Key to

Ngeb*d
Systemsof Eqaations

;*- ^*.--*.j

By fulie King and PeterRasmussen

 TABLEOF CONTENTS
S y s t e mosf E q u a t i o n. .s. . . . . . . . . ...........1
Sofving Systems of Equations by Graphing .....................2
SolvingSystemsof Equations by Addition .........
or Subtraction ......8
Solving Systems of Equations by Substitution.............. .................12
SolvingProblems ...........28
S o l v i nSg y s t e mosf I n e q u a l i t i e s . . . . . . . . . ............30
W r i t t eWn ork . . . . . . . . . . . . .3. 5. . . .
P r a c t i cTee s t . . . . . . . . ..........36
Patternsof Primes
The coverol this bookshowsthe lshangotallybone,whichis
oneof the oldestmathematical artifactseverfound. Excavated
in 1960inZaire,it datesbackto the periodwhenthefirstcities
werebeginningto form,between9000e.c.and6500e.c.
The lshangotally bone containsgroupsof notchesar-
rang€din threedistinctcolumns.Onecolumnof numbersis 11,
13,17, 19. Theseareprimenumbers.A numberis primeif its
onlydivisorsareoneandthe numberitself.Hereis a listof the
f i r s lt5 p r i m en u m b e r s2:, 3 , 5 , 7 , 1 ' l1, 3 ,1 7 ,1 9 ,2 3 ,2 9 , 3 13, 7 ,
4' t,43,47,53.
Primenumbershavefascinated humanityeversincetheir
apparentdiscoveryin Africa.TheancientGreekswereableto
answermanyquestionsaboutprimenumbers.Forinstance,
they provedthatthereare infinitelymanyol them.
The searchfor orderand pattemis oneol humanity's
basicdrives. lt is alsooneof the basicelementsof mathemat
ics. However,althoughthe searchfor a patternin theappearance of
primenumbersis intriguing,the answerhas provedto be elusive.
Lookat the list of the first 15 primenumbers.Canyoutellwhatthe
'l6th numberis withouttestingits divisibility?The Greekssawno way;
neitherhavemathematicians in the 2000yearssincethen.
Humanimagination andcreativ-
2 3 4 5 6 ity haveprovidedsomecluesabout
7 I I 10 tl 12 the natureof primenumbers,as this
speciallistingof the numbersfrom2 Historicalnoteby DavidZtarelli
t 3 1 4 1 5 1 6 1 7 1 8 to 102shows.Theprimesareprinted lllustration
by Jay Florn
t 9 20 21 22 23 24 in bold. What conclusiondo you
25 26 27 28 4' 30 draw? Cryptographers arepeoplewhosendsecretcod€s.Atthebeginning
Whatissoimportantaboutprime of eachcodethereis a'kef that enableslhe receiverof the codeto
3l 32 33 34 35 36
numbers? decipherit. Thekeysare largenumbersthatcan be tacloredintoprime
37 38 39 40 4 l 42 Foronethingtheyformthebuild- numbers.For instance,a cryptographer can senda codewiththe key
43 M 45 46 47 48 ing blocksfor all numbersin exactly 267-'1. ll the personwho readsthe cod€knowsthat
49 50 5 1 52 53 54 the samewaythatthe chemicalele- 267- 1 = 193,707 ,721t 761,838,257,287
55 56 57 58 59 60
mentsformthe buildingblocksfor all thenthatpersoncandecodeit.
matter.Forinstance, thenumber126 Foreverycryptographer who writessocretcodesthereis another
6l 62 63 64 65 66 canbe broken6ls1v6 i6l9! og o$ o/. cryptographer whotriesto brsakthem. Wh€nbankswiretheirfinancial
67 68 69 70 7 1 72 It cannotbe brokendownanyfurther, transactions at the closeof the day,theywantto be surethatthe codes
73 74 75 76 77 78 and this is the only way to breakit are secure. This meansmakingsurethat the k€y is not known. For
downintoprimes. mathematicians, this meanslhe searchfor biggorprirn€numbersand
79 80 8'l 82 83 84
Fora longtimeth€ importiance moreeflicientwaysof factoringnumbersintoprirnes.
85 86 87 88 89 90 of primenumberswasmostlylimited Youcan restassuredthatyourmoneyis safe- prirnefindersare
9 1 92 93 94 95 96 to heir roleas buildingblocks. But aheadof numberfactorers.The governmenfss€nsitivemessagesare
97 98 99 100 t o l 102 thatchanged inthe1980'swhen cryp- guardedtoo. Allwithnumbersthatmadetheirfirstapp€arance ona bone
tographers foundnewusesforthem. in Africaabout'10,000 yearsago.

