Milesh kothari’s chemistry Tutorials

7C Nitric acid

Choose the most appropriate answer from the following options:

1. The nitrate which evolves laughing gas on decomposition: 1
(a) Ferric nitrate
(b) Calcium nitrate
(c) Sodium nitrate
(d) Ammonium nitrate
2. Nitrogen gas can be obtained by heating: 1
(a) Ammonium nitrate
(b) Ammonium nitrite
(c) Magnesium nitride
(d) Ammonium chloride
3. The chemical used in the brown ring test is: 1
(a) CuSO₄, (b) FeSO₄, (c ) Fe₂(SO₄)₃, (d) ZnSO₄.
4. Lead nitrate decomposes on heating to give: 1
(a) NO, (b) N₂O, (c) NO₂, (d) N₂O₅.
5. Rotten egg smell is due to the liberation of: 1
(a) HCl gas
(b) Cl₂ gas
(c) H₂S gas
(d) SO₂ gas
6. The brown ring test is used for the detection of 1
(a) CO₃²⁻ (b) NO₃¹⁻ (c) SO₃²⁻ (d) Cl¹⁻
7. The compound which is responsible for the brown ring in the brown ring test for identifying the nitrate 1
ion.
(a) Nitroso iron (II) sulphate (b) Iron (III) chloride
(c) Chromium sulphate (d) Lead (II) chloride
Answers
1. (d) Ammonium nitrate 1
2. (b) Ammonium nitrite 1
3. (b) FeSO₄ 1
4. (c) NO₂ 1
5. (c) H₂Sgas 1
6. (b) NO₃¹⁻ 1
7. (a) Nitroso iron (II) sulphate 1

Fill in the blanks: (ANY SEVEN)

8. The reaction of _________ with dil. nitric acid is an example of neutralisation reaction. 1
9. Sodium nitrate reacts with _______ sulphuric acid to produce nitric acid. Write equation for the same. 1
10. A nitrate which leaves a black residue on heating is __________ 1
11. Lead nitrate is a/an __________ salt of nitric acid. 1
12. The oxidised product obtained on reaction with H₂S gas and dil. HNO₃ is __________ 1
13. Nitric acid is also called as _________ 1
14. The mineral acid obtained from cone, nitric acid on reaction with a non-metal is __________ 1
15. The nitrate which on heating melts and liberates only one neutral gas is __________ 1
16. Cold dil. Nitric acid reacts with copper to form __________. 1

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 Answers
8. CaO 1
9. Concentrated. 1
NaNO₃+ H₂SO₄ (conc.) → NaHSO₄ + HNO₃.
10. Cu(NO₃)₂ 1
11. Normal 1
12. S 1
13. Aqua fortis 1
14. H₂SO₄ 1
15. NaNO₃ 1
16. nitric oxide 1

Name the following:

17. The first step in the manufacture of HNO₃ is the catalytic oxidation of NH₃ . Name the catalyst used. 1
18. A nitrate which on heating gives oxygen as the only gaseous product. 1
19. A solution which gives nitrogen dioxide with copper. 1
20. A catalyst used in the manufacture of nitric acid by Ostwald's process. 1
(acetylene gas, aqua fortis, coke, brass, barium chloride, bronze, platinum)
21. The gas produced when copper reacts with concentrated nitric acid. 1
22. The gas produced by the action of dilute nitric acid on copper. 1
23. In the laboratory preparation of nitric acid, name the reactants A (a liquid) and B (a solid) used. 1
24. A gas which is an oxidizing as well as a reducing agent. 1
Answers
17. Platinum. 1
18. Sodium nitrate (NaNO₃) 1
19. Nitric acid. 1
20. Platinum. 1
21. Nitrogen dioxide. 1
22. Nitrogen dioxide. 1
23. Liquid 'A' - Concentrated H₂SO₄ 1
Solid 'B' - Chile salt petre
24. Ammonium nitrate (NH₄NO₃) 1

Give one word/chemical term for the following:

25. The gas produced when copper reacts with cone. HNO₃. 1
26. A solution which gives nitrogen dioxide with copper. 1
27. A concentrated acid which oxides sulphur directly to H₂SO₄. 1
28. The compound that makes laboratory acid yellow. 1
29. A compound formed when nitric acid and hydrochloric acid reacts together. 1
30. The gas produced by the action of dil. HNO₃ on copper. 1
31. Organic liquid that bursts into flames when sprayed into highly cone, nitric acid. 1
32. Gas obtained by treating copper with dilute nitric acid. 1
33. Products obtained by heating concentrated nitric acid. 1
34. Salt used in the laboratory to prepare nitric acid. 1
35. Insoluble component present in super phosphate of lime. 1
36. A nitrate which leaves behind no residue on heating. 1
37. The property of nitric acid which allows it to react with copper. 1
Answer
25. NO₂ 1
26. Conc. HNO₃ 1
27. Conc. HNO₃ 1
28. Nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) 1

