East Negros Academy, Inc.

Learning Module for EPP 5(Week 16-17) Page 1 of 16

EAST NEGROS ACADEMY, INC.

Toboso, Negros Occidental

LEARNING MODULE FOR

EPP 5
Name of Learner: ______________________________________

Prepared by:
Katherine Joy U. Palabrica
EPP Teacher

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East Negros Academy, Inc. Learning Module for EPP 5(Week 16-17) Page 2 of 16

STUDY SCHEDULE
WEEK LEARNING ACTIVITIES
COMPETENCY
Jan. 30- Feb.12 , 2020 1.1 nakagagamit ng Dip:
(2 weeks) makina at kamay sa 1. Repairing
pagbuo ng mga Clothes
kagamitang 2. Activity 1
pambahay Deepen:
1.2 natutukoy ang 1. Advantages and
mga bahagi ng disadvantages of a
makinang depadyak sewing machine
1.3 nakabubuo ng 2.types of sewing
kagamitang machine
pambahay na 3. Operating a sewing
maaaring machine
pagkakitaan Do:
1.4 nakalilikha ng 1. Demonstrating and
isang malikhaing explaining the
proyekto following
EPP5HE- Deepen:
0f-17 1. Making Pillow
EPP5HE-
0g-18

MODULE 16&17- USING A

SEWING MACHINE
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
Repair clothes with tear, ripped seam, and ripped hem
Identify the parts of sewing machine
Demonstrate the basic operations in using a sewing machine
Identify sewing machine troubles
Sew simple, soft furnishing like curtains, throw pillows, table
runners, placemats, and table napkins.

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East Negros Academy, Inc. Learning Module for EPP 5(Week 16-17) Page 3 of 16

PRE-ASSESMENT
Direction: In your own experience, list down ways on
how to take care of your clothes.
1. __________________________________________
2. __________________________________________
3. __________________________________________
4. __________________________________________
5. __________________________________________

DIP

INTRODUCTION
Repairing Clothes
Clothes will look better and last longer if rips and
tears are mended when they first appear. Mending is
repairing clothes by reinforcing worn-out thread of a fabric
using thread of the same color. Mending a garment before
washing prevents the tear from getting bigger.
Darning
It is mending broken or worn-out threads of a fabric
by interlacing rows of fine running stitches to replace and
reinforce the worn places in a garment. Common tears
where darning can easily be done are the straight tear,
the diagonal tear, and the three-cornered tear.

1. Straight Tear

a) Prepare the thread that matches the color of the

cloth. Thread the needle.
b) Darning must begin from the wrong side of the

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East Negros Academy, Inc. Learning Module for EPP 5(Week 16-17) Page 4 of 16

cloth about I cm beyond the tear.

c)Make rows of small running stitches back and forth 1
cm each side of the tear, Then, fasten the thread at
the wrong side about 1 cm beyond the tear.
2. Diagonal Tear

In a diagonal tear both the warp and filling threads

are cut. This makes it necessary to run darning stitches
parallel to both sets of threads to mend the tear securely.
The first groups of stitches are made as they are for
darning straight tears, except they are not made at right
angles to the tear. The second group is worked in at right
angles to the first.

3. Three-cornered Tear

a)This tear is darned as a straight tear, with the stitches

running at right angles to the opening. The snag is
across both lengthwise 1 1 threads.
b)Begin at one end and darn one side of the tear
completely.
c) Then begin at the other end and darn the other side.
This causes the stitches to overlap at the corner,
thus, strengthening it.

Fundamental Rules of Darning

1. The needle should be fine and the thread should match
the color and texture of the material.
2. Fit the edges of the tear together to reinforce it. Begin
the stitches about lh inch beyond its end. Sew back and
forth with small running stitches.
3. Do not use a knot in the end Of the thread as there is
no strain at this point.
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East Negros Academy, Inc. Learning Module for EPP 5(Week 16-17) Page 5 of 16

4. Continue sewing with small running stitches across the

opening to hold the edges of the tear together. The rows
of stitches should run at right angles to the tear and
parallel using the matching thread.
5. Have the stitches over the opening alternately, one over
and the next one under the edge. This makes a flat darn.
6. The strain will be more evenly distributed if the row of
running stitches is irregular in length.
7. Be careful not to draw the stitches tightly enough to
cause the darn to pucker.
8. Darning is usually made from the right side of the
fabric.

