distilled out at 78°C.

3.8 EXPLANATION TEXT

Text 2
For : XI MIPA/IPS
Petroleum is a mixture of hydrocarbon molecules. It is separated into fractions by
The followings are the second assignment for unit 3.8 Explanation Text. fractional distillation in an oil refinery. It is heated in a furnace. The oil vaporizes and
(Copy this assingment , answer and complete the blanks) passes up the fractionating column. The fractions come out of the column at different
heights depending on their boiling points. Thus the petroleum gas fraction comes out
Send to: evinovisma17@gmail.com at the top of the column as its molecules have the lowest boiling points. The
Write your name, class, and your e-mail address lubricating oil fraction comes out of the column near the bottom because its molecules
Time allocation : a week. have high boiling points.

Task 1
Read again the previous tasks that have been given to you. Then check your
undestanding by answering the questions below.
1. What is an explanation text?
: Explanation text is a text is used to explain why or how something
happens or works.
2. Explain the social function of an explanation text!
: To explain how or why something happens. In the text, those
reasons are being elaborated further and more in-depth.
3. Mention the phenomena that can be explained in an explanation text.
: They are natural, social, scientific,and cultural phenomena. It is often
in science, geography and history book. For example, Explanation
text about Aurora
Task 2
Read the followings texts.
Text 1
A mixture of miscible liquid can be separated by fractional distillation. This is
done using a fractionating column.
Take this experiment as an example. It is aimed to obtain ethanol from a mixture
of ethanol and water. First, set up the apparatus as shown. Then boil the mixture of
ethanol and water in the flask. You will first collect the liquid, which is ethanol, that is
Question:
Which of the text above is an Explanation text? Explain briefly.
Write your answer here =
Text 2 is an Explanation text.
Because this text explains what is and how to make petroleum, and text 1 is a
procedure text, because it discusses about fractional distillation that is a method for
separating a liquid from a mixture of two or more liquids. Text 2 use “cause and effect
sentence” while the text 1 doesn’t. cause and effect sentence in the text 2 is “The
lubricating oil fraction comes out of the column near the bottom because its
molecules have high boiling points. “. And then, text 2 uses ”Passive voice” such
as “It is separated...” and “It is heated...”. And text 2 use simple present tense. So,
Text 1 is discusses about method and explain step by step of fractional distillation and
Text 2 is discusses about why and how petroleum made.
Task 3
Check your understanding. Choose the correct answer.
Text 1
Optical telescopes allow us to see further; they are able to collect and focus
more light from distant objects than our eyes can alone. This is achieved by
refracting or reflecting the light using lenses or mirrors.
Refractive telescopes contain lenses much like those found in our
own eyes only much larger. Inside the telescope, light first reaches a primary
lens. Primary lenses are convex – rounded – and are able to bend the
captured light and aim it onto a secondary, focusing lens. This second lens is
then responsible for focusing that light to produce a clear image of the object.
Reflective telescopes work in a similar way to refractors but by
reflecting, instead of bending, light using curved mirrors. In both cases, more
light captured in the primary stage means more power to see faraway and a 1. What does the text mostly tell you about?
more efficient focusing stage produces clearer images. A. A general description of a wonderful organ.
B. An explanation of how the brain works.
1. What is the topic of the text? C. An explanation of how the eye works.
A. How a telescope works. D. A general desription of the brain.
B. How to assemble a telescope. E. A general description of the eye.
C. How to refract light using lenses.
D. How to see distant objects clearly. 2. From the text we know that ________________________________.
E. How to capture light onto focusing lens. A. the brain obtains most information from the world through vision
B. the brain does not play role in the vision process
2. What happens if lenses capture little light? C. the eye is a minor organ for humans
A. We will get more detailed descriptions of the distant objects. D. our brain consists of optic nerves
B. We can see distanct objects more clearly. E. we cannot see in dim light.
C. We will only see black shadow.
D. It may damage our eyes. 3. Where can we find cone cells?
E. We hardly see distant objects. A. At the edge of the retina.
B. In electrical impulses.
3. From the text, it can be concluded that __________________. C. In the macula.
A. our eyes have larger lenses D. In the brain.
B. a telescope uses two lenses E. In the rods.
C. lenses are used to capture light
D. light first reaches a secondary lens 4. “.... they help us to see images in our peripheral vision ....” (Paragraph 2)
E. a primary lens is flat and round What does the underlined word refer to?
Text 2 A. Eyes.
The eye is the most important sensory organ of the human body. Four fifths of B. Rods.
all information from the outside world reaches the brain through the eye. But C. Lights.
how does this wonderful organ works? D. Retinas.
Once light reaches the retina, the light-sensing cells ( photoreceptors) E. Electrical impulses.
convert light into electical impulses. Photoreceptor cells are either are ether
rods or cones. Rods are concentrated along the outer perimeter of the retina;
5. The word “convert” in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to ___________.
they help us to see images in our peripheral vision and also to see in dark and
dimly lit environments. Cones are concentrated in the macula, the centre of A. change
the retina, allowing us to see fine visual detail in the centre of our vision; they B. move
also allow us to persive colour. Together, the photoreceptors covert light into C. carry
electrical impulses the are passed through the rest of the retina, through the D. bring
optic nerve to the brain. The visual centres in the brain interpret the E. pass
information received from the retina, enabling us to see.
Note:
NAME : Andre Wahyu Hidayat
CLASS : XI Social 10
E-Mail : andrewahyuh@gmail.com