IMPORTANTNOTICE:This book is sold as a studentworkbookand is notto be used as a duplicating

master. No part of this book may be reproducedin any form without the prior written permissionof the
publisher. Copyrightinfringementis a violationof FederalLaw.

Copyright@1992by KeyCurriculumProject,Inc.All rightsreserved.

@Key to Fractions,Key to Decimals,Key to PercenE,Key to Algebra,Key to Geometry,Key to Measurement,and
Key to Mefic Measurement arc registered
trademarksof KeyCurriculum Press.
Published by KeyCurriculumPress,115065thStreet,Emeryville, CA 94608
Printedin the UnitedStatesof America 21 20 19 08 07 06 05 lsBN 1-55953-00$X
Systems of Equations

Youhavejusttunedin to thefootballgame.Yourteamis winning27-18.Theannouncer

saystheyhavescoredfivetimesonfieldgoalsandtouchdowns andhaven'tmisseda
point-after-touchdown
yet. Ganyoutell howmanytouchdowns andfieldgoalsyourteam
hasmade?
Infootball
a touchdown andextrapointareworth7 pointsanda fieldgoalis worth3 points.
Youcanprobably figureouthowmanyof eachtheyhaveby guessing or makinga listof
possibilities.
Tryit here.

Whatif youtriedto usealgebra of guessing?

instead r andf
Youcouldbeginby choosing
as variables.
fi.ld
touchdowns Stlg totaI
Nutnbut t + 5
Points 7t 3f 27
Thenyou couldwrite
They scored5 tirncs.

t + +=5 o

7I * 3f = 27o"
" w
ffi

To findthe numberof touchdowns

andfieldgoalsall you wouldhaveto do is to finda single
pairof numberswhicharesolutionsof bothequations.Canyou do it?

In this bookwe will lookat severaldifferentwaysto solvesystems of equationslikethis

one,andat waysto solvesystemscontaining inequalities,
too.
o19@by KsyCuniculum Press,Inc.
Do nol duplicatswithoutpormission. 1
SolvingSystemsof Equationsby Graphing

Remember thateachsolutionof an equationlike t + f = 5 corresponds

to a pointon its
graph.Thesameis truefor solutions of 7t + 31=27. lt we couldfinda pointwhichis on
bothgraphs,we wouldhavea pairof numberswhichis a solutionto bothequations.
So . . . let'sgraphthe equations!
Thefirstequationis easyto graphby Wewillsolvethesecondequationtor
f
plottingpoints. to finditsslopeandfintercept.
t t f=5 7t-'\ 3f ='*27
t + U=-!L*fr
I 3
{ = - 3 ++ g
+ slope:j f-inter"ept'?
--- +- -- 1--- --t--- --{--

-- t-- -.''1- ----+ ----{--.

--l-----t----+---t-.

! ^ L | | !

..:.tlit i i _l
" 'T i i
"i'-'i
i :

i
' ' "'i""'i""'t"-'i""
------+-----t-----t-.---+--.
l l : :
"""r""'i""'i"'
ri .
i i i
I i-i I
i i I i-
----.-+......i....-.i.....+--.
i i i
...---+-----:------l-----+----
i
: : : :
""--1""'1"""t""'*-"
i i i i

Thegraphscrossat the point(3,2),so (3,2)is a solutionof bothequations!We cancheck

thisby substituting
3 and 2tor t andf in thetwoequations.
t + f = 5 7++3f=27
3*2=5 7 . 3 * 3 . 2 = 2+1$ = 2 7
Didyoufigureouton page1 thattheteammusthavemadethreetouchdowns
andtwofield
goals?
01992 by Key Curiculum Press, Inc.
Do not duplicats withoul p€rmission.
Drawa graphof eachequation.Choosewhatevermethodof graphingyou findeasiest.
alongthe lineandlabelthe pointwherethe graphsintersect.Then
Writethe equation
checkto makesurethe coordinatesof thispointsolvebothequations.

?( 'l =7
3 x + y = l

Check:

x + =6
Y
3y x = 6 lllliii--liicj

-.---i----i----i-.--i--
-i--.-i---.t--..i-...:....r-
i i : i : i l : i J

.-?$ i ...i...j:.s...i....i....i....i...
-----i---i---;---i---i--
j-.-;---i-..i-...i--

Check: " " ' ii' - - -i i" ' -ii " " ii" " :i " " ti" "i i " " ii" " :i- "-' ?ae B

@19Cby KeyCurriculum Press,lnc

withoutpsrmission
Do notduplicata 3
 by graphing.Checkthesolutionbysubstituting.
Solveeachsystemof equations
2x + y = 3 a y - 3 x= 1 2
3y=^ 12 Y
+ 2x=-B

=-x + Ll
Y v + 3x =-2
= € " *2 2y - 3 x = l +
Y

olg by Kry Curlculrm PBss, Inc.

