AD.
3 In the future, Nasīr al-Dīn al-Tūsī always
remembered as the founder of modern The hovercraft 1 in 1959 by
geometry. Christopher Cockerell. Cockerell studied
4 This floor cleaned. It’s really dirty. engineering and was fascinated by the idea of a
5 Most Saturdays, football matches played on hovercraft, a machine that 2 by
this pitch – but not this Saturday. a cushion of air and ‘floats’ across water or land.
6 I can’t find my wallet. I think it stolen. The first hovercraft was quite small, but since
7 I invited to the party. That’s why I didn’t go. then much larger models 3 that
can carry 400 passengers and over 50 cars. Now
Your score /7
hovercrafts 4 all over the world to
3 Make the sentences passive. Use by if necessary.
carry people over land and sea.
1 They tidy and clean the living room every day.
Your score /4
2 They will build a new bridge over the river. 5 Correct the underlined mistakes in these sentences.
1 Al-Khwarizmi will remember as the ‘father of algebra’.
3 They didn’t repair my car very well.
2 Football is playing all over the world.
4 They grow tea in India.
3 The tree blown down in the storm.
5 They transported the goods by ship.
4 When did the man arrested?
6 The burning of fossil fuels causes global warming.
5 My watch has stolen!

7 The police have arrested a man.
6 How was the car damage?

Your score /7
Your score /6
Total /40

1 Answer the vocabulary quiz questions. 2 Complete the text with suitable prepositions.
Quiz
1 is the study of religion.
2 The board shows when the trains are

leaving.
3 I don’t need my glasses. I’m wearing contact

.
4 The job of a ship’s is to guide the ship into

the port.
5 What’s the opposite of blast off? .
6 ‘Which does the train to London go from?’

‘10.’
7 ‘Does your grandfather work?’ ‘Not any more. He

at the age of 65.’
8 Let’s get something to eat in the before we

get on the train.
Space: the ultimate frontier
Virgin Galactic is on the point of making space travel
9 Let’s check to the hotel and leave our bags
available to every man and woman on the street.
in our room.
Passengers will spend three days preparing for the
1
10 That ship is carrying a of vegetables. trip before they set . After this training
period, they will go to the purpose-built Mojave
11 Goa is a port on the south-west of India.
Spaceport in the Californian desert to check
12 ‘Why do things fall to the ground when you drop them?’ 2
for their flight. Here they get
‘It’s .’ 3
the spacecraft. A specially designed jet
13 The sailors survived a when their ship hit carrier aircraft will carry them through the atmosphere,
some rocks. and then the spacecraft will be launched into space.
4
Here passengers will take their seatbelts
14 The blew his whistle and the train left.
and enjoy the experience of zero gravity. They will look
5
15 What’s the opposite of pick sb up? . of the window and see the Earth as
they have never seen it before. Later they will go
16 If you look at the moon through a , you can 6
to their seats which will now be in a
see the surface clearly.
reclining position, and they will return to the spaceport
7
17 A car is a special carriage with beds. lying . After the spacecraft touches
8 9
18 Don’t off the bus until you reach the town , the passengers will get
centre. and make their way to the celebration dinner awaiting
10
them. When they check of the complex
19 Your is the place you’re going to. the next day, they will have an unforgettable memory
20 They took of my hand at hospital and of their days at Mojave, which they will be talking
discovered that I’d broken it. about for days to come.
Your score /20 Your score /10
Total /30

round-up 1–2
Before reading: Competitive sport 3 Choose the correct answer.
1 In a ‘coxless four’ there are
1 Complete the sentences about the Oxford–Cambridge
boat race. Use the words in the box. a three rowers and a b four rowers and no
cox cox
annual cox dead heat record rowers
spectators takes place take part teams 2 Redgrave and his team won the final
a by less than a b by more than a
1 The boat race takes place in London.
second second
2 It is an event.
3 There are two (one from Oxford and one 3 Redgrave won his first gold medal in
from Cambridge). a Los Angeles b Sydney
4 In each boat there are eight and a 4 Redgrave also won an Olympic
, who steers. a silver medal b bronze medal
5 Lots of watch the race from the banks of
the river. 5 Redgrave holds
6 In 1877 both boats finished at exactly the same time – a two records b nine records
it was a . 6 Redgrave also likes
7 In 1982 Sue Brown was the first woman to a winter sports b water sports
in the race.
8 In 1998 Cambridge set a new for the Challenge!
course – 16 minutes and 19 seconds. Write a short text (about 30 words) about a sportsperson
you like. Include this information:
• name and nationality
2 Read the text. How many Olympic gold medals did Steve • his/her sport
Redgrave win? Choose the correct answer.
• his/her biggest achievement / success
a four b five c six • why you like him/her
A great rower
A sportsperson I really like is
S eptember 23rd 2000 was a special day for British

rower, Steve Redgrave. He was rowing in the final
of the ‘coxless four’ (four rowers without a cox) at the
Olympic Games in Sydney, Australia. The spectators
on the bank were cheering as the boat finished the
Steve Redgrave in Sydney
race. He and his team won the race by 0.3 seconds,
with the Italian team second and the Australian
team third.
It was Redgrave’s fifth Olympic gold medal. He also
won gold medals in Los Angeles (1984), Seoul (1988),
Barcelona (1992) and Atlanta (1996), and a bronze
medal in Seoul. It was an incredible achievement.
Only four other sportspeople have won gold medals
in five different Olympic Games. Redgrave has also
won nine World Championship gold medals, and he
holds one world record and one Olympic record. But
he doesn’t just row. He also likes winter sports and in
1998 was a member of the British bobsleigh team.
84 Round-up 1–2

round-up 3–4
Before reading: Describing a country 3 Complete the fact file about Scotland.
1 Complete the sentences about Wales with the words in

Location in the north of Britain
the box. Population
Celtic farming independent industrial Capital

kayaking population situated spectacular Highest mountain
Languages and
1 Wales is not . It’s part of the UK.
Important industry
2 Most of the of Wales live in the south.
3 In the north, there are lakes, valleys and Famous tourist attraction
rivers.
4 The most part of the country is the south. 4 Read the sentences. Are they true or false for the place
where you live? Write T or F.
5 Cardiff is in the south.
6 Welsh is a language. 1 There aren’t many people here.
7 People come to Wales to go on the rivers. 2 There’s a lot of beautiful scenery.
8 is an important industry in Wales. 3 There’s a lot for young people to do.
4 There’s a lot of pollution.
5 The people are very friendly.
2 Read the text about Scotland. Match paragraphs (1–4) 6 It’s an exciting place to live.
with the missing first sentences (a–e). There is one extra 7 It’s a very industrial region.
sentence that you don’t need to use.
8 It’s difficult to find jobs here.
a The scenery in Scotland is spectacular.
b Many famous people come from Scotland. 5 Write two advantages and two disadvantages of living
c Tourism is an important industry in Scotland. where you live. Use ideas from exercise 4 or your own ideas.
d Scotland isn’t an independent state. Advantages:
e People in Scotland speak English.
Scotl and Disadvantages:
1 It is part of the UK. It is situated in the north of

Britain. It has a population of about five million and
the capital is Edinburgh. Most of the population live in
Challenge!
the south of the country.
Do the quiz about Wales. Then check your answers with a
2 The north of Scotland is called the Highlands partner.
because there are a lot of mountains, including Ben 1 What is the population of Wales?
Nevis, the highest mountain in the UK. There are also a 3 million b 13 million c 30 million
beautiful lakes and woods. 2 How much of the population speaks Welsh?
3 There is also a Scottish language called Gaelic, a 100% b 75% c 20%
which is a Celtic language. However, only about 3 What is the capital of Wales?
60,000 people in Scotland now speak it. Most of them a Dublin b Edinburgh c Cardiff
live in the Highlands. 4 Which of these cities is in Wales?
4 Edinburgh and Glasgow are two exciting cities in a Swansea b Liverpool c Manchester
the south. Many people visit the north of Scotland to 5 What is the name of the highest mountain in Wales?
enjoy the clean air and wonderful scenery. One of the a Snowdon b Everest c Fuji
most famous tourist attractions in this region is Loch 6 Which of these famous actresses is Welsh?
Ness, home of the Loch Ness monster! a Angelina Jolie
b Catherine Zeta-Jones
c Penélope Cruz
Round-up 3–4 85

round-up 5–6
Before reading: Mobile phones
1 Complete the sentences with the nouns in the box. The only gadget you’ll ever need
bill handset number ringtone text message
voice calls wireless headset
1 Who pays the for your mobile phone

calls?
2 ‘Hello, is that James?’
‘No, my name’s Peter.’
‘Sorry. I dialled the wrong .’
3 If I don’t answer my phone, send me a .
4 This is really old. I want to upgrade it.
5 When you use your mobile phone in the car, you
should use a .
6 I don’t like texting people. I prefer talking to them, so I
usually make .
2
7 I downloaded a great last night. Listen.
Match the phrases in A with the phrases in B. Then use