Sewing Ripped Seams or Hems

1. Sew ripped seams using backstitch and overlapping
with the old seam line.
2. To sew hem:
a)Cut off the threads on a ripped hem.
b)Sew the garment using hemming stitch. If the ripped
hem is left with a long thread, thread it into the
needle and sew it over the hem.
c) Fasten the stitch with a knot on the wrong side of the
fabric.
Patching
When holes in a garment are large, patching is used
for mending. The patch must match the color, design, and
fabric of the garment. Here are some steps in patching a
hole.

1. Tim the hole to a regular shape.

2. Cut a patch large enough to cover the holes on all
sides.
3. Turn the raw edges of the patch 1/4 inch to the right
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East Negros Academy, Inc. Learning Module for EPP 5(Week 16-17) Page 6 of 16

side then pin and baste it on the wrong side of the

material.
4. Hem the patch to the garment making the corners neat,
5. Turn in the raw edges of the garment and baste near
the edge. Then, finish the hem by hand hemming.
6. Remove the bastings and press carefully.

Activity I. Answer the following:

1. What are the three kinds of tear?
a)______________________________________
b)______________________________________
c) ______________________________________

DEEPEN
Discussion
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF A SEWING
MACHINE
Sewing machines help you Work faster and multiply
the volume of your output. Sewing with the use of sewing
machines have advantages and disadvantages.

Some Advantages
1.It is faster than stitching by hand.
2.Its stitches are stronger and more even than those
made by hand.
3.It multiplies the volume of output rather than doing
it manually.
Disadvantages
1.It is expensive.
2.It needs special care.
3.Its machine's maintenance and spare parts are
costly.
TYPES OF SEWING MACHINES
The sewing machine is a textile machine used to
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East Negros Academy, Inc. Learning Module for EPP 5(Week 16-17) Page 7 of 16

stitch fabric and other materials with thread. To achieve

good results, selection of appropriate type of sewing
machine is essential. There are different types of sewing
machines.
Here are some commonly used types of sewing
machines.

1. Lockstitch sewing machine — It

is also known as "treadle machine" or
sometimes called "domestic sewing
machine." It is run by foot and may
also be converted into electrical
powered machine.

2. High-speed lockstitch sewing

machine — It is also known as
"industrial sewing machine." It has
automatic lubrication run by
electricity.
3. Overedging machine - It is a kind
Of special machine which finishes the
raw edges Of the fabric.

4. Portable sewing machine — This is

a mini sewing machine which is run by
electricity. This can be brought
anywhere but cannot be used for
industrial activities which require a long
time. Some portable sewing machines
have special functions aside from
straight sewing.

Parts of a Lockstitch Sewing Machine and Their

Functions
In the market, there are several brands of sewing
machines available. There are those operated by hand, by
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East Negros Academy, Inc. Learning Module for EPP 5(Week 16-17) Page 8 of 16

foot, or by electricity, portable sewings, and some special

machines which have different special functions such as
buttonholing, edging, embroidery, and others.
Here are the parts of a lockstitch sewing machine.

1.Spool pin — It is fitted on top Of the arm to hold the

reel.
2. Thread guide — It holds the thread in position from
the spool to the needle.
3. Tension disc — It is composed of two concave discs
put together with the convex sides facing each other. The
thread passes between the two. The tension of the thread
is adjusted by a spring and nut which increases or
decreases pressure.
4. Take up lever — It is a lever fitted to the body of the
arm. Its up and down motion feeds the thread to the
needle and tightens the loop formed by the shuttle.
5. Machine bed — It is the table where the machine
head is attached.
6. Needle bar- This is a steel rod to hold the needle at
one end with the help of a clamp. Its main function is to
give motion to the needle.
7. Presser foot-It is fixed to the presser bar to hold the
cloth firmly in position when lowered.
8. Presser foot lifter — It is a lever attached to the
presser bar for raising and lowering the presser foot.
9. Stitch regulator — This controls the length of the
stitch.
10. Bobbin winder — It is a simple mechanism used for
winding thread on the bobbin.

