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ABDULRAHMAN AL-SUMAIT UNIVERSITY

DEPARTMENT: SCIENCE DEPARTMENT

COURSE TITLE: FOUNDATION OF EDUCATION

COURSE CODE: ED 111

COURSE INSTRUCTOR: MR. ALI SALIM KHALFAN

GROUP NAME: PC GROUP

TYPE OF ASSIGNMENT: GROUP ASSIGNMENT

ACADEMIC SEMISTER: FIRST SEMISTER

No STUDENT NAMES REGISTRATION NUMBER

1 IS-HAQ ALI HASSAN 19/PC/001
2 HAMAD AMIRI ALI 19/PC/002
3 AWATIF KOMBO YUSSUF 19/PC/003
4 TWAHIR KHAMIS ALI 19/PC/004
5 MUNIR OTHMAN ALI 19/PC/005
6 ALI ISSA OTHMAN 19/PC/006
7 HIJJA OMAR SALIM 19/PC/007
8 GHANIL OTHMAN SALUM 19/PC/008
9 RAJABU SULEIMAN 19/PC/009
10 ZAINAB SOUD HAMAD 19/PC/010
11 HANNAN NASSOR MOHAMED 19/PC/011

QUESTION: Discuss the roots and spread of Islamic education

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 Concept of Islamic education

Islamic education refers to efforts by the Muslim community to educate its

own, to pass along the heritage of Islamic knowledge, first and foremost
through its primary sources, the Qur'an and the Sunnah.

This education of Muslims might take place in mosques, schools or universities,

and other organizations established by Muslims over the centuries. In the U.S.,
boys and girls and adult males and females are served by this type of Islamic
education. Since Muslims' efforts may likely fall short of the ideals and
principles of Islam. For example, some institutions may teach constructive
interaction of minority Muslim communities with other faith communities,
while others practice a more isolationist position.

The following are the roots/sources of Islamic education:

THE QURAN

The Quran is word of Allah which is revealed to Prophet Muhammad and

transmitted it to the whole world. The most fundamental source of Islamic
knowledge is Quran because all sources of Islamic laws must in essential
agreement with the Quran. The nature of the word Quran is recitation or
reading. And as Muslim we believe that through Quran Allah communicate
with humankind through medium of revelation.

The following Characteristics of Quran which justify that it is main root of

Islamic education and knowledge;

 Allah has taken upon a duty of preserving the Quran forever. He say in it
that “We have without doubt sent down the message, we will assuredly
guard it (from corruption)”. Quran(15:9)

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 Therefore, as it is preserved by Allah it is a main root of Islamic
education.
 It contains a complete code that provides for all areas of life including
spiritual, social, intellectual and economical. This code has no specific
place or nation or time to be used but it is up-to-date. As Allah says in
Quran that; “Verily this Quran doth guide to that which is most
right”( Quran 17:9)
THE HADITH/SUNNAH

This refers to the corpus of traditions attributed to the prophet Muhammad.

Sunnah is the traditions or known practices of the prophet Muhammad, many of

which have been recorded in the volumes of Hadith literature. It also contains
numerous exhortations of the prophet that tress the importance of acquiring
knowledge as a religious duty, with the quest for knowledge being considered
as lifelong vocation.

The resources include many things that he said, did, or agreed to and he lived
his life according to the Qur’an, putting the Qur’an into practice in his own life.
During his lifetime, the prophet’s family and companions observed him and
shared with others exactly what they had seen in his word and behaviors.
Example, how he performed ablutions, how he prayed, and how he performed
many other acts of worship.

People also asked the prophet directly for rulings on various matters, and he
would pronounce his judgment. All of those details were passed on and
recorded, to be referred to in future legal rulings.

Many issues concerning personal conduct, community and family relations and
political matters were addressed during the time of the prophet, decided by
him, and recorded.

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Therefore, the Sunnah can thus clarify details of what is stated generally in the
Quran.

IJMA’ (CONSENSUS)

In the situations when muslins have not been able to find a specific legal ruling
in the Qur’an or Sunnah, the consensus of the community is sought (or at least
consensus of the legal scholar within the community).

The prophet Muhammad once said that his community (the Muslim
community) would never agree on an error.

QIYASS (ANALOGY)

In the cases when something needs a legal ruling, but has not been clearly
addressed in the other sources, judges may use analogy, reasoning, and legal
precedent to decide new case law.

This is often the case when a general principle can be applied to new situation.

Example the ruling on smoking or chewing Mira.

THE SPREAD OF ISLAMIC EDUCATION

The Islamic education was spreading through the following ways

Journeys by travelers

The mains way in which Islamic education was spreading is travelling from one
place to another in performing different activities such as studying. In the early
days Muslim scholars travelled many parts of the world for business and trade.
Different activities were conducted by these scholar’s examples wrote some
books, did research and provided education to the natives of that area. Example
of scholar who came to East Africa from Morocco and travelled different East

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African countries like Mombasa and Zanzibar. In his journey he wrote book
called the “The Adventure of Ibni Battuta”.

Expansion of Islamic state

Muslim states build mosques, library and universities to the areas where their
occupies. Through this way the Islamic education was spreading to a large
extent. Also there was rule which was followed in which the leader of the land
which Muslim occupied should be imam, judge, and also should be a teacher.
Therefore, this made many people to accept Islamic education and Islamic
religion in general and the knowledge expanded.

Christian students

The Christian students went to Muslim university acquire Islamic knowledge

and then spread to their home citizen when their back home. They wrote
different books and taught others Islamic knowledge. Bernard Costarine who
studied medicine in Baghdad is good example. He introduced the first medical
university when he went back to Europe. Also they worked on translating
Arabic books into Latin, Greeks and other European languages. Also the
numerazation system from 0 to 9 is similar to Arabic numerazation.

Transfer of technology

The major achievements in science and technology that are called Hellenistic
and Roman were mainly Near Eastern achievements due to the scholars and
artisans of Egypt, Syria, and Mesopotamia.
The pre-Islamic civilizations of the Near East and of all the lands extending
from Central Asia and northern India to Spain were inherited by Islam; and

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under the influence of Islam and of the Arabic language, the science and
technology of these regions were greatly developed and advanced.

During the rise of Islamic civilization, Europe was still at an early stage in its
technological status.

Muslim traders and explorers

Muslim traders travelled throughout the world conducting trades and imparting
Islamic knowledge to the people in their interaction. Example, one of the
Christian historians Basil Davidson wrote “It is understood that they were Arabs
Muslims, Persian and Indians who dominated commercial life along the north
shores of the Indian Ocean.

By the 8th Century, there were Arabs and other Muslims trading and settling
across the sea from Chinese port Carton to East Africa. Therefore, historians
divided the development of Islamic education in the following ways;

Spread of Islam and education along Arabian Peninsula, Persia and Africa.

Great age of Islam or Golden age. Islamic education spreader to Southern

Europe, Eastern Europe, Middle and Central Asia and beyond.

On ward decline period of Islamic education.

Therefore, the above methods were assisting much in spreading Islamic

education and also Allah promised that from the rout of Islamic knowledge so it
is spreading is must done follow the truth of Allah as explain in Quran.

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References

1) The Holly Book (Quran)

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