N

owadays you can make voice calls, send text
messages, take photos and record video clips
with most mobile phones. However the latest 3G
the expressions to complete the sentences. phones can do much more than that. 3G stands
A B for ‘third generation’. With 3G phones you can do
1 is addicted to a a texting competition many things that you normally do on a computer.
2 stay in touch with b about £10 on texts For example, you can access the internet and send
3 pay c my friends and receive emails. On some models you can
4 take part in d my phone bill even type letters and download them onto your
5 spend e text messaging PC in order to print them. You can download
songs from the internet and play them on your
1 My dad says he’ll phone, and you can also listen to the radio. It’s
because I haven’t got any money. also possible to download videos, e.g. episodes
2 My brother . He sends of your favourite TV programme or the highlights
about 50 messages a day! of a football match. The most recent phones
3 I use my mobile to .
actually allow you to watch TV so you never need
to miss your favourite programmes. Mobile phone
4 My brother is a really fast texter. Next week he’s going
manufacturers are hoping that in the future a
to . I hope he wins.
mobile phone is the only gadget you’ll ever need!
5 They every month. Do
you think that’s a lot of money?
Challenge!
3 Read the text. What can you do with 3G phones? Tick (3) Can you write these text messages in normal English?
the boxes.
1 WHERE RU?
ownload songs
d record TV programmes
Where are you?
make coffee access the internet
2 DO U WNT 2 GO OUT 2NITE?
watch TV print letters

listen to the radio download videos
3 W8 4 ME @ THE PRK
send and receive e-mails play music

4 THX 4 YR TXT MSG

5 CU L8R

86 Round-up 5–6

round-up 7–8
Before reading: Going green 2 Read the text. Which statement is false?
1 The UK recycles more than Germany and Holland.
1 Complete the information about the environment. Use
the words in the box. 2 The UK recycles more now than five years ago.
3 We throw away a lot of packaging from food.
decompose improve oil organic ozone
pesticides recycles renewable ultra-violet
warming
A load of rubbish
I
Plastic bags can take up n the UK, people are finally starting to listen to the
to 1,000 years to message about recycling. British families now recycle
1 . When we go about 22% of their waste. Only five years ago, the figure
shopping, we should take was about 10%. That’s good news for the environment – but
a bag with us. there’s a lot more to do. Some other European countries,
like Germany and Holland, already recycle about 60% of
their waste and that’s the goal for the UK too.
Households in England produce 25 million tonnes of
The 2 layer waste a year. More than half of this is garden waste, paper,
stops 3 light cardboard and kitchen waste – which people could recycle.
from the sun. It’s between They could also recycle plastic, wood, glass and aluminium
17 and 15 kilometres cans. In fact, if everybody in the UK recycled all of their
above the surface of the drinks cans, there would be 14 million fewer rubbish bins of
Earth. waste each year.
Recycling isn’t the only way to reduce the amount of rubbish
About 90% of the world’s we throw away. More than 40% of the waste in our bins is
energy comes from packaging from shopping. If we changed the way we shop,
we could easily reduce the amount of waste. For example,
4 , coal and gas.
street markets and small shops often use less packaging than
One problem is that they
supermarkets. And of course, if we grew our own fruit and
are not 5 – they
vegetables, there wouldn’t be any packaging at all!
will eventually run out.
Another problem is that
when we burn them they 3 Answer the questions.
cause global 6 . 1 How much of their waste do British families recycle now?

At the moment the EU
2 How much do they recycle in Germany and Holland?
only 7 about

45% of its waste. It wants
3 How much waste do households in England produce?
that figure to be between
50 and 80%. 4 What eight different things could people recycle?

5 How could we reduce the amount of packaging that we
throw away?
On non-organic farms,
farmers use more than
400 different 8 .
These can kill wild animals Challenge!
and birds, and also cause Think of ways that you personally could reduce the amount
water pollution. If more of rubbish you produce. It could be by recycling, re-using
things or changing what you buy.
people bought 9
food, this would help I could
to 10 the
environment.
Round-up 7–8 87

round-up 9–10
Before reading: Crime novels 4 Read the statements about Sherlock Holmes. Tick (3) the
ones which are also true for Morse. Rewrite the ones which
1 Choose the correct endings for the definitions. are not.
1 A fictional character exists in 1 Holmes is a fictional detective. 3
a stories, not real life. b real life, not stories. 2 Holmes works for himself. 7
2 A detective is a kind of Morse works for the police.
a police officer. b criminal. 3 Holmes is a rather sad man.
3 A deerstalker is a kind of
a coat. b hat. 4 Holmes’ closest friend is a doctor.
4 A magnifying glass helps you to
a hear things better. b see things better. 5 Holmes is not married.
5 A depressed person is
a happy. b sad. 6 There are 25 stories about Holmes.
6 A fan is somebody who
a really likes something or somebody. 7 Holmes has an extremely unusual first name.
b really hates something or somebody.
8 Holmes dies, but the author brought him back to life.
2 Look quickly through the text, ignoring the gaps. Find the
names of the two characters and the make of car in the
photo.
Challenge!
Characters:
Car: Do you know any other famous fictional detectives (in
films, TV, or books)? If so, add information about them to
3 Complete the text with the adjectives in the box. the chart.
bored fictional final intelligent married Name of Writer Titles of Character

old-fashioned free well-known character books/films
Miss Marple Agatha Christie The Murder quiet,
at the intelligent,
MORSE Inspector Morse is a famous
1 detective. He is
Vicarage determined
the creation of the novelist Colin Dexter. Dexter

studied at Cambridge University and then worked as a
teacher. He started to write detective stories in his
2 time. Today, Morse is 3
around the world because of the TV programmes as
well as the novels.
Morse works for the police. He lives in Oxford and
drives a large, 4 Jaguar car. He is an
extremely 5 man and a very successful
detective. However, he is also a lonely and rather sad
man who is easily 6 with everyday life.
He is not 7 and his closest friend is
Sergeant Lewis, a police officer who works with him.
There are thirteen novels about Endeavour Morse.
(Like Sherlock Holmes, Morse has an extremely unusual
first name!) In the 8 novel, Morse dies.
His fans were very upset, but unlike Conan Doyle,
author of the Sherlock Holmes stories, Colin Dexter has
refused to bring his hero back to life.
88 Round-up 9–10

functions bank
Giving an opinion Arranging to meet

What do you like doing in your free time? What are you up to?
What else do you like doing? Nothing much.
Who’s your favourite [singer]? Do you fancy meeting up later?
What’s your favourite [food]? Why don’t we meet at the [department store]?
He’s all right / terrible. Where do you want to meet?
I love [surfing the internet]. Where are we going to meet, exactly?
I can’t stand [football]. OK, great. See you later!
I enjoy going to the [cinema].
I prefer going to the [theatre]. Making invitations
So do I. What are your plans for the weekend?
I hate [shopping]. I’m having a party tomorrow. Would you like to come?
Great. See you there.
Talking about the past Sure. Good idea.
What did you do [last weekend]? I’d love to, thanks.
Where did you go? I’m sorry, I can’t.
Did you have a good [weekend]? Sorry, but I won’t be able to make it.
Who did you visit?
We went to [town]. Giving advice
It was really good. Can I ask your advice about something?
The weather was [great]. OK, thanks. That’s a good idea.

Sure. What’s the problem?
Giving directions I think you should [ask him about it].
Excuse me. Is there a [bank] near here? I think you ought to [talk to him].
Can you tell me how to get there? I don’t think you should [wait].
Go along [Queen Street]. In my opinion, you shouldn’t [wait].
Go past the [bus stop] If I were you, I’d talk to him.
Go straight on.
Go to the end of the road. Reporting a theft
Take the first right. I think someone has stolen [my bag].
Turn left at the traffic lights. I think I left it in a [café].