Do nol d$licde wlthoutpennlssbn.
 Someof theseequations arenotlinear,butyoucanstillfindthesolutionsforeachsystem
by graphing.Besureto choosebothpositiveandnegative numberslorx.
y=x' y =l ^ l
Y
= - 2 x+ l y =Ix +J
-. -i----t -- --" --- -i----'... -i -..i. -. t-.

'_i____i____i____t____i

-i'___i-_--i_-__i___.t-..-i-.--i----i-

'i---!--)---t---i---i---t---t-

Thesolutionsare
o o
o o
x =y"-q
t =2,1 |

@19eby KeyCurriculum Pross,Inc.

Do notduphcate
withoutpormissbn.
Herearesomemorefootballscores.Writetwo equationsyou coulduseto findthe number
andfieldgoalseachteamhasif all extrapointsaftertouchdowns
of touchdowns were
made.Usegraphsto helpyou if you needthem.

COUGARS30 (Scored6 times)

Equations:

touchdowns fieldgoals

OWLS24 (Scored4 times)

Equations:

touchdowns_ fieldgoals

6 01992 by Key Curiculum Press, Inc.

Do nol duplicals withoul p€rmission.
Writea pairof equations
foreachnumberpuzzleandfindthesolution.User forthefirst
number andy forthesecondnumber.Drawgraphsif youthinktheywillhelpyou.
Guessmynumbers. Thefirstnumberistwomorethanthesecondnumber.WhenI add
twotimesthefirstnumber
to fivetimesthesecondI get25.
Equations:
---i--.i-.--l----:----t...-1.-..1...-i----i----,--.

"-'i-"i---i---t---i--t--t-"t"-r--:-'

..- - -4..--,.----,,----"---.!--.-1.--:-..r-.--l----,--

'----t----|----!----i----i----!----i----t----i---.--- "-l----i""1_"_i'_..i-_.1.'.-t.-.-t----i-------.-

"-"i.-.r-.-i----i----i----i----i..--i----i.-.-.---

-.---i----)---l---i---t----!----)----l----t------

The numbersare and

I'mthinkingof two numbers.Thefirstnumberis threetimesthe second.Thesecond

numberis fivelessthantwo timesthe first. what are my numbers?
Equations:

--:----l----t----t----l----1----j----i----t----i-----

'-i'--i""i-"-i--"i"-'i-"-r'-r-'i-"-r-"-

...i.-...:.._.:-.._i-_..:.-...i_...:....i....,i_...i...._

Thenumbers
are and

@199by KeyCurriculum Pross,Inc.

wilhoutpsrmission.
Do nol duplicate 7
SolvingSystemsof Equationsby Additionor Subtraction

65-43.TheAceshavescored36 timesand
TheAcesare beatingthe Rocketsin basketball
baskets.Howmanytwo-pointbasketsand how manyfreethrows
haveno three-point
(onepoint)havetheymade?
To sotvethisproblemwe couldchooseb torthe numberof two-pointbasketsandf for the
numberof freethrowsmade. Thenwe couldwritethe equations.

b+f =36"'"
?b" f =65"oo
wayto solvethissystem.Doyouseewhy?
wouldnotbe a practical
Graphing
Wecouldtryto guessthesotution,
butthere'sanoth6reasywayto findit. Wecanjust
eachsideof oneequation
subtract fromthematching sideof theother.
2b + f = 65
[+ { = 36
f,+O= 2q
b. ltssolution
hasonlythevariable
Ournewequation 29forb in
is29. Wecansubstitute
to findf.
oneof the two originalequations
f,+ f = 36
? ? t f = 3 6
f = 7
(29,7)isthesolution TheAceshavescoredon 29two-point
to oursystemof equations.
basketsand7freethrows.Hereis a similarproblemforyouto try:
TheExplorers made21two-point baskets andfreethrowsto earn39 points.
Writetwoequations youcoulduseto tindouthowmanyof eachtheyhavemade.
Trysolvingyourequations method.
bythesubtraction
Equations:

baskets
two-point freethrows

o1S2 by KoyCurriculum Prass,Inc.

I withoutpemission.
Do notduplicate
Thesolutions
to thesesystems wouldbe hardto guess,butyoucansolve
of equations
method.
eachsystembythesubtraction
3b+f =2? Wc ccn chccl our 5 x * y= 2 3
solrtion h rnbstit,^ling

-
[ + f = -1 7 6forbaol lltrf Zx+y=lq
in lhc othcr rgectim,
2 b +Q = l ? o
o
2b= 12 o"
chcch:
i " b =b 3'6+ ll =2j
6 + f = t7 f 8+ l l = 2 j
f = ll 21=21
Thc solutionis ( 6 ,l l 1 .