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 29. Nitrosyl Chloride 1
30. Nitric oxide 1
31. Turpentine 1
32. Nitric oxide 1
33. Water, nitrogen dioxide and oxygen 1
34. Sodium or potassium nitrate 1
35. Calcium sulphate 1
36. Ammonium nitrate 1
37. Oxidising agent 1

Answer the following in one/two sentences:

38. Dilute nitric acid is generally considered a typical acid except for its reaction with metals. In what 1
way is dilute nitric acid different from other acids when it reacts with metals?
39. Write the equation for the reaction of dilute nitric acid with copper. 1
40. X, Y and Z are three crystalline solids that are soluble in water and have a common anion. 1
To help you to identify X, Y and Z, you are provided with the following experimental observation.
Copy and complete the corresponding inference. A reddish-brown gas is obtained when X, Y and Z
are separately warmed with concentrated sulphuric acid and copper turnings added to the mixture. The
common anion is _______.
41. State what is observed when nitric acid is kept in a reagent bottle for a long time. 1
42. State one observation for the following: zinc nitrate crystals are strongly heated. 1
43. Dilute nitric acid and copper. 1
44. What is the property of nitric acid which allows it to react with copper. 1
45. Account for the yellow colour that appears in concentrated nitric acid when it is left standing in an 1
ordinary glass bottle.
46. Explain why only all-glass apparatus should be used for the preparation if nitric acid by heating 1
concentrated sulphuric acid and potassium nitrate.
47. Write the equation for the preparation of nitric acid from potassium nitrate. 1
48. Potassium nitrate is produced from KOH and nitric acid. State the type of reaction involved. 1
49. Copper and concentrated nitric acid. 1
50. Write a balanced equation for the reaction of Sulphur and hot concentrated nitric acid. 1
51. What is the property of nitric acid that allows it to react with copper. 1
52. Write a balanced equation for the reaction of nitrogen monoxide and oxygen. 1
53. What compounds are required for the laboratory preparation of nitric acid? 1
54. State why pure nitric acid takes on a yellowish brown colour when exposed to light. 1
55. When nitric acid is prepared by the action of concentrated sulphuric acid on potassium nitrate, what 1
is the special feature of the apparatus used?
56. Account for the yellow colour that appears in concentrated nitric acid when is left standing in an 1
ordinary glass bottle.
57. Identify the following substances: a dilute acid 'B' which does not normally give hydrogen when 1
reacted with metals but does give a gas when it reacts with copper.
58. Dilute nitric acid is generally considered a typical acid except for its reaction with metals. In what 1
way is dilute nitric acid different from other acids when it reacts with metals.
59. State the special feature of the apparatus used in the laboratory preparation of nitric acid. 1
60. State what is observed when nitric acid is kept in a reagent bottle for a long time. 1
61. Describe what you see [observe] when concentrated nitric acid is added to copper. 1
62. Give a balance equation for : oxidation of carbon with conc. HNO₃. 1
63. Identify the following substances : A dilute acid ‘B’ which does not normally give hydrogen when 1
reacted with metals but does give a gas when it reacts with copper.

Answer
38. When dilute nitric acid reacts with metal, it liberates water while other acids liberate 1
hydrogen gas.