I went straight back, but it wasn’t there.
Buying tickets I’ll just take some details.
Can I help? Can you describe it?
I’d like two tickets at [£25], please. What was in the [bag]?
Adults or children? When did this happen?
One adult and two children.
Can I book tickets to see [the concert], please? Asking for information
I’m afraid the concert is sold out. I wonder if you could help me.
I’m looking for a book called [The Great Explorers].
Buying clothes It’ll be over there, in the [History] section.
I’ m looking for [a jumper]. Let me just check on the computer.
What size are you? Do you know the name of the author?
Can I try it on? I’m afraid it’s out on loan.
The changing rooms are over there. When is it due back?
Functions bank 89

writing bank
Informal letters
Dear Clare,
• Start the letter with Dear and the person’s
How are things? It was great to see you during the holidays
first name.
• We sometimes start a letter by asking
and thanks for showing me all the sights of York. I had a
how the person is.
fantastic time.
• Divide the letter into short paragraphs, each I started university here in Cairo last week. There’s so much
with its own topic. information and so many new people to meet. I think the course is
• We can use colloquial words and phrases. going to be really interesting and I’m sure I’ll have a lot of fun here.
• We can end the letter with an expression like How is your new job? Are you enjoying it? It must be really
Write soon, Best wishes, or Take care, and your nice to be earning some money. I’m going to try to get a part-
first name. If we know the person well, we can time job while I’m studying here. A bit of extra cash will be really
use Love, Lots of love or With love from. useful. There’s a bookshop in the city centre that’s advertising for
• Use P.S. to add extra information or ask a staff so I might go there and have a chat with them.
question at the end of the letter. Well, I’ve got to get back to the books. Write soon.
Best wishes,
Tania
P.S. Are you going to come and visit me next year?
Formal letters
• Start the letter with Dear and the person’s title and family
Dear Sir or Madam, name. Use Mr for men, Mrs for married women and Miss for
I am writing to apply for the holiday job in your single women.
restaurant, which I saw advertised in the Evening • If we don’t the know the name of the person we are writing
News last week. to, we start the letter Dear Sir or Madam.
I am seventeen years old, a student at Newton’s • In the first paragraph, we usually say why we are writing.
College, and have lots of experience working in • In the next paragraph, we write the important information.
restaurants and cafés. Last summer I worked as a waiter • To ask for something, we can use set phrases such as Could
in Mario’s Café and recently I have been working at The you please …, or I would be grateful if you could … .
Bay Leaf in the High Street. I am hard-working, honest and • If we want a reply, we can write I look forward to hearing
have good customer service skills. from you. after the final paragraph.
I would be grateful if you could send me some • Do not use colloquial language or short forms, e.g. I’m,
more details about the job and I would be happy you’re.
to discuss my application with you. I am • We finish the letter with Yours sincerely if we used the
enclosing my CV. person’s name at the start, or Yours faithfully if we didn’t.
I look forward to hearing from you. We write our whole name.

Yours faithfully,
Tina White
Notes: accepting or declining an invitation

• Start the note with Dear or Hi and the
person’s name.
Dear Simon,
• Finish the note with Love or Best wishes and I got your note. Great to hear from you. Thanks very
your name.
• We often use abbreviations when
much for the invitation to the barbecue in your garden.
we write notes. I’d love to come. I’m really looking forward to it.
• We don’t usually divide the text into
paragraphs. Love
• We can use colloquial words and phrases.
Paul
P.S. Do you want me to bring anything? Let me know!
90 Writing bank

writing bank
A leaflet
• Include an eye-catching title and slogans.
Action on
• Use bullet points. Homelessness
l There are over 500 homeless people in our city.
• Use short informative sentences.
l Many of them are under 20 years old.
• You can address the reader directly. How would you feel if you didn’t have a
home and had to sleep on the streets?
• You can include contact details, if appropriate.
LET’S DO SOMETHING ABOUT IT!
DAY OF ACTION: 4th May

We are collecting warm clothes to give to homeless
people. If you have any old clothes that you don’t need,
please bring them to the school hall.
For more information ring Harriet on

562265
An opinion essay
‘The differences between boys and girls are • Start with a general statement.
natural and are present when a child is born.’
Do you agree?
• Give your opinion in the first paragraph.
This is an issue on which people hold strong views.
Some people argue that male and female brains
• Put each argument or example in a separate paragraph.
are different and that this causes differences in
behaviour. However, I believe that most of the
differences are the result of the way in which we bring • Use set phrases to express your opinions.
up children at home and at school.
At home, most parents give toy cars to their sons and • Use linking words to join phrases and sentences.
dolls to the daughters. In my view, this encourages
boys to be aggressive and girls to be caring and
sensitive. • In the conclusion, summarize your argument and give
your opinion again.
Furthermore, at school more boys do science and
maths than girls. In my opinion, this is not because
boys are naturally better at these subjects but
because there are more male scientists, who act as
role models.
In conclusion, I believe that boys and girls are born
the same, and that the way we treat them as children
makes them different from each other.
Writing bank 91

vocabulary notebook unit 1
a little /@ "lItl/ expect /Ik"spekt/
afraid of heights expert /"eksp3;t/
/@%freId @v "haIts/ fancy (doing sth)
ambitious /&m"bIS@s/ /%f&nsi 8"(du;IN ...)/
amusing /@"mju;zIN/ fashionable /"f&Sn@bl/
appearance /@"pI@r@ns/ fault /"fO;lt/
apron /"eIpr@n/ fearless /"fI@l@s/
argument /"A;gjum@nt/ friendly /"frendli/
assertive /@"sj3;tIv/ furthermore /"f3;D@"mO;(r)/
attend /@"tend/ generous /"Ùen@r@s/
attitude /"&tItju;d/ hard-working
avoid /@"vOId/ /%hA;d "w3;kIN/
bad-mannered impatient /Im"peISnt/
/b&d "m&n@d/ informal /In"fO;ml/
band /b&nd/ interview /"Int@vju;/
behaviour /bI"heIvj@(r)/ intolerant /In"tQl@r@nt/
boss /bQs/ invest /In"vest/
brand /br&nd/ judge /ÙVÙ/
bungee jump /"bVnÙi %ÙVmp/ jumpsuit /"ÙVmpsu;t/
can’t help sth keen on sth/sb
/%kA;nt "help .../ /"ki;n %Qn .../
can’t stand sth keyboard /"ki;bO;d/
/%kA;nt "st&nd ... / label /"leIbl/
casual /"k&Zu@l/ lazy /"leIzi/
certain /"s3;rtn/ logo /"l@Ug@U/
chat /Í&t/ make (a decision)
chef /Sef/ /%meIk (@ dI"sIZn)/
coach /k@UtS/ make new friends
company /"kVmp@ni/ /%meIk %nju; "frendz/
compulsory /k@m"pVls@ri/ mean /mi;n/
confidence /"kQnfId@ns/ mechanic /m@"k&nIk/
considerate /kQn"sId@r@t/ nervous /"n3;v@s/

decision /dI"sIZn/ not at all /%nQt @t "O;l/
design /dI"zaIn/ nurse /n3;s/
diver /"daIv@(r)/ occasion /@"keIZn/
don’t fancy sth office worker
/%d@Unt "f&nsi .../ /"QfIs %w3;k@(r)/
don’t mind sth optimistic /QptI"mIstIk/
/%d@Unt "maInd .../ overalls /"@Uv@rO;lz/
dress /dres/ packaging /"p&kIÙIN/
dress code /"dres %k@Ud/ patient /"peISnt/
earnest /"3;nIst/ personality /p3;s@"n&l@ti/
/i/ happy /&/ flag /3;/ her /U/ look /V/ mum /OI/ noisy /I@/ here
/I/ it /A;/ art /Q/ not /u;/ you /eI/ day /aU/ how /e@/ wear
/i;/ he /e/ egg /O;/ four /@/ sugar /aI/ why /@U/ go /U@/ tourist
92 Vocabulary notebook

pessimistic /pesI"mIstIk/ Additional vocabulary
phobic /"f@UbIk/
physician /fI"zISn/
pilot /"paIl@t/
popular /"pQpj@l@(r)/
pretend /prI"tend/
profession /pr@"feSn/
quiet /"kwaI@t/
quite /kwaIt/
really /"ri;@li/
refuse /rI"fju;z/
respectable /rI"spekt@bl/
rude /ru;d/
shy /SaI/
slightly /"slaItli/
slogan /"sl@Ug@n/
staff /stA;f/
stereotype /"steri@UtaIp/
suit /su;t/
talkative /"tO;k@tIv/
text /tekst/
text message /"tekst %mesIÙ/
theatre group
/"TI@t@ %gru;p/
thoughtless /"TO;tl@s/
tie /taI/
timid /"tImId/
tolerant /"tQl@r@nt/
torn /tO;n/
tracksuit /"tr&ksu;t/
unfriendly /Vn"frendli/
uniform (n) /"ju;nIfO;m/
very /"veri/
wear /we@(r)/
weather conditions
/"weD@ k@n%dISnz/
web design /"web dI%zaIn/
well-mannered /%wel "m&n@d/
wetsuit /"wetsu;t/
white coat /%waIt "k@Ut/
wig and gown
/%wIg @n "gaUn/
/p/ pen /d/ dog /tS/ beach /v/ very /s/ speak /Z/ television /n/ now /r/ radio
/b/ big /k/ can /dZ/ job /T/ think /z/ zoo /h/ house /N/ sing /j/ yes
/t/ two /g/ good /f/ food /D/ then /S/ she /m/ meat /l/ late /w/ we
Vocabulary notebook 93

across /@"krQs/ growl /graUl/
along /@"lQN/ gymnastics /ÙIm"n&stIks/
arrive /@"raIv/ head (for)
athletics /&T"letIks/ /"hed %fO;(r), f@(r)/
attack /@"t&k/ hurdles /"h3;dlz/
backwards and forwards ice hockey /"aIs %hQki/