7 ^ * 2 y =l 8 5x-3y=32
3 x * 2 , 1= 2 2x - 3y= ll

X + Ty =-6 6x 5y = - 4
? ( + y = 3 ?( 5y = 1 6

@199by KsyCuriculumPrsss,Inc.
wilhoutp€rmission.
Donotduplicats I
Eachof thesesystemsof equationscan be solvedby additioninsteadof subtraction.
Z x * y= 7,"offi-*Q x Y = 1 2
3, - y =-irz (T".
vt-,r--l:r.-:
oppofteJ 5x* y = 0
5r * O=-5
5r =-5
r =-l Check:
2(l)*\ =7 3 ( - l )- 9 = - | ' 2
_ 2 * \= J -3 - I =-12
-12=-12
y=l
The sol..tionis (-1,9).
4r - 3y =-26 -2x + 3y = 1 7
x*3y= I 2x+ v ?

3 x - +y= 2 5 - x- 3 y = l l
3 x +ay = - 7 3x * 3y =-21

10 @1902 by KsyCurriculum Prsss,Inc.

Do notduplicalewithoutpermission.
Solveeachsystemby additionor subtraction.
-
o o ot / o o
.1 oo%oo
x + L y = Z ( The y-terns are Jx y =lo I The y-terns orc
oppositcs. f con thc sanc. If I
4 x - 2 y = 3 8 rdd to get O. 2x-y=12 sb{rcct I1l g:t O.

7 x * y = -2 4 x - 3 y =8
7x*3y= B 4x *3y= 32

x .+ 7 y = 2 1 "tr+ 6y - -f
^ - 2y = -6 x 6y =-13

@19Cby KsyCurriculum Press,Inc.

Do notduplbatewithoutp€rmission.
11
Solving Systems of Equations by Substitution

Thissystemisn'tsetupto solveby additionor subtraction.

=
Y 4x-l
3x+2y=1
Thereis a wayto solveit whichis easierthaneitherthegraphing
orthe
addition/subtraction
method.lt is substitution.
To solvea systemof equations withan
we replaceoneof the variables
by substitution
equivalentexpression onlytheothervariable.
containing
y = ooo Tlrir qrrtbr rqt {r - |

3r+20t ?
tc I cra rcplrcr
3x+ 2(4x- l)= I y uth {r-lir

3x* 8x 2 =I
llr 2
l l x= l l
x = l
Nowwe havea solutionforonevariable. Wecheckoursolution our
by substituting
Wecansubstitutethisnumberin oneof pairof numbers
in theotheroriginal
theoriginal
equationsto geta solution
for equation.
theothervariable. Check:

}/={x-l 3x+2y=q
y = + ' l- | 3 ' l * 2 ' 3 =q
y =3 3 + 6 = 9
Thesolutionis ( 1,3). 9 = ?
andthevariableyoucouldsubstitute
Circlean expression it for in eachsystembelow.

x = y-3 = -tlx
Y=@ /
^ *OTH 5r*3I= l 6x*y = 6

2 x - 3 y= 9 Y = 2 ?( v= 5 x - 1
x =2y + 2 5x+4/=5 x = Y+ 5

12 ol$? by KEyCuniculum Pro3s,Inc.

Oo not duplinte withoutpermi6sion.
Nowgo aheadandsolveeachsystembysubstitution.

Y=E x = rl 3
x * f l =l 4 Check: 5 x* 3 y = l
t + 3l2xl= I t r+3y=lt
l , + 6 x = lrt 2 + 3f0= ltl
7 x - Irt / + 1 2= l t
t : 2 lrt = lrt
l=2r
'f =zel
l=+
Qr+'

Y
=-4x 2 x - 3 , 1= ?
b x * y= 6 x = 2'l *2

y= 2 - x 'l = 5 x - 1
5x*tfl = x = I + 5

6'199 by KeyCurriculum Press,Inc,

Oo not dupli)atewithoutpennb.ion. 13
 bysubstitution.
Solveeachsystemof equations
y=@ 3x-l=7
2 x- f f =z I
= 2x - t+
2x-(3+rl=2 Check:
2r-3 - * =I 2r-Y=2
x-3 =/ 2.5-8=2
r = 5 l0-6=2
l= !+ 5 2=2
g
Y=
Thesolutionis ( 5, E ).
^ = 2 1+ 7 Y = x - 1
3 , -1^ = 8 2x-3y=ll

y=lO-2x ,l=5Ox+t-[
3x-2y=22 y - 32x = LiO

14 @1992 by K€yCuniculum Pross,Inc.

