Basadre, Jessa G.

Contemporary World
BSA- 201 Mr. Nikko Ederio

ACTIVITY 9: SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

9.2 Assessment Activity

1. Thus, reducing poverty and protecting the environment are related aspects of the
same paradox and must be as carefully and accurately integrated in human action as
they are in ecological reality. Development that is not ecologically sustainable is not
development at all, but only an illusion of development. Developing countries have
been advised not to replicate the environmentally unsound policies and practices of
the industrialized world.
The World Bank itself can be used to transfer the knowledge learned from these
mistakes. Unless such advice is accompanied by viable alternatives, however, it
implies that developing countries should stagnate in the interest of overall
environmental protection.
The Bank supports, as a corollary of development, the move toward a higher
generation of energy. Such a move, however, must be accompanied by greater end-
use efficiencies. We lend for conservation programs. We monitor the increased use of
renewable energy. We urge, too, that over the long term, science and industry must
adapt to forms of energy, the use of which does not harm the environment. Until we
develop environmentally safe fuels, however, developing countries will have to
satisfy their energy requirements largely with existing fossil fuels. The choice of fuels
then becomes crucial. Expanded use of natural gas, which because of its efficiency
releases substantially less carbon dioxide than oil or coal into the atmosphere, will
significantly reduce the harmful emissions.

2. "Sustainable development is development that meets the needs of the present,

without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs."
The concept of sustainable development can be interpreted in many different ways,
but at its core is an approach to development that looks to balance different, and often
competing, needs against an awareness of the environmental, social and economic
limitations we face as a society.

3. Recently, Indonesia's inability to douse raging forest fires in Sumatra and Borneo
puts numbers of people at risk, with the haze expected to last longer due to dry spell.
The haze has already engulfed neighboring countries like Malaysia and Singapore and
has even spread to other parts of Southeast Asia including the southern provinces of
the Philippines.
While most cities in Luzon and in Visayas are at lower risk because of their
distance from Indonesia, people who live in Mindanao may have to protect
themselves from the hazardous haze.
Exposure to the toxic haze can take a toll on one’s health, with common
symptoms including dizziness, stress, and irritation and inflammation of the eyes,
nose, and throat. ASEAN Haze Action Online, a website that shares information on
haze situations in the ASEAN region, linked exposure to haze with respiratory tract
infections, cardiac ailments, and premature deaths

4. One of the causes of climate change is Global warming. It is the planet's response
to higher levels of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. They create a blanket that
traps the heat from the sun and sends it back to the planet’s surface. Humans caused
the current crisis by burning fossil fuels that emit greenhouse gases.
In addition, the oceans absorbed most of the added CO2 from the atmosphere. In
response, they’ve become 30% more acidic since the beginning of the Industrial
Revolution. This is causing a mass extinction of sea life. For example, around half of
the world’s coral reefs have died in the last 30 years.
The industries most at risk are agriculture, fisheries, and forestry. Maine is
already seeing a decline in its lobster catches. Natural disasters have already cost 23
million working life years since 2000. On the other hand, efforts to stop climate
change would create 24 million new jobs by 2030.
Climate change creates mass migration around the world. Immigrants are leaving
flooded coastlines, drought-stricken farmlands, and areas of extreme natural disasters.
Since 2008, extreme weather has displaced 22.5 million people according to the
United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. By 2050, climate change will force
700 million people to emigrate.

5. Too often, globalization is seen as an exclusively Western phenomenon, an

aggressive force that often endangers indigenous cultures and ways of life. But, as
Robbie Robertson writes, this view is not simply reductive – it is inaccurate.
"Globalization is not about rampant capitalism, technology, or homogenization," he
writes, "It is about the changed environments people create and manipulate as their
societies globally interconnect." Robertson offers a broader historical perspective,
tracing transformations from Chinese dynastic trade, through the bubonic plague, and
up to today's telecommunications explosion. While interconnectivity has always
expanded the environments in which humans operate, it has also generated substantial
challenges. The most pressing issue, Robertson suggests, is in the necessity for stable,
fair governance: "Only democratization broadens the scope for wealth generation and
capacity-building, and creates the skills needed to manage increasingly complex
societies."