/"b&kw@dz @n "fO;wdz/ into /"Intu;, "Int@/
badminton /"b&dmInt@n/ it was clear that
ball sport /"bO;l %spO;t/ /%It w@z "klI@ D@t/
baseball /"beIsbO;l/ judo /"Ùu;d@U/
basketball /"bA;skItbO;l/ karate /k@"rA;ti/
battle /"b&tl/ keep /ki;p/

become professional long jump /"lQN %ÙVmp/
/bI%kVm pr@"feS@nl/ miss an easy shot
career /k@"rI@(r)/ /%mIs @n %i;zi "SQt/
catch fire /%k&Í "faI@(r)/ outstanding /aUt"st&ndIN/
champion /%tS&mpi@n/ play a joke /pleI @ "dZ@Uk/
cheat /Íi;t/ play along with
/pleI @"lQN wID/
cheer /ÍI@(r)/
play back /pleI "b&k/
compete /k@m"pi;t/
play for time
cycling /"saIklIN/ /pleI f@ "taIm/
danger /"deInÙ@(r)/ play it cool /pleI It "ku;l/
dangerous /"deInÙ@r@s/ play the fool /pleI D@ "fu;l/
dead heat /%ded "hi;t/ play with fire
delay /dI"leI/ /pleI wID "faI3(r)/
destined /destInd/ play your cards right
earliest success /pleI j@ "kA;dz %raIt/
/%3;li@st s@k"ses/ prepare (for) sth
face down /%feIs "daUn/ /prI"pe@ (f@) .../
finish last /%fInIS "lA;st/ professional /pr@"feS@nl/
football /"fUtbO;l/ racial discrimination
/"reISl dIskrImI"neISn/
football team
/"fUtbO;l %ti;m/ recuperate /rI"ku;p@reIt/
freestyle /"fri;staIl/ referee /ref@"ri;/
get ready to do sth rope /r@Up/
/%get %redi t@ "du; .../ rugby /"rVgbi/
go surfing /%g@U "s3;fIN/ rush /rVS/
gold rush /g@Uld rVS/ save /seIv/
golf /gQlf/ school trip /%sku;l "trIp/
greatest achievement second half
/%greItIst @"Íi;vm@nt/ /"sek@nd %hA;f/
grip /grIp/ send off /%send "Qf/

set a world record unfortunately
/%set @ %w3;ld "rekO;d/ /Vn"fO;tS@n@tli/
set in /%set "In/ up /Vp/
set off /%set "Qf/ volleyball /"vQlibO;l/
set on sb /"set %Qn .../ water sport /"wO;t@ %spO;t/
set sb down weightlifting /"weItlIftIN/
/%set ... "daUn/ world champion
set sth aside /%w3;ld "Í&mpi@n/
/%set ... @"saId/ wound /wu;nd/
set sth back /%set ... "b&k/
shake /S@Ik/ Additional vocabulary
sharp /SA;p/
shore /SO;(r)/
sink /sINk/
spectator /spek"teIt@(r)/
sponsor /"spQns@(r)/
sports commentary
/"spO;ts %kQm@ntri/
sports commentator
/"spO;ts %kQm@nteIt@(r)/
sports fan /"spO;ts %f&n/
sportsperson /"spO;tsp3;sn/
start /stA;t/
stay /steI/
steer a boat
/%stI@r @ "b@Ut/
stop /stQp/
surfboard /"s3;fbO;d/
surfer /"s3;f@(r)/
surfing /"s3;fIN/
survival instinct
/s@"vaIvl %InstINkt/
swimming /"swImIN/
table tennis /"teIbl %tenIs/
take place /%teIk "pleIs/
talented /"t&l@ntId/
team sport /"ti;m %spO;t/
tennis /"tenIs/
through /Tru;/
towards /t@"wO;dz/
treat sb badly
/%tri;t ... "b&dli/

abandon /@"b&nd@n/ fascinating /"f&sIneItIN/
abandoned /@"b&nd@nd/ field /fi;ld/
across /@"krAs/ footpath /"fUtpA;T/
advertisement found /faUnd/
/@d"v3;tIsm@nt/ from place to place
along /@"lAN/ /fr@m %pleIs t@ "pleIs/
appointment /@"pOIntm@nt/ gate /geIt/
atmospheric /&tm@s"ferIk/ globetrotter /"gl@UbtrQt@(r)/
attract /@"tr&kt/ groan /gr@Un/
bad impression grow /gr@U/
/%b&d Im"preSn/ harbour /"hA;b@(r)/
be in charge of sth/sb harm /hA;m/
/%bi; %In "ÍA;Ù @v .../
hedge /heÙ/
block /blQk/
hill /hIl/
blow /bl@U/
historic /hI"stQrIk/
brake /breIk/
ideal /aI"di;@l/
break /breIk/
I’m sure …
bus stop /"bVs %stQp/ /%aIm "SU@(r) .../
clerk /klA;k/ immigrant /"ImIgr@nt/
commuter /k@"mju;t@(r)/ in ruins /%In "ru;Inz/
compete with sth industrialized
/k@m"pi;t %wID .../ /In"dVstri@laIzd/
connected with informative /In"fO;m@tIv/
/k@"nektId %wID/
inhabitant /In"h&bIt@nt/
cosmopolitan
/kQzm@"pQlIt@n/ junk /ÙVNk/
cottage /"kQtIÙ/ lane /leIn/
dear /dI@(r)/ leaflet /"li;fl@t/
deer /dI@(r)/ live by /"lIv %baI/
die /dI@/ local /"l@Ukl/
do a job /%du; @ "ÙQb/ make a bad impression

/%meIk @ %b&d Im"preSn/
do badly /%du; "b&dli/
make a living
do harm (to) /%meIk @ "lIvIN/
/%du; "hA;m (t@)/
make a mistake
do maths /%du; "m&Ts/ /%meIk @ mI"steIk/
do well /%du; "wel/ make an appointment
don’t miss … /%meIk @n @"pOIntm@nt/
/"d@Unt %mIs .../ make money
dust /dVst/ /%meIk "mVni/
dye /dI@/ marvel (at) /"mA;vl (@t)/
dyed /dI@d/ mayor /"me@(r)/
emigrant /"emIgr@nt/ memory /mem@ri/
enormous /I"nO;m@s/

migrate /maI"greIt/ suburbs /"sVb3;bz/
move away (from) surround /s@"rQUnd/
/%mu;v @"weI (fr@m)/ take a trip (to)
natural disaster /%teIk @ "trIp (t@)/
/%n&Ír@l dI"zA;st@(r)/ take care of oneself
neighbourhood /%teIk "ke@r @v (...)%self/
/"neIb@hUd/ take the train (to)
nomad /"n@Um&d/ /"teIk D@ %treIn (t@)/
originally /@"rIdZ@n@li/ talkative /"tO;k@tIv/
over /"@Uv@(r)/ That’s enough!
paperwork /"peIp@w3;k/ /%D&ts I"nVf/
past /pa;st/ thrive /TraIv/
pavement /"peIvm@nt/ thriving /"TraIvIN/
peaceful /"pi;sfl/ through /Tru;/

pedestrian /p@"destri@n/ tiny /"tAIni/
pedestrian crossing tourist attraction
/p@%destri@n "krQsIN/ /"tU@rIst @%tr&kSn/
pilgrim /"pIlgrIm/ traffic /"tr&fIk/
pollution /p@"lu;Sn/ traffic lights /"tr&fIk %laIts/
postbox /"p@UstbQks/ treasurer /"treZ@r@(r)/
railway /"reIlweI/ urban /"3;b@n/

refugee /refju"Ùi;/ urban landscape
/%3;b@n "l&ndskeIp/
region /"ri;dZ@n/
valley /"v&li/
resort /rI"zO;t/
vast stretches (of)
road sign /"r@Ud %saIn/ /"vA;st %streÍIz @v/
roadworks /"r@Udw3;ks/ wander (through)
rubbish bin /"rVbIS %bIn/ /"wQnd@ (%Tru;)/
rural /"rU@r@l/ we can’t miss …
rural landscape /%wi; "kA;nt %mIs .../
/%rU@r@l "l&ndskeIp/ well-known /"wel %n@Un/
rust /rVst/ wood /wUd/
rusting /rVstIN/
sandy beach /%s&ndi "bi;Í/ Additional vocabulary
scenery /"si;n@ri/
side /saId/
sigh /saI/
spend time /%spend "taIm/
storey /"stO;ri/
story /"stO;ri/
stream /stri;m/
street lamp /"stri;t %l&mp/
stunning /"stVnIN/

admirable /"&dm@r@bl/ disappointed
agonizing /"&g@naIzIN/ /dIs@"pOIntId/
annoyed /@"nOId/ disappointing
/dIs@"pOIntIN/
annoying /@"nOIIN/
distressed /dI"stresd/
armed forces
/%A;md "fO;sIz/ dreadful /dredfl/
astounded /@"staUndId/ education /eÙu"keISn/

astounding /@"staUndIN/ embarrassed /Im"b&r@sIN/
at the back of embarrassing /Im"b&r@st/
/@t D@ "b&k @v/ end up with
at the front of /%end "Vp %wID/
/@t D@ "frVnt @v/ entrepreneur
attempt /@"tempt/ /Qntr@pr@"n3;(r)/
award /@"wO;d/ exceptional /Ik"sepS@nl/
best-known work exhausted /Ig"zO;stId/