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 39. 3Cu + 8HNO₃ → 3Cu(NO₃)₂ + 4H₂O + 2NO. 1
40. Nitrate ion. 1
41. Brown vapours are seen in the bottle and the nitric acid turns yellowish in colour. 1
42. A residue of zinc oxide is obtained, which is yellow when hot and white; when cold and 1
reddish, brown gas of nitrogen dioxide is evolved.
43. 3Cu + 8HNO₃ → 3Cu(NO₃)₂ + 4H₂O + 2NO. 1
44. Oxidizing nature of nitric acid. 1
45. Nitric acid slowly decomposes even at room temperature, specially in the presence of 1
sunlight. 4HNO₃ → 4NO₂ + 2H₂O + O₂. Liberated nitrogen dioxide dissolves in the acid and
gives a yellow colour.
46. Nitric acid is highly corrosive acid and only glass has the capacity to reduce its corrosive 1
action and is unaffected by it.
47. KNO₃ + H₂SO₄ → KHSO₄ + HNO₃ 1
48. ii. Cu + 4HNO₃ → Cu(NO₃)2 + 2H₂O + 2NO₂ 1
Neutralization reaction.
49. Cu + 4HNO₃ (Conc.) → Cu(NO₃)₂ + 2H₂O + 2NO₂. 1
50. S + 6HNO₃ (Hot & Conc.) → H₂SO₄ + 2H₂O + 6NO₂. 1
51. Oxidizing nature. 1
52. NO + O₂ → 2NO₂. 1
53. a. Concentrated sulphuric acid and b. Nitre or Chile salt petre. 1
54. The formation of nitrogen dioxide. 1
55. All-glass apparatus is used. Long neck of glass retort is inserted into the neck of receiver 1
which is being cooled from outside.
56. Concentrated HNO₃ is slightly decomposed into a reddish brown gas which dissolves in 1
nitric acid and imparts the yellowish colour.
57. Diluted HNO₃ acid. 1
58. It acts as an oxidizing agent so hydrogen gas is not liberated. Instead NO gas and water are 1
formed.
59. Glass apparatus has to be used. 1
60. Nitric acid turns brown because it decomposes into a reddish-brown fume of NO₂ gas. 1
61. Pinkish red metal dissolves in nitric acid to give blue coloured solution of copper nitrate 1
and a reddish brown coloured gas of NO₂ evolves which turns freshly prepared acidified
ferrous sulphate solution brown black.
62. Action of heat on a mixture of copper and nitric acid. 1
Cu + 4HNO₃ → Cu(NO₃)₂ + 2H₂O + 2NO₂.
63. 1

Attempt the following questions:

64. How will you distinguish between the following pairs of compounds: 2
Nitric oxide gas and nitrous oxide gas.
65. Cone, nitric acid prepared in laboratory is yellow in colour. Why ? How is this colour removed ? 2
66. Give reasons: 2
Iron is rendered passive with fuming nitric acid.
67. How will you distinguish between the following pairs of compounds: 2
Dilute hydrochloric acid and dilute nitric acid.
68. Identify the gas evolved when. 2
(i) Sulphur is treated with cone, nitric acid.
(ii) A few crystals of KNO₃ are heated in a hard glass test tube.
69. Why only all-glass apparatus should be used for the preparation of nitric acid by heating concentrated 2
sulphuric acid and potassium nitrate.

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70. Why is freshly prepared ferrous sulphate solution used for testing the nitrate radical in the brown ring 2
test ?
71. State why the temperature of the reaction mixture of HNO₃ is not allowed to rise above 200°C. 2
72. Give balanced equations for the following 2
(i) Laboratory preparation of nitric acid.
(ii) Action of heat on a mixture of copper and nitric acid.
73. During thunderstorm, rain water contains nitric acid. Explain with reactions. 2
74. What is passive Iron ? 2
How is passivity removed ?
75. State the conc. Acid which will oxidize Sulphur directly to H₂SO₄. Write the equation for the same. 2
76. Nitric acid cannot be concentrated beyond 68% by the distillation of a dilute solution of HNO₃ State 2
the reason.
77. Give reasons for the following : In the laboratory preparation of nitric acid, the mixture of concentrated 2
sulphuric acid and sodium nitrate should not be heated very strongly above 200°C.
78. How will you distinguish between the following pairs of compounds: 2
dilute sulphuric acid and Dilute hydrochloric acid.
79. What is : (a) aqua fortis, (b) aqua regia (c) Fixation of Nitrogen ? 2
80. Write a balanced chemical equation for the laboratory preparation of nitric acid. 2
81. A blue crystalline solid 'X' on heating gave a reddish brown gas 'Y', a gas which relits a glowing splint 2
and a residue which is black. Identify X and Y, and write the equation for the action of heat on X.
82. Give a balanced equation for : oxidation of carbon with conc. HNO₃. 2
83. Explain with the help of a balanced equation, the brown ring test for nitric acid. 2
84. How will you distinguish between the following pairs of compounds: 2
Oxygen gas and nitrous oxide gas.
85. In the preparation of nitric acid from KNO₃ concentrated hydrochloric acid is not used in place of 2
concentrated sulphuric acid. Explain why ?
86. Give test for nitric acid ? 2
87. Name the products formed when : 2
(a) carbon and cone, nitric acid is heated.
(b) dilute HNO₃ is added to copper.

