PRESENT PERFECT

PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE

 STRUCTURE
 + Subj + have(has) + Vppart* + Obj
 - Subj + have (has) + not + Vppart + Obj
 ? Have (has) + subj + Vppart + Obj?
 Examples
 He has bought a lot of new clothes
 Jonathan has climbed Mount Everest

 *Remember: -ed reg.vbs/3rd column irreg.

vbs
 Uses

 To talk about a situation which started in the past

and has and effect in the present
 I've lost my keys, so I can't leave the house.
 He has started again the gym, that's why he's so tired.
 To talk about a present situation that started in the
past.
 They have owned different restaurants for several
years.
 She has lived in Tokyo since 1998
 To talk about life experiences
 I've visited New York three times
 They have done bungee jumping on several occasions.
 To talk about experiences in the past, when we are not
interested or don’t know the specific point in the past
 I’ve visited Brazil.

REMEMBER:
 When we talk about a specific point in the past we use the past
simple
 I went to Japan in 2003
QUESTIONS AND SHORT ANSWERS
 Remember how we make Questions
 ? Have (has) + subj + Vppart + Obj?

 In order to make short answers, we use the

adverb (Yes or No), the subject in its pronoun
form and the auxiliary in the correct form.

 Has he won many Grand Prix?

 Yes, he has/ No, he hasn’t.
PRESENT PERFECT WITH EVER AND NEVER
 We use ever in questions with the present
perfect. It means ‘at any time in your life’.
 Have you ever spoken to him?
 Has he ever had a serious accident?
 We use never in sentences with negative
sense in the present perfect. It means ‘ at
no time in your life’.
 He’s never driven a F1 car.
 Ever and never come before the past
participle.
PRESENT PERFECT WITH FOR AND SINCE
 We use since with specific points in time, e.g.
Wednesday, January, 2002, five o’clock.
 Mary has lived in Dublin since 2003
 They have worked in the project since September
 We use for with periods of time, e.g. two days, 24
hours, three years, one week.
 Mary has lived in Dublin for 6 years
 They have worked in the project for 4 months.
 We use How long…? to ask a question about the
duration of an activity or situation
 How long have they worked in the project?
 How long has she lived in Dublin?
PRESENT PERFECT WITH JUST
 We use the present perfect with just to talk about things
that happened very recently
 I’ve just got an e-mail
 They have just given me a present.