/%best %n@Un "w3;k/ exhausting /Ig"zO;stIN/
betray /bI"treI/ fighting spirit
bewildered /bI"wIld3d/ /"faItIN %spIrIt/
bewildering /bI"wIld@rIN/ first language
/%f3;st "l&NgwIÙ/
biggest asset /%bIgIst "&set/
frightened /"fraItnd/
book sth online
/%bUk ... Qn"laIn/ frightening /"fraItnIN/
bored /bO;d/ generosity /Ùen@"rQs@ti/
boring /bO;rIN/ give up /%gIv "Vp/

bravery /"breIv@ri/ goal-scoring record
/"g@Ul %skO;rIN %rekO;d/
burst into flames
/b3;st Int@ "fleImz/ gripping /grIpIN/
business empire heroic /h@"r@UIk/

/"bIzn@s %empaI@(r)/ heroism /"her@UIz@m/
certainly /"s3;tnli/ horrific /h@"rIfIk/
charity worker horrified /"hArIfaId/
/"Í&2r@ti %w3;k@(r)/ identify (with)
chatroom /"Í&tru;m/ /aI"dentIfaI (%wID)/
civilian /s@"vIli@n/ impoverished /Im"pQv@rISt/
countless /"kaUntl@s/ imprisoned /Im"prIznd/
courage /"kVrIÙ/ in the end … /%In Di "end/
coveted /"kVv@tId/ in the face of /%In D@ "feIs @v/
cowardice /"kaU@dIs/ inspiration /Insp@"reISn/
crawl /krO;l/ inspire /In"spaI@(r)/
dazed /deIzd/ inspiring /In"spaI@rIN/
determined /dI"t3;mInd/ intelligence /In"telIÙ@ns/
intense /In"tens/

investigate /In"vestIgeIt/ sense of humour
lawyer /"lO;j@(r)/ /%sens @v "hju;m@(r)/
leadership /"li;d@SIp/ spectacular
/spek"t&kj@l@(r)/
look up to sb
/%lUk "Vp t@ .../ spy /spaI/
lose one’s temper stand by (sb) /%st&nd "baI/

/%lu;z (...) "temp@(r)/ station master
loyalty /"lOI@lti/ /"steISn mA;st@(r)/
manage to /"m&nIÙ t@/ stressful /"stresfl/
meanness /"mi;nn@s/ surprised /s@"praIzd/

mesmerized /"mezm@raIzd/ surprising /s@"praIzIN/
mesmerizing /"mezm@raIzIN/ talented /"t&l@ntId/
modesty /"mQd@sti/ tea time /"ti taIm/
moving /"mu;vIN/ terrified /"terIfaId/
news programme thought-provoking

/"nju;z %pr@Ugr&m/ /"TO;t pr@%v@UkIN/
novelist /"nAv@lIst/ thrilled /"TrIld/
old enough /"@Uld I%nVf/ thrilling /"TrIlIN/
old-fashioned train driver

/%@Uld "f&Snd/ /"treIn draIv@(r)/
overseas /@Uv@"si;z/ uncommon bravery
/Vn%kQm@n "breIv@ri/
panic-stricken
/"p&nIk %strIk@n/ unconscious /VnkQnS@s/
patience /"peISns/ unique /ju"ni;k/
perform an act (of) wait one’s turn
/p@"fO;m @n %&kt (@v)/ /%weIt ... "t3;n/
performance /p@"fO;m@ns/ waiting room
/"weItIN ru;m/
perseverance /p3;sI"vI@r@ns/
water level /"wO;t@ %levl/
personal acquaintance
/%p3;s@nl @"kweInt@ns/ well known /wel "n@Un/
physique /fI"zi;k/ whirlpool /"w3;lpu;l/
positive quality wisdom /"wIzd@m/

/"pQz@tIv %kwQl@ti/
prison /"prIzn/ Additional vocabulary
recipient /rI"sIpi@nt/
regain /rI"geIn/
rescue (from)
/"reskju; (fr@m)/
rescue services
/"reskju; %s3;vIsIz/
role model /"r@Ul %mQdl/
searing /sI@rIN/
sensation /sen"seISn/

against /@"genst/ government building
ancient /"eInS@nt/ /"gVvnm@nt %bIldIN/
arch /A;Í/ Great idea! /"greIt aI%dI@/
audience /"O;diens/ grounds /graUndz/
ballroom /"bO;lru;m/ guest /gest/
beam /bi;m/ hardware store
/"ha;dwe@% stO;/
belong (to) /bI"lQN t@/
headquarters /hed"kwO;t@z/
boardroom /"bO;dru;m/
host /h@Ust/
browse /"braUz/
housekeeper /"haUski;p@(r)/
building /"bIldIN/
huge /hju;Ù/
cash till /"k&S tIl/
I reckon … /%aI "rek@n/
castle /"kA;sl/
impressive sight
cathedral /k@"Ti;dr@l/ /Im%presIv "saIt/
celebrate (with) in the past /%In D@ "pA;st/
/"selIbreIt (%wID)/
informal /In"fO;ml/
charity shop /tS&r@ti SQp/
label /"leIbl/
clothes rail /"kl@UDz %reIl/
landlord /"l&ndlO;d/
column /"kQl@m/
landmark /"l&ndmA;k/
concert hall /"kQns@t %hO;l/
last /lA;st/
congregation /kQNgr@geISn/
latest adventure film
congress hall /%leItIst @d"venÍ@ %fIlm/
/kQNgres hOl;/
leisure facilities
construction /k@n"strVkSn/ /"leZ@ f@%sIl@tiz/
corner shop /"kO;na SQp/ lighthouse /"laIthaUs/
delicatessen /delIka"tesen/ mate /meIt/
department store minaret /mIn@"ret/
/dI"pa;tm@nt %stO;(r)/
monument /"mQnjum@nt/
diner /"daIn@(r)/
monumental /mQnju"mentl/
dome /d@Um/
museum /mju"zi;@m/
dominate /"dQmIneIt/
newsagent’s /"nju;zeIÙ@nts/
earthquake /"3;TkweIk/
oilfield /"OIlfi;ld/
educational facilities
/eÙu%keIS@nl f@"sIl@tiz/ open to the public
/%@Up@n t@ D@ "pVblIk/
exhibition /%eksI"bISn/
opera house /"Qp@r@ %haUs/
fan /f&n/
palace /"p&l@s/
food counter
/fu;d %kaUnt@(r)/ parade /p@"reId/
former /"fO;m@(r)/ price tag /"praIs %t&g/
generation /Ùen@"reISn/ property /"prQp@ti/

gift /gIft/ queue up /kju; Vp/
go with sth /"g@U %wID .../ reside /rI"zaId/
gorgeous /"gO;Ù@s/ retail /"ri;teIl/

send a text message Additional vocabulary
/%send @ "tekst %mesIÙ/
ship /SIp/
shop window
/%SQp "wInd@U/
since then /%sIns "Den/
skyline /"skaIlaIn/
skyscraper /"skaIskreIp@(r)/
special occasion
/%speSl @"keIZn/
spectacular /spek"t&kj@l@(r)/
spend a fortune on
/%spend @ "fO;Íu;n %Qn/
stadium /"steIdi@m/
step /step/
storey /"stO;ri/
structure /"strVkÍ@(r)/
temple /"templ/
terrace /"ter@s/
thank-you letter
/"T&Nk %ju; %let@(r)/
the colour goes with …
/D@ "kVl@ %g@Uz %wID .../
tile /taIl/
top floor /%tQp "flO;(r)/
tourist attraction
/"tU@rIst @%tr&kSn/
tower /"taU@(r)/
try on /%traI "Qn/
variety of /v@"raI@ti @v/
visitor /"vIzIt@(r)/
walk (through)
/%wO;k ("Tru;)/
warn /wO;n/
window shopping
/"wInd@U"SQpIN/
woodland /"wUdl&nd/

access /"&kses/ eventually /I"ventSu@li/
addicted (to) everyday /"evrideI/
/@"dIktId (%tu;, t@)/ everyday life /%evrideI "laIf/
adding machine extreme /Ik"stri;m/
/"&dIN m@!Si;n/
fast forward /%fA;st "fO;w@d/
business /"bIzn@s/
fault /fO;lt/
calculator /"k&lkj@leIt@(r)/
ferocious /f@"r@US@s/
camcorder /"k&mkO;d@(r)/
future /"fiu;tS@(r)/
casualty /"k&Zu@lti/
futuristic /%fju;tS@"rIstIc/
CCTV camera
/%si; %si; %ti; "vi; %k&m@r@/ gadget /"g&ÙIt/
CD player games console