Do notduplicalawithoutp€rmission.
 you firstwill haveto solveone equationfor
To solveeachof thesesystemsby substitution
oneof thevariables.

x + 'l = l2oo'l ^-3y=12

2x + 5 y =2 7 2x * 5y =-2O
i

2@-+5y = 27

t l y =o
x * y x= 1 5
3x* 2 y = 2 0 2x * 5,1= 2 6

@199 by Koy CurriculumPrsss,Inc

Do not duplicale without permissbn.
15
Solveeachsystemon thesetwo pagesby the methodyouthinkwillbe easiest:graphing,
addition,
subtraction Useoneof the gridson page17 if youchoose
or substitution.
graphing.Write "Seegraph"underthe problem.Writeeachequationalongitsgraph.
Remember to checkyoursolutions.
y = a+ $ x + ,f =-t+
2 ^ - Y= - 1 -x *2Y = 13

y=3x-l x + y = 20
y = 2x +2 30r+25/ = 550

y=fx*6 x - 2 y =6
3x+y=-7 2x + Y =7

16 @1992 by KeyCurriculumPrsss,Inc
Do notduplbatewithoutpermission.
 x +3/=| Y=2x-7
2x " 3I =-t+ x*2f=ll

7 x+ 5 y= 2 2x * 5I = |
14 y=2 2x y=9

olg by KeyCurrlculrmPr€3!, Inc,

Do not dupllcalewlthoutpermltclor.. 17
Herearesomemoreproblems foryouto solve.Foreachproblemchoosetwovariables
andsaywhattheystandfor. Thenwritea systemof equations foreachproblem.Usethe
to answerthequestion.
solution
'TheHawksstillhavea narrowedgeoverthe Pioneers game.They're
in thisbasketball
leading51to 49. ThePioneershavescored30times;theHawks, only29. Sofarneither
teamhasmadeanythree-point baskets.'
Howmanytwo-point basketsandhow Howmanytwo-pointbasketsand how
manyfreethrowshavethe Hawksmade? manyfreethrowshavethe Pioneersmade?
Variables,
-.:-- ! := nlnrbcrof bocltctr Vaiables:
: f nurnb.: cf frce throyr
Equaflon: Equation:

Answer: Answer:

Nickysaid,You'llneverguessmy Tonisaid,"l betyoucan'tguessmy

numbers! Theirsumis 12andtheir numbers!Thefirstis fivemorethanthe
is 26.' Aretheretwosuch
ditference second.lf youaddthefirstto threetimes
numbers?lf so,whatarethey? thesecondyouget29'. WhatareToni's
Variables: numbers?
Equation:

Answer: Answer:

18 Olg by K€f CurlcubmPres8,Inc.

Do nd dryllcale wtlun pemlssbn.
 A 96-inchboardhasto be cutintotwo Howcouldyoucuta SO-meter ropeinto
pieces,onepieceI incheslongerthan threepieces-twoof thesamelengthand
theother.Howlongshouldeachpiece thethird,8 meterslongerthantheother
be? two?
Variables: Vartabbs:
Equation:

Terrydidall25 problems onthetestand Linpaid426tora pencilandtwoerasers.

gotan 85. Scoresarecomputed by Kimpaid910forfivepencilsandthree
giving4 pointsfor eachrightanswerand erasers?Whatwerethe pricesof pencils
subtracting1 pointforeachwrong anderasers?
answer.Howmanyproblems didTerry Vaiables:
getrightandwrong?
Variables:
Equation:

O19e bt Ket CurdcubmPrss, Inc.

Do nd d$lbaie wtthoutpefldsslon.
19
Wealreadyknowhowto solvemanysystemsof linearequations.Thesystembelow
cannotbe solvedquicklyby anyof the methodswe havelearned,butwe canchangeit into
a systemthat'seasyto solve.Allwe haveto do is usethe Multiplication
Principle
to multiply
bothsidesof thefirstequation
by 2.
5x + 4y = l,{ 5x + 4,1= l+ 5'5+4y=lL+
3x-lV=26 '2 ,6x-4y=SZ 30+4y=lt+
oo llx+ 0 =66 4Y=-16
llr = 66 Y= - +
x = 6
fhe solutionis (6,-4).
Replaceeachsystemof equationsbelowwithan equivalentsystemwhichyou couldsolve
by additionor subtraction.Youdon'tneedto solvethe system.
7 x+ 6 y = 2 ^ 7 x * 6 y = 2 3x+5y=26
2^^-3J = lO 'z >4x - 6; = 20
/r.ataraa,-.r-
2x- y =13
@
3x+ 4y = ll ^ - 2v
I
=-12
5 x * 2 y= - 5 3x*8y=3+
4x*3y=7 2x 3 I = o
2x-9y=35 6 x 5y =
-28

7x-3y=37 5x-4y=lO
2x- y =12 3 x - 2 y= 6

x +
|
= lo x*2Y=21
l5r * 2 g y =
l|75 9x * 2+y= 243

r,+ y =20
3h *'t4y= Bl2 =1260
60x*75,1

20 o1g by l(et CunlculrmPrBs, Inc"

Oo noi duplbalewlthod perrl€.lon.
Solveby additionor subtraction.