6. The idea of a coordinated economic De-Globalization is nothing new. Walden

Bello coined the term in the early 2000s, sparking heated debates in the anti-
globalization movement of that time. Bello never got tired of stressing that De-
Globalization by no means meant isolation and nationalism, but a new form of
international regulation and political cooperation.
The new political role for the Degrowth movement consists in picking up the
concept of a coordinated economic De-Globalization and positioning it as a
progressive antipode to the globalization critique from the right. De-Globalization is a
necessary sharpening and concretization of the Degrowth program. While Degrowth
formulates a goal, De-Globalisation points out the direction to go.
The concept of a Progressive De-Globalization could also bring about the
urgently needed co-operation between the globalization-critical movement of the
2000s, the mass movements against austerity policies after 2008 and the protests
against bilateral free trade agreements since 2015, and at the same time integrate the
perspective of the global south.

7. China has taken steps to dismantle coal-fired power plants, reduce overall emission
levels and cut particulate-matter emission rates. Huge progress has been made on air
quality, and there are now fewer smog days in China’s largest cities.
 China needs an estimated additional RMB 40.3 trillion ($6.4 trillion) to RMB
123.4 trillion ($19.4 trillion) to finance the transition to a greener economy. It has
started collecting an environment tax to help fund its environmental policies, and is
also trying to attract more green investment.

8. One way of helping is by increasing awareness about the causes and effects of food
wastage, not only among agricultural workers, but also among consumers, businesses,
and government agencies.
More importantly, developing the country’s agriculture sector can decrease food
wastage. If fewer food is lost during the production process, more food can reach
households.
However, this should also be partnered with fair income distribution so that
consumers will have fair access to food. After all, food insecurity is mainly a problem
of access rather than production, FAO said.

Consumption habits must also improve:

a. Do not purchase more than what you need
b. Do not immediately throw away food (i.e., soft fruits or vegetables can be
converted into drinks, desserts, soup)
c. Instead of letting food spoil (i.e., grocery supplies expiring), share or donate them
while they are still consumable
d. Be creative in the kitchen, clean leftovers can still be eaten or modified
e. FAO also advised food-related businesses to donate clean and nutritious food
surpluses to those in need.

Italy has a law that enables schools, supermarkets, and restaurants to donate clean
surpluses and leftovers to those in need. One city in Belgium requires supermarkets to
donate their surpluses to food banks.
Japan implements a “Food Recycling Law” which requires food businesses to
safely convert their food wastage into raw materials for animal feeds or fertilizers.

9. Global citizenship is integral to 21st-century learning, and the firsthand experiences

and learning that global citizens enjoy certainly help to define this movement. For
students, becoming global citizens can benefit them in other ways—skills such as
problem-solving, communication, collaboration, and cross-cultural awareness will
benefit them immeasurably in the global era in which we live.

Critical Thinking and Problem Solving:

Problem solving is an important 21st century skill as the issues the world faces grow
in scale. Critically thinking about the world’s problems is imperative; inductive and
deductive reasoning and analyzing how elements interact with each other can help
produce an innovative solution. This type of originality and dynamic method of
thought is fundamental to the process of attaining global citizenship because actively
participating in the world and working towards progress is the definitive goal of
global awareness. Through travel, it is possible to observe the world and its problems,
and, most importantly, explore and begin to build the most effective solutions.

Community and Collaboration:

Through social media sites we have already begun to engage and experience a
global citizenship education. A true global citizen, however, uses this sense of
community to improve the world around them. Communication is not only a crucial
skill for a global citizen to possess, but it is also an important life skill, as well.
Through international travel, and open collaboration with new people from varying
backgrounds, cultures, languages, and values, travelers are able to improve their
verbal and nonverbal communication tactics in a variety of contexts. In turn, this
increases their ability to work with a diverse range of people to solve a problem and
exercise flexibility. Collaborative work is vital to problem solving—enacting change
in the international arena requires a number of people from different cultures sharing
a common goal and using their unique backgrounds to cultivate solutions.