Answer
64. If reddish brown fumes are produced in the atmosphere of oxygen then the given sample of 2
gas is nitric oxide and if no brown fumes are produced and the mixture remains colourless,
then the gas is nitrous oxide.
65. Yellow colour is due to dissolution of REDDISH BROWN Coloured NO₂ gas in the acid. 2
The colour is removed by addition of excess of water, NO₂ dissolves and colour disappears.
Or by bubbling dry air Or CO₂ through this acid.
66. Because iron forms insoluble and hard coating of iron(III) oxide that iron is further insoluble 2
to nitric acid solution and reaction comes to halt.
67. Silver nitrate solution when added to dilute hydrochloric acid will give a white ppt. and 2
when added to dilute nitric acid no change will be observed.
68. (i) Nitrogen dioxide gas 2
(ii) Oxygen gas
69. Nitric acid is highly corrosive and therefore destroys rubber and cork of the apparatus. 2
70. Freshly prepared ferrous sulphate solution is used, since ferrous sulphate solution on 2
exposure to air (such as storing ferrous sulphate sol. in reagent bottle) is oxidised to ferric
sulphate sol. The [NO] molecule will not form additive compound with ferric sulphate and
hence, BROWN RING TEST will not succeed.
71. Because on rising the temperature to >200°C, a hard and insoluble crust of Na₂SO₄ is 2
obtained on the glass apparatus and nitric acid decomposes itself into a reddish-brown fume
of NO₂.
72. (i) Laboratory preparation of nitric acid. 2

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 KNO₃ + H₂SO₄ → KHSO₄ + HNO₃
NaNO₃ + H₂SO₄ → NaHSO₄ + HNO₃
(ii) Action of heat on a mixture of copper and nitric acid
Cu + HNO₃ → Cu(NO₃), + 2H₂O + 2NO₂
73. During lightening discharge or thunder storm, the nitrogen present in the atmosphere reacts 2
with the oxygen to form nitric oxide.
The nitrogen dioxide dissolves in atmospheric moisture and in the presence of oxygen of the
air forms nitric acid in the free state which is washed down by the rain.
That is why during thunderstorm, rain water contains nitric acid.
74. Passive Iron— Iron when treated with cone, pure nitric acid become Passive (inert) due to 2
the formation of thin layer of insoluble metallic oxide. Which stops the reaction.
Removal of Passivity— This passivity can be removed by rubbing the surface layer with
sand paper or by treating with strong reducing agents
75. Hot and conc. nitric acid. 2
S + 6HNO₃ (Hot & Conc.) → H₂SO₄ + 2H₂O + 6NO₂.
76. Nitric acid forms a constant boiling mixture with water containing 68% acid. This mixture 2
boils constantly at the constant boiling point without any change in its composition. At this
temperature, the gas and the water vapour escape together. Hence the composition of the
solution remains unchanged. That is why nitric acid cannot be concentrated beyond 68% by
the distillation of dilute solution of HNO₃.
77. Because sodium sulphate formed at higher temperature forms a hard crust which sticks to 2
the walls of the retort and is difficult to remove.
78. Dilute sulphuric acid will give a white precipitate of barium sulphate with barium chloride 2
solution whereas no visible reaction occurs with dilute hydrochloric acid.
79. (a) Aqua Fortis. Nitric acid [HNO₃] was formerly called AQUA FORTIS. It is so called 2
because it dissolves in nearly all the metals.
(b) Aque Regia. "A mixture of 3 parts cone. HCl and one part cone. HNO₃ is called AQUA
REGIA. It give nascent chlorine and can dissolve gold and platinum [noble metals].
(c) FIXATION OF NITROGEN: "The Conversion of free atmospheric NITROGEN into
useful NITROGENOUS compounds in the soil is known as "FIXATION OF
ATMOSPHERIC NITROGEN".
80. Laboratory preparation of Nitric acid. Nitric acid io obtained by distilling cone. H₂SO₄ with 2
nitrates of potassium (KNO₃) (nitre) or Sodium nitrate (chile saltpetre) NaNO₃.
81. (a) X. Blue crystalline solid is Cu[NO₃]₂ Y. reddish brown gas is NO, Z, gas with smell of 2
rotten egg is H₂S
82. C + 4HNO₃ → 2H₂O + 4NO₂ + CO₂ 2

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 2
83.