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East Negros Academy, Inc. Learning Module for EPP 5(Week 16-17) Page 9 of 16

11. Fly wheel — When this is made to revolve, it works

the mechanism of the motion.
12. Clutch or Thumb screw — This is in the center of
the fly wheel and it engages and disengages the stitching
mechanism.
13. Slide plate — It is a rectangular plate which
facilitates the removal of the bobbin case without lifting
the machine.
14. Needle plate or Throat plate — It is a semicircular
disc with a hole to allow the needle to pass through it.
15. Feed dog — This consists of a set of teeth fitted
below the needle plate. It helps to move the cloth forward
while sewing.
16. Face plate — It is a cover which on removal gives
access to the oiling points on the needle bar, presser bar,
and take-up lever.
17. Spool pin for bobbin winding — Spool of thread is
placed on this at the time of bobbin winding.
OPERATING A SEWING MACHINE
Having zero-knowledge in operating a sewing
machine limits you from using it properly. It is not always
that you will just sit down and do the sewing. No matter
how good you are in running the sewing machine, it is still
important that you know how to do the basic operations
such as changing the needle, changing the bobbin, and
others. It is not always that there will be someone
available to do these for you.
Here are some basic operations a sewing machine
user must know for him or her to use the machine
properly.

1. Changing the needles

a) Raise the needle to its highest
position.
b) Loosen the needle clamp screw and
remove the needle.

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East Negros Academy, Inc. Learning Module for EPP 5(Week 16-17) Page 10 of 16

c) With the flat side of the needle to the back, insert

the new needle up into clamp as far as it will go.
d) Tighten the needle clamp screw securely.
2. Changing the needle plate
a) Raise the needle and press foot.
b) Open the slide plate.
c) Lift up the needle plate from right
corner and slide out from under foot.
d) To replace the needle plate, slide it
under the pin and push it firmly to the
left.
e) Press down until it snaps into place.
3. Inserting a bobbin
a) Raise the presser foot.
b) Turn the hand wheel toward you until
the needle is in its highest position.
c) Open the slide plate and remove the
empty bobbin.
(1) Pull 4 inches (10 cm) of thread
from replacement bobbin and
insert the bobbin into the case as
shown.
(2) Holding the bobbin in place, guide
threads into notch and then down
the slot to the left and guide
around into notch.
(3) Draw several inches of thread
diagonally across the bobbin toward the back of
the machine.
(4) While holding the thread on outside, close the
slide plate allowing the thread to extend
through the slot between the
slide plate and needle
plate.
4. Winding a bobbin
Winding a bobbin is quick and easy

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East Negros Academy, Inc. Learning Module for EPP 5(Week 16-17) Page 11 of 16

when you follow the directions below. Always wind the

bobbin, before threading the machine and needle.
a) Push in indent on hand wheel disc. This will stop the
needle from moving.
b) Place the spool of thread on the spool pin.
c) Slide the spool cap firmly over the rim of the spool
to prevent threads from tangling.
d) Lead the thread from the spool and snap into the
thread guide post.
e) Wind the thread clockwise around the front of the
bobbin winder tension disc.
f) Pass the thread end from inside, through the small
hole in rim of the bobbin.
g) Place the bobbin on the spindle and push it to the
right.
h) Holding the thread end, step on the speed controller
to run the machine until the desired amount of thread
is wound. (Winding stops automatically once bobbin is
full.)
i) Cut the thread. Push the bobbin to the left and
remove it from the spindle.
j) Trim the thread end from the top of the bobbin.
k) Return the hand wheel disc to sewing position by
pressing on side opposite indent.
5. Threading the machine
a) Raise the take-up lever to its
highest position by
turning the hand wheel towards
you.
b) Raise the presser foot to release
thread tension.
c) Place the spool of thread on the
spool pin.
d) Slide the spool cap firmly over the rim of the spool
to prevent the thread from tangling.
e) Lead the thread from the spool and snap it into the

