VALVES

Romane Graham
Antoine Webb
Renia Brown
Simone Johnson
Crishel McCarthy
VALVES
• A Valve is a mechanical device that controls the flow and pressure of liquids, gases, vapours

Functions of Valves:
• stopping and starting/Reduce or increase a flow
• Regulate a flow or process pressure
• Control the direction of flow
• Relieve a pipe system of pressure

Different types of valves are available: gate, globe, plug, ball, butterfly, check, diaphragm, pinch, pressure relief,
control valves.
 VALVES
• There are many valve designs with a wide range of
industrial applications that satisfy one or more of the
stated functions. It is important that the appropriate valve
is selected for a particular process to ensure efficient
performance of the system and prevent accidents.
• Regardless of type, all valves have the following basic
parts: the body, bonnet, trim (internal elements), actuator,
and packing.

• Valve body - is the primary boundary of a pressure

valve.
• Bonnet - acts as a cover on the valve body
 BALL VALVES
• A ball valve is a shut off valve that
controls the flow of a liquid or gas by
means of a rotary ball having a bore.

Function:
• By rotating the ball a quarter turn (90
degrees) around its axis, the medium
can flow through or is blocked.
 BALL VALVES
Advantages
 Low cost
 High flow capacity
 Low leakage and maintenance

Disadvantages
• Not suitable for slurry applications due to
cavities around the ball and seats. Slurries tend
to solidify or clog inside the cavities, greatly
increasing the operating torque of the valve
and in some cases rendering the valve
inoperable.
 GLOBE VALVES
• Globe valves is a type of valve used
for regulating/ controlling the flow of
the medium.
• They consist of a movable plug or disc
element and a stationary ring seat in a
generally spherical body.
• This type of valve’s allows stem
opening or closing at a short trip.
• It has very reliable breaker function.
• This type of valve is suitable for
cutting, adjusting and throttling the
medium.
 GATE VALVES
• Gate valves are also called sluice
valves are use for flow control. It
can either be fully closed which
restrict fluid flow or be fully
open where it allows fluid flow.
• Gate valves are usually made
from cast iron and stainless
steel.

• The main parts of a gate valve

are disk, bonnet and stem
CHECK VALVES
• A check valve is a device that only allows the flow of
fluids in one direction. They have two ports, one as an
inlet for the media and one as the output for the media.
Since they only allow media flow in one direction,
they are commonly referred to as one way valves or
non return valves.
• The main purpose of a check valve is to prevent
backflow in the system. Backflow can cause an issue if
the backflow is contaminated, and therefore,
contaminates the media upstream. For example, a
sewer line will have a non return valve to ensure that
waste can leave but not re-enter the system.
• They are also used if backflow will cause damage to
equipment upstream that can only allow media to flow
in one direction. For example, a reverse osmosis filter
can only have water pass through it in one direction, so
a one way valve is installed downstream to prevent
this.
 CHECK VALVES
They require a higher pressure on the input side of the valve than the output side to open the
valve. This minimum upstream pressure at which the valve opening occurs is called the check
valve cracking pressure. The specific cracking pressure changes based on the valve design and
size. The back pressure pushes a gate, ball, diaphragm, or disc against the orifice and seals it.
Depending on the design the closing process can be assisted by a spring or gravity. Depending on
the valve type, the closure mechanism is different. Unlike other valves, they do not need a
handle, lever, actuator, or human to correctly work.