7x+6y=2 3x + 5y=26
2x - 3y = lO 2x y =13

3x+ay=lf x 2y =-12
5x * 2y =-5 3r+8),=3Ll

4x"3y=7 2x*3y 0
2x-ql=35 6x - 5y =-28

@199by KeyCutriculum Press,Inc.

Do notdupli:atswilhoutp€rmisshn.
21
Solveeachsystemof equations.A calculator
maybe helpful.

7 x - 3 y= 3 7 5x try t0
a = rl ta-
Lx- Y 3x- 2y b

x + , 1= 1 0 ,r,,+ 2y = 2l
l5r * 28y= 1176 1r+Z+y=243

x 'l = 2 ? ( + l = 2 0
3lx * 44y= Bl2 60x*75y=1260

22 @1S2by K€yCurriculum Press,Inc.

withoutp€rmission.
Do notduplicate
Multiply
oneequationby 10or 100so thatyoucansolvebyaddingor subtracting.
Then
solvethesystem.(Remember, multiplying by 10movesthedecimal
a decimal pointone
by 100movesit twospacesto theright.)
spaceto theright.Multiplying
tlx+y=50 T x + I = 5 0 .3x+.2y=2.5
rlo,
.3x-.ly = 3.+ 3f, - I = 3tl x 2 Y= - 5

X + 5 y= 2 0 2 x - 3y = 4
.7x + . 5 y = B . 0 2 x+. O l y=. 5 2

. 0 5 x* . 1 0 y= 3 . 2 5 x + .05y= 2.75
5 x +5 y = t 6 5 5 x +5y=95

@1992 by KeyCurriculum Pross,Inc.

Do nol duplbalswithoutpermission. 23
Sometimeswe haveto multiplybothequations to geta systemwhich
by differentnumbers
canbesolvedby addingor subtracting.
x2
Tx+3y=12 Bx + 6y = 2+
x3
5 x * 2 y= | f5x + 6v = 3
-7x + 0 =
2l
-7r = 2 l
t+(-3
* 3) y = 1 2
-12* 3y = 12 x =
-3

3'l = 2+
y =I is (-3,8).
The solution
Writea pairof equivalent
equations
whichcanbesolvedby addingor subtracting.
2x+3y=10 ? x - 2 y= 1 5
3x - 4y =-2 4 x + 3 y= - 5

7x-6y=lO 2 x - l l y= 1 5
2x*5y=23 5n*3y=7
o o o O
6x - 5y = l 6 ?x - lOy= 7
4 r - 3 y = 12 5r+8I=31
2x-3y=50 5x*6y=16
7x + 8y=-10 3x- 4y= 2

3 x + 2 1 t+
= 2 x + 3y = 1 0
2 x + 3 y =I 5r ay= 2

lOx*3y=15 5 x * 2 y= q
3x - 2y =-lO 2x* 3y=-3

24 Otg by K.y Cunlculum Pr63. Inc,

tlo rd dljpllc.L wllhoulp.fi{..lon.
Solveeachsystemby addingor subtracting

2x*3y=10 ?r,- 2,1= 15

3 x - 4 y= - 2 4 x + 3 ) ,= - 5

7x 6Y= lo 2 x - l l y= 1 5
2 x + 5 y= 2 3 5 x + 3 y= 7

6x- 5 y = 1 6 1x-l O y = 7
tlx - 3 y = 1 2 5 x +8 y = 3 1

O19@by KeyCurriculum P€ss, Inc.

wilhoutpermissbn.
Do notduplicate 25
Solveby addingor subtracting.

2x - 3y = 50 5 x +6 , =
1tb
7x+8y=-10 3 x - 4 y =2

3x*2y= 14 2x*3y=10
2 x* 3 y = I 5 x - 4 y= 2

lOx*3),=15 5 x + 2 ,=11
3x - 2y =-10 2 x+ 3 y= - 3

26 @1992by Koy CurrbulumPress,Inc

0o not duplicale withoul permissbn.
 andby substitution.
Solveeachsystemtwoways:by addingor subtracting

x 7Y = t+
3x + y =-10

4x*y=3
5y -t1

Whichmethodwas easier?
yougot by different
Whatdidyou noticeaboutthe solutions methods?

@19e by Ksy CurnculumPrsss,Inc.