/%si; "di; %pleI@(r)/ /"geImz %kQns@Ul/
chain /tSeIn/ get annoyed /%get @"nOId/
charge /tSA;dZ/ going (to) /"g@UIN (t@)/
cine camera /"sIni %k&m@r@/ gramaphone /"gr&m@f@Un/
close down /%kl@Uz "daUn/ greengrocer /"gri;ngr@Us@(r)/
connect /k@"nekt/ hard disk recorder

/%hA;d "dIsk rI%kO;d@(r)/
consume /k@n"sju;m/
head /hed/
container /k@n"teIn@(r)/
hurry up /%hVri "Vp/
continuous (adj)
/k@n"tInju@s/ in the middle of
/%In D@ "mIdl @v/
crash /kr&S/
infection /In"fekSn/
crystal radio /%krIstl "reIdi@U/
infectious /In"fekS@s/
cure /kjU@(r)/
inject /In"Ùekt/
DAB radio /%di eI "bi; "reIdi@U/
instructions /In"strVkSnz/
delete /dI"li;t/
invisible /In"vIz@bl/
destroy /dI"strOI/
just a minute
device /dI"vaIs/ /%ÙVst @ "mInIt/
diagnose /"daI@gn@Uz/ make the world a better/
diagnosis /daI@g"n@Usis/ worse place
digital camera /%meIk D@ %w3;ld @ %bet@,
/%dIÙItl "k&m@r@/ %w3;s "pleIs/
disease /dI"zi;z/ manufacturer
/m&nju"f&kÍ@r@(r)/
electronic /Ilek%trQnIk/
marble /"mA;bl/
engine /"endZIn/
material /m@"tI@ri@l/
entire /In"taI@(r)/
measure /"meZ@(r)/
environment
/In"vaIr@nm@nt/ medicinal /"m@"dIsInl/
environmental medicine /"medsn/

/In%vaIr@n"mentl/ mobile phone company
epidemic /epI"demIk/ /%m@UbaIl "f@Un %kVmp@ni/

modem /"m@Udem/ signature /"sIgn@Í@(r)/
muscle /"mVsl/ size /saIz/
muscular /"mVskj@l@/ skeleton /"skelItn/
mysterious /mI"stI@ri@s/ stay in touch (with)
nanotechnology /%steI In "tVÍ (%wID)/
/n&n@Utek"nQl@Ùi/ submarine /sVbm@"ri;n/
nightmare /"naItme@(r)/ success /s@k"ses/
nuclear weapon successful /s@k"sesfl/
/%nju;kli@ "wep@n/ supermarket chain
organ /"O;g@n/ /"su;p@mA;kIt %ÍeIn/
outpatient /"aUtpeISnt/ switch (on) /%swIÍ ("Qn)/
patient /"peISnt/ tablet /"t&bl@t/
pause /pO;z/ technological /%tekn@"lQÙIkl/
period of time technology /tek"nQledZi/
/%pI@ri@d @v "taIm/ telegraph /"telIgrA;f/
plug (sth) in /%plVg"In/ telephone / telI"f@Un/
PolaroidTM camera tell a lie /%tel @ "laI/
/p@Ul@rOId "k&m@r@/
text messaging
predict /prI"dIkt/ /"tekst %mesIÙIN/
prediction /prI"dIkSn/ travel around the world
prescribe /prI"skraIb/ /%tr&vl @%raUnd D@ "w3;ld/
properly /"prQp@li/ turn (off) /%t3;n ("Qf)/
reality /ri"&l@ti/ typewriter /"taIpraIt@(r)/
reboot /%ri;"bu;t/ vehicle /"vi;@kl/
receipt /rI"si;t/ video game
receive treatment (for) /"vIdi@U %geIm/
/rI%si;v "tri;tm@nt f@(r)/ virus /"vaIr@s/
record /rI"kO;d/ webcam /"webk&m/
repair /rI"pe@(r)/ word processor
replace /rI"pleIs/ /"w3;d %pr@Uses@(r)/
report /rI"pO;t/ under water
/Vnd@ "wO;t@(r)/
reproduce /ri;pr@"dju;s/
unplug /%Vn"plVg/
rewind /%ri"waInd/
ringtone /"rINt@Un/
robot /"r@UbQt/ Additional vocabulary
satellite navigation system
/%s&t@laIt n&vI"geISn %sIst@m/
science /"saI@ns/
science fiction /%saI@ns "fIkSn/
scientific /%saI@n"tIfIk/
shrink /SrINk/
sign (of) /"saIn (@v)/

accept (an invitation) fall /fO;l/
/@k%sept (@n InvI"teISn)/ festival /"festIvl/
allow /@"laU/ flock (of birds) /flQk/
an important part of fold your arms
/@n Im"pO;tnt %pA;t @v/ /%f@Uld (... "A;mz)/
authorities /O;"TQr@tiz/ frown /fraUn/
authorize /"O;T@raIz/ gesticulate /"ÙestIkjuleIt/
bad luck /%b&d "lVk/ gesture /"ÙesÍ@(r)/
ban /b&n/ give a reason (for)
be able to make it /%gIv @ "ri;zn f@(r)/
/%bi; %eIbl t@ "meIk %It/ good luck /%gUd "lVk/
be at risk /%bi; @t "rIsk/ graduation do
beckon /"bek@n/ /gr&Ùu"eISn %du;/
bow /baU/ greet sb /"gri;t .../
boycott /"bOIkQt/ greeting /"gri;tIN/
broken /"br@Uk@n/ herd (of cows) /h3;d/
bucket /"bVkIt/ hold (hands)
casualties /"k&Zu@ltiz/ /%h@Uld ("h&ndz)/
celebration /selI"breISn/ horn /hO;n/
censor /"sens@(r)/ hug /hVg/
chase /ÍeIs/ index finger

/"Indeks %fINg@(r)/
chopstick /"ÍQpstIk/
indoors /In"dO;z/
compliment /"kQmplIm@nt/
it might be a good idea to …
concerned about /%It "maIt %bi; @ %gUd
/k@n"s3;nd @baUt/ aI%dI@ t@ .../
concussion /k@n"kVSn/ it’s better to …
consist (of) /k@n"sIst (@v)/ /%Its "bet@ t@ .../
cross your legs it’s rude to …
/%krQs (... "legz)/ /%Its "ru;d t@ .../
crowd about sb/sth it’s too bad /%Its "tu; %b&d/
/%kraUd @"raUnd/ leap /li;p/
culture /"kVlÍ@(r)/ limb /lIm/
custom /"kVst@m/ lose consciousness
decline (an invitation) /%lu;z "kQnS@sn@s/
/dI%klaIn (@n InvI"teISn)/ lucky /"lVki/
douse /daUs/ mirror /mIr@(r)/
elderly /"eld@li/ nod /nQd/
embarrassing /Im"b&r@sIN/ obey /@"beI/
embrace /Im"breIs/ offensive /@"fensIv/
escape (from sth) on safari /%Qn s@"fA;ri/
/I"skeIp frQm/
pack (of wolves) /p&k/
exactly /Ig"z&ktli/
participant /pA;"tIsIp@nt/
exile /"eksaIl, "eg-/

participate (in) troop (of monkeys) /tru;p/
/pA;"tIsIpeIt (%In)/ unlucky /Vn"lVki/
pat sb (on the head) unpleasant /Vn"pleznt/
/%p&t ... (%Qn D@ "hed)/
violence /"vaI@l@ns/
point at sb/sth
violent /"vaI@l@nt/
/"pOInt (@t)/
wave goodbye
politely /p@"laItli/
/%weIv gUd"baI/
pour /%pO;/
wear a uniform
pride (of lions) /praId/ /%we@r @ "ju;nIfO;m/
prohibit /pr@"hIbIt/
protest /"pr@Utest/ Additional vocabulary
proverb /"prQv3;b/
raise your hat
/%reIz jO; "h&t/
reduce /rI"dju;s/
relieve /rI"li;v/
respect /rI"spekt/
rise /raIz/
road accident
/"r@Ud %&ksId@nt/
run after sb/sth
/%rVn "A;ft@ .../
safety rules /"seIfti ru;lz/
school (of sardines)
/sku;l (@v sA;"di;ns)/
serious injury
/%sI@ri@s "InÙ@ri/
shake hands
/%SeIk ("h&ndz)/
shake your head
/%SeIk jO; "hed/
sign up /%saIn "Vp/
soar /sO;(r)/
sole /s@Ul/
steep /sti;p/
superstition /su;p@"stISn/
superstitious /su;p@"stIS@s/
take part in sth
/%teIk "pA;t %In .../
throw /%Tr@U/
tie /taI/
tradition /tr@"dISn/