84. In Oxygen gas Carbon (red hot) burns in oxygen to form carbon dioxide gas only, but in 2
nitrous oxide it forms carbon dioxide gas and nitrogen.
85. In the preparation of nitric acid from KNO₃ concentrated hydrochloric acid is not used in 2
place of concentrated sulphuric acid because hydrochloric acid is volatile and hence nitric
acid vapours will carry hydrochloric acid vapours.
86. 2

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 87.

Attempt the following questions:

88. (Ammonium nitrate, calcium hydrogen carbonate, copper carbonate, lead nitrate, potassium nitrate, 3
sodium carbonate, sodium hydrogen carbonate, zinc carbonate)
(a) A nitrate which gives off only oxygen when heated.
(b) A nitrate which on heating decomposes into dinitrogen oxide [nitrous oxide] and steam.
(c) A nitrate which gives off oxygen and nitrogen dioxide when heated.
89. State two relevant observations for lead nitrate crystals are heated in a hard glass test tube. 3
Answer
88. (a) An alkali-metal nitrate i.e. Sodium nitrate [NaNO₃] 3
(b) Ammonium Nitrate [NH₄NO₃]
(c) Lead nitrate Pb [NO₃]₂ decrepitates when heated.
89. (a) Reddish brown gas is evolved. 3
(b) Colourless, odourless gas evolved which rekindles a glowing splinter.

Attempt the following questions:

90. Write balanced equations and name the products formed when : 4
(a) Sodium hydrogen carbonate is added to nitric acid,
(b) Cupric oxide reacts with nitric acid,
(c) Zinc reacts with dilute nitric acid,
(d) Concentrated nitric acid is heated.
91. Give two chemical equations for each of the following : 4
(a) Reactions of nitric acid with non-metals.
(b) Nitric acid showing as acidic character.
(c) Nitric acid acting as oxidising agent.
92. Mention three important uses of nitric acid. Give the property of nitric acid involved in the use. 4
93. Correct the following, if required 4
(a) HNO₃ is a strong reducing agent.
(b) NaNO₃ gives NO₂ and O₂ on heating.
(c ) Constant boiling nitric acid contains. 80% nitric acid by weight.
(d) Nitric acid remains colourless even when exposed to Sight.

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 Answer
90. 4

91. 4

92. Three uses of Nitric acid are : 4

(i) In the preparation of AQUA REGIA because Aqua regia dissolves noble metals.
(ii) To etch designs on copper and brass ware, because Nitric acid acts as a solvent for a
large number of metals except noble metals.
(iii) It is a constituent of ROCKET FUELS, because it acts as rocket fuel oxidant.
93. (a) HNO₃ is a strong OXIDISING AGENT. 4
(b) NaNO₃ gives NaNO₃ and O₂ on heating.
(c) Constant boiling nitric acid contains 68% nitric acid by weight.
(d) Nitric acid TURNS YELLOW when exposed to Sun light.

Attempt the following questions:

94. How will you prepare the following from nitric acid ? 6
(a) Sodium nitrate
(b) Copper nitrate
(c) Lead nitrate
(d) Magnesium nitrate
(e) Ferric nitrate
(f) Aqua regia

Answer
94. (a) Sodium nitrate can be prepared by the action of dil. HNO3 on sodium bicarbonate or 6
sodium carbonate.
NaHCO₃ + HNO₃ (dil.) → NaNO₃ + CO₂ + H₂O
Sodium bicarbonate Sodium nitrate
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Na₂CO₃ + 2HNO₃ (dil.) → 2NaNO₃ + CO₂ + H₂O
Sodium. Sodium
carbonate nitrate
(b) Copper nitrate can be obtained by the action of cone. HNO₃ on copper
Cu 4HNO (cone.) → Cu (NO₂), + 2K₂O + 2NO₂
Copper nitrate
(c) Lead nitrate can be obtained by the action of hot cone. HNCK on lead.
Pb ;- 4HNO₃ → Pb[NO₃]₂ + 2H₂O - 2NO₂
[Cone] [Lead nitrate]
(d) Magnesium nitrate can be obtained by the action of dil. HNO₃ on Magnesium
Mg₂ UNO; (dil.) → Mg [NO₃]₂ + H₂
[Magnesium Nitrate]
(e) Ferric nitrate can be obtained by the action of very dilute HNO₃ on iron.
Fe + 6HNO₃ → Fe (NO₃)₃ + 3H₂O + 3NO₂
[Ferric nitrate]
(f)Aqua regia. "A mixture of 3 parts cone. HCl and one part cone. HNO₂ is called AQUA
REGIA. It give nascent chlorine and can dissolve gold and platinum [noble metals].

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