Do not duDlicalswithout psrmission
27
Solving Problems

Choose twovariables
andwritea pairof equations
to solveeachproblem.Thenuseyour
solution thequestion
to answer intheproblem.
85 vehicleswitha totalof 188wheels A largebowtakes5 feetof ribbonanda
registered
for the bike/trike
race. smallbowtakes3 feet. 150feetof ribbonis
Howmanywerebicyclesand howmany available
to make36 bows. Howmanybows
weretricycles? canbe largeandhowmanymustbe small?
Variables: Vaiables:
Equations:

Answer:

Tapesare on salefor $8 each. CD'sare A collection

of 31 nickelsanddimeshas
on salefor $9 each. Renespent$110of a valueof $2.65. Howmanynickelsand
herbirthdaymoneyandbought13 sale howmanydimesarethere?
items. Howmanytapesand howmany
CD'sdidshebuy?
Variables:
Equations:

Answer:

28 @1992by Ksy CutriculumPress,Inc.

Do nol duplicate wilhout psrmission.
Herearesomepuzzles for youto solve.Usealgebraor whatever
othermethodseems
to you.
mostefficient
A farmerhadsomechickens andsome "Myson'syearsandmine
cows.Shecounted40 headsand126 Makefifty-nine.
legs.Howmanychickensandhowmany Whenhe cameto be.
cowsdid shehave? I wasjusttwenty-three.
Howold arewe?"

Answer: Answer:

Jamiand Mamitogetherhad$32. Jami A birdflew 12 milesin an houraidedby

said,"lf you giveme $5, we'llhavethe
sameamount."Howmuchdadeach
one have?
a tailwind.Thenit turnedandflewback
againstthe windbut was ableto fly only
4 milesper hour. Whatwas the speedof
the wind? Howfast wouldthe birdhave
flownif therehad beenno wind?

Answer: Answer:

How manyof the puzzlesdid you solveby writinga systemof equations?

O19SAby l(ey Cl,riolum Pr3ss,Inc.
Do nd d.dlcab rithout pemi$ion.
29
SolvingSystemsof lnequalities

To solvea systemof inequalities

we
cangraphbothinequalitiesusing
thesamepairof axes.
Lookat the graphto the rightto see
howwe wouldsolvethissystem:

V
I
<
V
T
>
Oneregionhasbeenshadedtwice.
Thepoint(4,2)is in thisregion.lts
coordinates makebothinequalities
trueas shownin thetablebelow,so
(4,2)is a solution.Nowyoutestthe
otherpointsin the tablebelowto see
if theyaresolutions.
rs (r,y) in thc
( x , y) dcuble- rhodcd fs (r,y)
rcgion? 3 -2x o rolrtion ?

(4,2) z < ++L 2 > ? -2(.+)

2< 6 yes 2 >5 yes Yes

(6,-l)
( 2,-5)

(-5,3)
( 3 , 5)
hck o point.

Didyou noticethatall pointsin the double-shaded

regionaresolutions of bothinequalities
andpointsin otherregionsare not. Thedouble-shaded regionis the graphof the solution
setforthissystem.Sincewe couldnotpossibly listallthe pointsin thisregion,the graphis
the easiestwayto showthe solutionset.
30 @1992by Kay CuiliculumPrsss,Inc.
Do not duplicats without permissbn.
 setforeachsystemof inequalities.
Showthesolution

v Y
v) - Z x +2 v

Y < ,l
Y > v

o19e by KeyCufrlcubmPr68, Inc,

Do nd dupll)atewithoutpermissbn.
31
Graphthesolution
set.

o The grcphof r = 3 is o
o vcrticol line. Pointsto
o
the right hove r-valucs
x > gce&et thcn 3.

Y <
--'t---t--:--'t--t--t--:--'l

x >
-l
v
x t v

32 olSA by KeyCuniculum Pr6B, Inc.

Do not dudlcatewilhoutp€rmlssion.
Systems of inequalities Herearesomewiththree.
canhavemorethantwoinequalities.
setforthesystemlookfortheregionwhichis shadedthreetimes.
To findthesolution
x
Y v
v v

y>2x-10 y < - 3 x +4
y > y < $ " +l0
Y> - l x - 6 y < - ? ^ + Lt

olg bt Kst Currlc1Jlum

Pr6s, Inc,
Do rd (ldbde wnhoutpernission.
33
 setsonpage33weretriangles.
Twoof thesolution setsonthispageinclude
Thesolutions
a square, a parallelogram
a rectangle, anda pentagon.
Canyoupredict
whichsolution
will
bethepentagon?

y> *x Y < -2x

y>-2x-lO y s +6

'-r----r--.-i.---i"---i----i---'i--.

y > x - 3 r-5 y )-x-5

' 1. t + 6 x + 5 ,l < -x + 5

ffi

34 @1992by Key Cuniculum Press, Inc.