accidentally /&ksI"dent@li/ electricity /Ilek"trIs@ti/
action /"&kSn/ endangered species
active volcano /In%deInÙ@d "spi;Si;z/
/%&ktIv vQl"keIn@U/ energy /"en@Ùi/
alarmed /@"lA;md/ entire /In"taI@(r)/
as I see it … /@z "aI %si; %It/ environment
at the weekends /In"vaIr@nm@nt/
/@t D@ wi;k"endz/ erupt /I"rVpt/
atmosphere /"&tm@sfI@(r)/ eruption /I"rVpSn/
authority /O;"TQr@ti/ evacuate /I"v&kjueIt/
avalanche /"&v@lA;nS/ explode /Ik"spl@Ud/
branch /brA;ntS/ express (an) opinion
burn /b3;n/ /Ik%spres (@n) @"pInj@n/
care (about) face /feIs/
/"ke@r (@%baUt)/ famine /"f&mIn/
catastrophe /k@"t&str@fi/ fear (that) /"fI@ (D@t)/
catastrophic /k&t@"strQfIk/ flatten /"fl&tn/
century /sentS@ri/ flood /flVd/
child labour fortnight /fO;tnaIt/
/%ÍaIld "leIb@(r)/ found /faUnd/
chunk /ÍVNk/ furthermore /f3;D@"mO;(r)/
coal /k@Ul/ gas /g&s/
coastline /"k@UstlaIn/ global issue /%gl@Ubl "ISu;/
collapse /k@"l&ps/ global warming
compulsory /k@m"pVls@ri/ /%gl@Ubl "wO;mIN/
confusion /k@n"fju;Zn/ greenhouse gas
creation /kri"eISn/ /"gri;nhaUs %g&s/
damage /"d&mIÙ/ havoc /"h&v@k/
decade /"dekeId/ hedge /hedZ/
decompose /di;k@m"p@Uz/ homelessness

/"h@Uml@sn@s/
destruction /dI"strVkSn/
hurricane /"hVrIk@n/
devastate /"dev@steIt/
I believe that …
devastation /dev@"steISn/ /%aI bI"li;v D@t .../
developing world I think that …
/dI%vel@pIN "w3;ld/ /%aI "TINk D@t .../
disaster /dI"zA;st@(r)/ illegal /I"li;gl/
disease /dI"zi;z/ I’m convinced that …
dribble /"drIbl/ /%aIm k@n"vInst D@t ...
drip /drIp/ improve /Im"pru;v/
drought /draUt/ In my view …
earthquake /"3;TkweIk/ /%In "maI %vju; .../
information /Inf@"meISn/

inland /"Inl&nd/ rule (the world)
invest (in) /In"vest/ /%ru;l (D@ "w3;ld)/
irrigate /"IrIgeIt/ smaller /"smO;l@(r)/
irrigation /IrI"geISn/ smash /sm&S/
landslide /"l&ndslaId/ soak /s@Uk/
leap year /"li;p jIa(r)/ solar power /%s@Ul@ "paU@(r)/
leave sth standing spill /spIl/

/%li;v ... "st&ndIN/ splash /spl&S/
look (towards) squirt /skw3;t/
/"lUk (t@%wO;dz)/ steep /sti;p/
make sure (that) terrorism /"ter@rIz@m/
/"meIk %SU@ (D@t)/
the arms trade
millenium /mI"leni@m/ /Di "A;mz %treId/
moor /mO;(r)/ the rest (of) /D@ "rest @v/
oil /OIl/ thunderstorm /"TVnd@stO;m/
optional /"QpS@nl/ tidal wave /"taIdl %weIv/
organic /O;"g&nIk/ tornado /tO;"neId@U/
ozone layer tsunami /tsu;"nA;mi/
/"@Uz@Un %leI@(r)/
ultra-violet light
pesticide /"pestIsaId/ /%Vltr@ %vaI@l@t "laIt/
petrol /"petr@l/ unleash /Vn"li;S/
petrol-driven unusual /Vn"ju;Zu@l/
/"petr@l %drIvn/
vaccinate /"v&ksIneIt/
pick up /%pIk "Vp/
volcano /vQl"keIn@U/
piracy /"paIr@si/
warning /"wO;nIN/
plunge /plVnÙ/
water /"wO;t@(r)/
pollute /p@"lu;t/
water power
pollution /p@"lu;Sn/ /"wO;t@ %paU@(r)/
poverty /"pQv@ti/ wave power
prediction /prI"dIkSn/ /"weIv %paU@(r)/
prevent /prI"vent/ wind power
produce /pr@"dju;s/ /"wInd %paU@(r)/
protection /pr@"tekSn/
public transport Additional vocabulary
/%pVblIk "tr&nspO;t/
quarter /"kwO;t@(r)/
racism /"reIsIz@m/
record /rI"kO;d/
recycle /ri;"saIkl/
reduce /rI"dju;s/
renewable /rI"nju;@bl/
rubbish /"rVbIS/

a second chance delete /dI"li;t/
/@ %sek@nd "ÍA;ns/ delighted /dI"laItId/
admit /@d"mIt/ detective /dI"tektIv/
admit guilt (to) earlier /"3;li@(r)/
/@d%mIt "gIlt (t@)/
enormous /I"nO;m@s/
admit one’s guilt
/@d%mIt ... "gIlt/ eventually /I"venÍu@li/
after a while first-class /"f3;st %klA;s/

/%A;ft@r @ "waIl/ file /faIl/
arrest /@"rest/ find sb guilty (of)
as soon as /@z "su;n @z/ /%faInd ... "gIlti (@v)/
astonished /@"stQnISt/ fraud /frO;d/
at first /@t "f3;st/ fraudster /"frO;dst@(r)/
attach /@"t&Í/ go joyriding /%g@U "ÙOIraIdIN/
author /"O;T@(r)/ go off /%g@U "Qf/
backup /"b&kVp/ guilty /"gIlti/
bank robber /"b&Nk %rQb@(r)/ halt /hO;lt/
brilliant /"brIliant/ identical /aI"dentIkl/
burglar /b3;gl@(r)/ in the end /%In DI "end/
burglary /"b3;gl@ri/ infect /In"fekt/
burgle /"b3;gl/ information technology

/Inf@%meISn tek"nQl@Ùi/
bus shelter /"bVs %Selt@(r)/
install /In"stO;l/
by the time …
/%baI D@ "taIm .../ investigation
/InvestI"geISn/
careless /"ke@l@s/
joyrider /"ÙOIraId@(r)/
chaos /"keIQs/
joyriding /"ÙOIraIdIN/
charge /ÍA;Ù/
murder /"m3;d@(r)/
cheat /tSi;t/
murderer /"m3;d@r@(r)/
click /klIk/
need (to do sth)
clue /klu;/ /%ni;d (t@ "du; ...)/
commit a crime postal service /"p@Ustl %s3;vIs/
/k@%mIt @ "kraIm/
prison sentence
computer program /"prIzn %sent@ns/
/k@m"pju;t@ %pr@Ugr&m/
protect /pr@"tekt/
court /kO;t/
punishment /"pVnISm@nt/
crash /kr&S/
question sb about
create havoc /kri%eIt "h&v@k/ /"kwesÍ@n ... @%baUt/
create problems (for) radio programme
/kri%eIt "prQbl@mz (f@)/ /"reIdi@U %pr@Ugr&m/
crime scene /"kraIm %si;n/ realize /"ri;@laIz/
criminal /"krImInl/ regularly /"regj@l@li/
criminal damage release /rI"li;s/
/%krImInl "d&mIÙ/

reward /rI"wO;d/ Additional vocabulary
rob someone/a bank/shop
/"rQb %..., @ %b&Nk, %SQp/
robber /"rQb@(r)/
robbery /"rQb@ri/
second-hand /"sek@nd %h&nd/
send sb to prison
/%send ... t@ "prIzn/
shoplifter /"SQplIft@(r)/
shoplifting /"SQplIftIN/
smash /sm&S/
software /"sQftwe@(r)/
spread /spred/
steal (from) /sti;l (fr@m)/
suspended sentence
/s@%spendId "sent@ns/
take sth out (of)
/%teIk %... "aUt (@v)/
terrible /"ter@bl/
terrific /te"rIfIk/
terrified /"terIfaId/
the following (day)
/D@ %fQl@UIN "deI/
the next (day)
/D@ %nekst "deI/
theft /Teft/
thief /Ti;f/
tiny /"taIni/
tip-off /"tIp %Qf/
trace /treIs/
trial /"traI@l/
unknown /Vn"n@Un/
update /Vp"deIt/
vandal /"v&ndl/
vandalism /"v&nd@lIz@m/
vandalize /"v&nd@laIz/
vital /"vaItl/
while /waIl/
within /wI"DIn/
witness /"wItn@s/

1
abandon /@"b&nd@n/ creator /kri"eIt@(r)/
account /@"kaUnt/ depart /dI"pA;t/
achievement /@"Íi;vm@nt/ departures board
additional /@"dIS@nl/ /dI"pA;Í@z %bO;d/
algebra /"&lÙIbr@/ derrick /derIk/
alternative source (of) destination /destI"neISn/