Technology Skills:
The 21st century is marked by the pervasiveness of technology and abundance of
media and information. To effectively foster change and function in the 21st century,
people must be able to determine how to best use these information technologies. By
traveling and seeing the world firsthand, young people are encouraged to develop
their own perspective on the world, enabling them to become active users of media
rather than passive recipients. Evaluating information critically promotes
individuality, and through that the development of new ideas.

Adaptability:
Adaptability is one of those qualities that any world traveler will learn. When
traveling, nothing ever goes perfectly. There are always challenges, whether it is a
language barrier, getting lost in an unfamiliar place, or flight delays. The ability to
adjust to changing circumstances and deal with obstacles is invaluable to a global
citizen. Without this important characteristic, problems would never get solved
because of the difficulties involved. A true global citizen often learns adaptability
from their travels and keeps a positive attitude when the road gets rough.

Cross-Cultural Awareness:
Competence when communicating with other cultures is often challenging to
learn but is necessary in order to become tolerant and empathetic with a wide range of
people. Global citizens possess cross-cultural skills, meaning they understand that
differing values, languages, and customs do not equate to differing goals for the
world. Cultural immersion is undeniably acquired while traveling and coming into
contact with people who are different from oneself. This allows travelers to identify
with others, develop compassion, and learn how to work with others effectively and
efficiently.
 ACTIVITY 10: GLOBAL FOOD SECURITY

10.1 Critique of Existing Models of Global Food Scurity

Topic Problem Alternative Solution
Access to Food Lack of job opportunities Even when a sufficient
that can provide sufficient supply of food exists to
income, or lack of training or feed everyone, food may
business knowledge for not always be accessible
success with income to everyone. People need
generating activities to have sufficient incomes
and resources in order to
obtain food.
Availability of Food Communities may be unable Community food
to produce their own food assessments (CFA) are
locally because of tools to define food-
inappropriate agricultural related issues including
technologies or practices; availability of fresh food,
lack of natural resources or prices of foods,
productive land; climate transportation to stores
constraints; emergency and more. Policy makers
situations like natural and local coalitions can
disasters; or health use CFAs to better
constraints, such as understand how to
HIV/AIDS, that prevent improve their
people from engaging in community's food
labor. situation.
Affordability of Food Urbanization of several areas Proper land use
in the Philippines – maximizes resources and
especially in regions with the empower the agriculture
most fertile land for secto. This, said the Food
agriculture – has contributed and Agriculture
to the decrease in Organization (FAO),
productivity. As a would help the economy
consequence, food prices and even alleviate
increase. poverty.

Food Quality Foodborne disease In general, humans are the

outbreaks highlight problems
with food safety, not
providing adequate
safeguards for public health.
Factors maybe improper
agricultural practices; poor
hygiene at all stages of the
food chain; lack of
preventive controls in food
processing and preparation
operations;
primary source of food
contamination, posing a
risk to food safety as
carriers. Thus, workers
should avoid certain
behaviors at the
production site, such as
smoking, coughing,
sneezing, chewing and
eating. They also should
not wear accessories,
watches or hairpins.
10.2 Assessment Activity

One way of helping is by increasing awareness about the causes and effects of
food wastage, not only among agricultural workers, but also among consumers,
businesses, and government agencies.
More importantly, developing the country’s agriculture sector can decrease food
wastage. If fewer food is lost during the production process, more food can reach
households.
However, this should also be partnered with fair income distribution so that
consumers will have fair access to food. After all, food insecurity is mainly a problem
of access rather than production, FAO said.

Consumption habits must also improve:

f. Do not purchase more than what you need
g. Do not immediately throw away food (i.e., soft fruits or vegetables can be
converted into drinks, desserts, soup)
h. Instead of letting food spoil (i.e., grocery supplies expiring), share or donate them
while they are still consumable
i. Be creative in the kitchen, clean leftovers can still be eaten or modified
j. FAO also advised food-related businesses to donate clean and nutritious food
surpluses to those in need.

Italy has a law that enables schools, supermarkets, and restaurants to donate clean
surpluses and leftovers to those in need. One city in Belgium requires supermarkets to
donate their surpluses to food banks.
Japan implements a “Food Recycling Law” which requires food businesses to
safely convert their food wastage into raw materials for animal feeds or fertilizers.