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East Negros Academy, Inc. Learning Module for EPP 5(Week 16-17) Page 12 of 16

thread guide (1) and with only one hand, pass

the thread under the guide and through the slot,
as illustrated (2).
f) Thread the tension discs by leading the thread down
and around the tension (3).
g) Hold the spool lightly and pull the thread up, lifting
the spring, and allowing the thread to dip into
thread guard.
h) Slip the thread into the take up lever as illustrated
(4).
i) Pass the thread through the guides (5 and 6).
Thread needle from front to back, pulling 4
inches (10 cm) of thread through the eye (7).
6. Raising the bobbin thread
a) Hold the needle thread13
loosely with left hand
(1).
b) Turn the hand wheel slowly
toward you, lowering
the needle into the hole in
plate.
c) Continue to do this until the needle rises above the
needle plate (2).
d) Pull gently on the needle thread and bring up the
bobbin thread in a loop (3).
e) Open loop with fingers to find end of bobbin
thread.
f) Draw the needle thread through the left side
opening in the presser foot
g) Pull both threads to the back of the machine.
7. Adjusting the thread tension (for
straight stitching)
A perfect, well-balanced stitch will
have the needle and bobbin threads
locked between the two layers of fabric
with no loops on top or bottom and no

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East Negros Academy, Inc. Learning Module for EPP 5(Week 16-17) Page 13 of 16

puckering. Too much tension will produce a tight stitch

which will cause the fabric to pucker.
a) To decrease tension, turn the dial to a lower
number. Too little tension will produce a loose
stitch which will cause loops in the seam.
b) To increase tension, turn the dial to a higher
number.

DO
Activity I. Demonstrate and explain the following:
1. Raising the bobbin thread
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________

2 .Threading the machine

_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________

3. Winding the bobbin

_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________

4. Regulating the length of the stitches

_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________

5. Setting the needle

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East Negros Academy, Inc. Learning Module for EPP 5(Week 16-17) Page 14 of 16

_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________

DEEPEN

PERFORMANCE TASK:
Sample Project Plan

Name of Pupil:_____________________________
Date Started:_____________________
Grade and Section:_________________
Date Finished:____________________

I. Name of Project: “Pillow”

II. Objectives:
A. Know the proper way of sewing a pillow case
B. Sew and create a soft furnishing
C. Pass the finished product
III. Sketch or Drawing: (of your design)

IV. Materials
1/2 yard fabric(45" width)
1 piece pillow insert (15" x 15")
1 spool Thread
1 piece zipper(16 inches)
V. Tools and Equipment:
Sewing machine, ironing pad, scissors, seam ripper,
pins, and tape measure
VI. Procedure:

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East Negros Academy, Inc. Learning Module for EPP 5(Week 16-17) Page 15 of 16

1. Cut two pieces of fabric that are equal to the size of the
pillow insert (15" x 15") plus a half-inch seam
allowance.
2. Put the right sides of the two fabrics together and align
all corners.
3. Sew the bottom side half-inch from the edge using a
zigzag stitch. This is where the zipper will be put.
4. Iron the seam open.
5. Position the zipper at the center of the opened seam.
Its right side and zipper pull should be facing the
seam. Pin both ends in place.
6. Top stitch both sides Of the zipper onto the seam using
a straight stitching.
7. Backstitch to sew the edge of the seam up to the edge
of the zipper. Do this on both ends Of the zipper.
8. Using a seam ripper, remove the zigzag stitch to expose
the zipper at the right side of the fabric. Open the
zipper to be able to turn the fabric right side out later
after sewing.
9. Place the right sides of the fabric together again and
sew its other three sides with a half-inch seam
allowance.
10. Trim all four corners of the seam at an angle. Make
sure not to cut the corner stitches.
11. Turn the cover right side out and use a pencil or stick
to gently push from the inside and form the corners
of the cover.
12. Iron the cover and put the pillow insert in.
VII. Criteria for Evaluation

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East Negros Academy, Inc. Learning Module for EPP 5(Week 16-17) Page 16 of 16

POST-ASSESSMENT

Direction: Write the names of the different parts of the

sewing machine on the lines below the drawing.

1. _____________________
2. _____________________
3. _____________________
4. _____________________
5. _____________________
6. _____________________
7. _____________________
8. _____________________
9. _____________________
10. _____________________
11. _____________________
12. _____________________
13. _____________________
14. _____________________
15. _____________________
16. _____________________
17. _____________________

REFERENCE
Gee E. Velasquez (2018). Dynamics Series in Home
Economics and Livelihood Education.“Using a Sewing
Machine” pp 156-177. JO-ES K-12 Series.

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