/O;l"t3;n@tIv %sO;s @v/ detective /dI"tektIv/
ambassador /&m"b&s@d@(r)/ develop /dI"vel@p/
antibiotic /%&ntibaI"QtIk/ development
appreciate /@"pri;SieIt/ /dI"vel@pm@nt/
available /@"veIl@bl/ diesel oil /"di;zl %OIl/
aye (exclamation) /aI/ diplomat /"dIpl@m&t/
be impressed by discovery /dI"skVv@ri/

/%bi; Im"prest %baI/ dishwasher /"dISwQS@(r)/
be located in drill /drIl/
/%bi; l@U"keItId In/ drop sb off /%drQp ... "Qf/
become an expert (in) electricity /I%lek"trIs@ti/
/bI%kVm @n "eksp3;t (%In)/
emergency /I"m3;Ù@nsi/
blast off /%blA;st "Qf/
erect /I"rekt/
cabin /"k&bIn/
explorer /Ik"splO;r@(r)/
cafeteria /k&f@"tI@ri@/
founder /"faUnd@(r)/
caravan /"k&r@v&n/
freezer /"fri;z@(r)/
cargo /"kA;g@U/
fridge /frIdZ/
carriage /"k&rIÙ/
frozen food /%fr@Uzn "fu;d/
cause /"kO;z/
gaol /ÙeIl/
character /"k&r@kt@(r)/
gasoline /"g&s@li;n/
check in /%Íek "In/
geometry /Ùi"Qm@tri/
check out /%Íek "aUt/
get back /%get "b&k/
civil servant /%sIvl "s3;v@nt/
get off /%get "Qf/
clearly /"klI@li/
get on /%get "Qn/
coast /k@Ust/
goods /gUdz/
combine (with)
/k@m"baIn (%wID)/ gravity /"gr&v@ti/
combustion engine greatest /"greItIst/

/k@m"bVstS@n endZIn/ guard /gA;d/
conclusion /k@n"klu;Zn/ guide sb/sth in/into
contact lens /"kQnt&kt lenz/ /"gaId ... %In, %Int@/
contemporaries harbour /"hA;b@(r)/

/kQn"tempr@riz/ hardship /"hA;dSIp/
contribution hovercraft /"hQv@kr&ft/
/kQntrI"bju;Sn/ imprison /Im"prIzn/
convenient /k@n"vi;ni@nt/ influential /Influ"enSl/
create /kri"eIt/

information desk reason /"ri;zn/
/Inf@"meISn %desk/ refine /rI"faIn/
inspired /In"spaI@d/ renewable energy
invention /In"venSn/ /rI%nju;@bl "en@Ùi/
inventor /In"vent@(r)/ retire /rI"taIa(r)/
kerosene /"ker@si;n/ route /ru;t/
kidnap /"kIdn&p/ scholar /"skQl@(r)/
lad /l&d/ separate /"sep@reIt/
locate /l@U"keIt/ set off /%set "Qf/
locomotive /l@Uk@"m@UtIv/ shipwreck /"SIprek/
mathematician /m&T@m@"tISn/ shortly after
merchant /"m3;Í@nt/ /"SO;tli %A;ft@(r)/
microwave oven significant /sIg"nIfIk@nt/
/"maIkr@UweIv %Vvn/ sleeping car
mobile phone /"sli;pIN %kA;(r)/
modern /"mQdn/ solar system /"s@Ul@ %sIst@m/
motivate /"m@UtIveIt/ source /sO;s/

MP3 player space shuttle /"speIs %SVtl/
/em pi; "Tri; pleI@(r)/ spice /spaIs/
navigate /"n&vIgeIt/ story /"stO;ri/
novel /"nQvl/ survive /s@"vaIv/
nuclear power telegram /"telIgr&m/
/%nju;kli@ "paU@(r)/ telescope /"telIsk@Up/
object (to) /@b"Ùekt (t@)/ theology /Ti"Ql@dZi/
oil refinery /"OIl rI%faIn@ri/ throughout /Tru;"aUt/
opinion /@"pInj@n/ ticket inspector
overland /%@Uv@"l&nd/ /"tIkIt In%spekt@(r)/
passenger /"p&sInÙ@(r)/ ticket office /"tIkIt %QfIs/
pasteurized /pA;stS@raIzd/ touch down /%tVÍ "daUn/
penicillin /penI"sIlIn/ underground
pick sb up /%pIk ... "Vp/ /Vnd@"graUnd/
pilgrimage /"pIlgrImIÙ/ vaccination /v&ksI"neISn/
pilot /"paIl@t/ waiting area

/"weItIN %e@ri@/
pipeline /"paIplaIn/
walk (on) /"wO;k (%Qn)/
plastics /"pl&stIks/
waterwheel /"wO;t@wi;l/
platform /"pl&tfO;m/
wealthy /"welTi/
power /"paU@(r)/
without a doubt
printing press
/wI%DaUt @ "daUt/
/"prIntIN %pres/
write (an account of)
pump /pVmp/
/"raIt (@n @%kaUnt @v)/
reach (a destination)
X-ray /"eks %reI/
/%ri;Í (@ destI"neISn)/

irregular verbs
Base form Past simple Past participle Base form Past simple Past participle
be was/were been make made made

become became become mean meant meant
begin began begun meet met met
bend bent bent
bite bit bitten overcome overcame overcome
blow blew blown
break broke broken pay paid paid
bring brought brought put put put
build built built
burn burnt burnt read read read
buy bought bought ride rode ridden
ring rang rung
can could been able to rise rose risen
catch caught caught run ran run
choose chose chosen
come came come say said said
cost cost cost see saw seen
cut cut cut sell sold sold
send sent sent
do did done set set set
draw drew drawn shake shook shaken
drink drank drunk shine shone shone
drive drove driven shoot shot shot
show showed shown/-ed
eat ate eaten shut shut shut
sing sang sung
fall fell fallen sink sank sunk
feel felt felt sit sat sat
fight fought fought sleep slept slept
find found found smell smelt/-ed smelt/-ed
fly flew flown speak spoke spoken
forget forgot forgotten spell spelt/-ed spelt/-ed
spend spent spent
get got got spill spilt/-ed spilt/-ed
give gave given spread spread spread
go went gone stand stood stood
grow grew grown steal stole stolen
swim swam swum
hang hung hung
have had had take took taken
hear heard heard teach taught taught
hide hid hidden tear tore torn
hit hit hit tell told told
hold held held think thought thought
throw threw thrown
keep kept kept
know knew known understand understood understood

lay laid laid wake woke woken
lead led led wear wore worn
learn learnt/-ed learnt/-ed win won won
leave left left write wrote written
lend lent lent
lose lost lost
112 Irregular verbs

2
Aim High
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Workbook 2
ACTIVATE your students’ knowledge of change colour as required
English through rich and motivating
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2
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2

transparent logo for use on back covers

EXTEND your students’ vocabulary and

ACHIEVE exam success with extensive

PC and Mac compatible

Minimum specification: PC: Pentium® III,

4453059 Aim High WB2 cover.indd 1 1/6/10 15:25:20

4453059 AimHigh WB2.indb 2 28/5/10 1:48:58 pm

pages 10–11 • self check 1

pages 18–19 • self check 2

lot of, a little, a few zero articles

4 Heroes page 28 Cameron Weir An award for

pages 34–35 • self check 4

5 Gifts page 36 The Library of

pages 42–43 • self check 5

6 Technology page 44 Robot

pages 50–51 • self check 6

8 What if … ? page 60 A big hit? Wave power Second

pages 66–67 • self check 8

pages 74–75 • self check 9

10 Discovery page 76 Christopher

pages 82–83 • self check 10

4453059 AimHigh WB2.indb 3 28/5/10 1:48:59 pm

4 Unit 1 • The real you

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6 We call the rules about the clothes people should wear a

12 Believing in a may give us the wrong

Unit 1 • The real you 5

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6 Unit 1 • The real you

4453059 AimHigh WB2.indb 6 28/5/10 1:49:6 pm

3 Match the adjectives with a synonym from the box. impatient

Unit 1 • The real you 7

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8 Unit 1 • The real you

4453059 AimHigh WB2.indb 8 28/5/10 1:49:10 pm

I’m not very keen on computer games.

4 Put the words in the correct order to make sentences.

Unit 1 • The real you 9

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10 Unit 1 • The real you

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1 Answer the vocabulary quiz questions. 2 Choose the correct words.

3 There’s a dress . You can’t wear jeans.

4 Look at the on your T-shirt and find out

5 You the staff in a shop to be well-mannered.

6 Don’t be ! Share your sweets with your little

7 ‘Which one’s the physician?’ ‘He’s the one in the white

15 What does a chef wear to keep clean? An .

16 My sister is very . She often tells jokes.

17 What’s the opposite of considerate?

18 You should wear a when you do exercise,

19 She must be a judge. She’s wearing a wig and

Your score /10

Unit 1 • The real you 11

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4 4 Put the events of the story in the correct order.

Friendly dolphins save swimmers

12 Unit 2 • Winning and losing

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Unit 2 • Winning and losing 13

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14 Unit 2 • Winning and losing

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