Do not duplicats without pormlssion.
WrittenWork

Dotheseproblemson somecleanpaper.Labeleachpageof yourworkwith

yourname,yourclass,the date,andthe booknuniber.Alsonumbereachproblem.
Keepthiswrittenworkinsideyourbook,andturnit in withyourbookwhenyou arefinished.
Pleasedo a neatjob.
1. (5,2)is a solutionto oneof thesesystemsof equations.Whichone?
3r+y=13 ?-x+3y=! x-2y='l x = y2-1
x+3y=-2 x-Y = 7 2x-y=g J = r+3

2. Solvethissystemof equationsin threedifferentways.

2x-Y=7
3 x + 2 Y= 1 4

hasno solution:
3. Thissystemof equations
Y=2x+5
2x-Y=4

to seewhy.
a) Graphthe equations
b) Whathappensif youtryto solvethe equations
by substitution?
hasmanysolutions:
4. Thissystemof equations
x+4Y=6
3x+12Y=l$

a) Whathappensif yougraphthe equations?

b) Whathappensif youtry to solveit by subtraction?
c) Namethreesolutions.
5. Thesolutionsetof a systemof inequalities
is shownto the right.
a) Namethreesolutions.
b) Namethreeorderedpairswhichare
notsolutions.
c) ls (3,2)a solution?
Why?
6. Solveeachproblemusinga systemof equations.
a) Howcouldyou make980usingexactly
30 nickelsandpennies?
b) Fivepencilsandfoureraserscost980. Two pencilsandthreeeraserscost490.
Howmuchis a pencil?
olgP Dt KoyCurriculum Prsss,Inc.
Do rd dtplbalowithoulpermiss'ron. 3 5
PracticeTest

Solveby graphing. Solveby addition.

2 y - x = 8 3^- y =-f3
Y-2x=-/ Z x +y = 3
+---i---+- --i.-- +- --t -.

+..-i ---+- --i ---+- --i.. . + - - - t - - - j - - - - i - - -

+---l---+---t---+-.-l- - +- '-l--- +- -+ --- -

+--{---+---l-.{..--t-. .l---{---1---+---.

t- --t --- l-- -.1--. +. --t - ' r - - - l - - l - - . { ' - - -

--t---+- --r---a - -1.-. +- --i-- +--l--- -r-. +- --i --- t- --t --. , , - -- . I - - - i - - - - | - - - l - - - - I

' - l - - - - f- - - i - - - + - - . i - - - - t - . - t . - - - l - - - t - . ' - t - . t-. -t - -- 1----t --. J . - - . - t- - - t - --t --- 1----l

- . i . - - - t - ' ' 1 - - - + - . . 1 - - - + - - - t - - - - l - - - t - - - - l - .+ - - - l - - 1 - - - . t - -J.. - - - r - - - i - - - - l - - - i - - - {

-. r----l-.-l ----f- --t---+---t --. t- -.t --'+-. l---t--- t. --t --. t - --t --- r'--I - - - 1 - -- - l

- - t - . - - r . - - i . - - - -f - t - - - + - - - t - ' - t - - - t - - - - t - .

Solveby additionor subtraction.

*x * 3y=ll 2x + 5y = 13
2x + y = 7 3 x- 4 y = 8

Solveby substitution.
x = 2 y- 3 3 x * y =lo
4x+3y=32 x - 2 Y= I

36 @'lS2 by KsyCurriculumPross,Inc.
withoutpormission.
Do notduplicate
Showthe solutionset of eachsystemof inequalities.

y >
y 3 - 2 x +2

Answerthe questionin eachproblemby writinga systemof equationsandsolvingit.

teamhasscored34 pointson
A football parkcost
I nOunticketsto theamusement
ticketscost$5. lf 14 kids
andfieldgoals.Theyhave I Sgandchildren's
6 touchdowns
madeeverypointaftertouchdown. wereadmittedfor $82,how manywere
theadultpriceandhowmanygot
havetheymade? | charged
Howmanytouchdowns
in at the child'sprice?

o199 by KeyCutftulumPrcss,Inc.
0o not duplicatewithoutpermis€bn.
37
 Book l: Operationson Integers
Book 2: Vsriables,Termsand Expressions
Book 3: Equations
Book 4: Polynomiq.Is
Book 5: Rstionsl Numbers
Book 6: Multiplying and Dividing Rational Expressions
Book 7: Addingand Subtracting Rational Expressions
Book 8: Graphs
Book 9: Systemsof Equations
Book lO: SquareRaotsand QuadraticEquations
Answersand Notesfor Books 1-4
Answersand Notesfor Books5-7
Answersand Notesfor Books8-1O

Key to Fractions@
Key to Decimals@
Key to Percents@
Key to Geometry@
Key to Measurement@
Key to Metric Measurement@

KEY
ilh
CURRICULUM PRESS
v Innovatorsin MathematicsEducation-

rsBN 1-55953-009-X

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