URINALYSIS (TEST FOR ALBUMIN/SUGAR IN THE URINE)

Definition:

An examination of urine by the use of benedict’s solution and acetic acid to test the presence of
albumin of sugar.

Purpose:

 To test for the presence of Albumin and sugar.

 To identify if the client needs medical attention.

Equipment/Materials:

 Test tube w/ test tube holder

 Test tube rack
 Alcohol lamp
 Match
 Medicine dropper
 5 cc syringe
 Paper lining
 Sterile bottle
 Benedict solution
 Acetic acid

Procedure Rationale Remarks

A. Test for Albumin using heat and the Acid Test using Acetic Acid

1. Arrange the paper and the equipment on To save time and energy and
the table in a straight line. avoids any unnecessary
movements.

2. The 5 cc urine specimen should be In the morning the urine is more

collected early in the morning before concentrated and abnormalities
breakfast.
are easier to detect. An early
morning specimen is also
relatively free of dietary
influences and changes due to
physical activity. The middle
portion of the urine is collected
because it is the most
concentrated.
 Procedure
3. Heat, but do not bring to boil the upper
portion of the test tube with urine without
shaking to be able to compare the results
with the bottom part of the test tube.
4. If there is no change in the heated
portion, the result is negative. It is not
necessary to add acetic acid.
5. If cloudiness appears at the heated
portion, add 2-4 drops of acetic acid. Heat
again to rule out the presence of
phosphates. If cloudiness disappears, the
results are still negative, but if it persist in
spite of the addition of acetic acid, or even
deepens, the result is positive.
B. Test for the presence of Sugar-use of Benedict Solution
1. Wash hands and wipe dry
2. Explain the procedure
3. Give the sterile bottle to the patient and
instruct her on how to collect the urine.
4. Prepare the equipment.
5. Place all the needed equipment on the
table with newspaper lining.
6. Light the burner, then pour 5 cc of
Benedict Solution into the test tube and
heat over the flame.
7. Drop 3-5 drops of urine and boil.
Rationale Remarks
Shaking the test tube will mix the
urine solution that may alter the
result. Albumin is coagulated
when heated, which is
precipitated at the iso-electric
point, when acetic acid is added.
Acetic acid helps double checking
the result if it shows positivity.
Negative result means the kidney
is doing okay.
Acetic acid ensures the
consistency of the result as the
solution gets more concentrated.
Presence of albumin in urine
means the kidneys are damaged
therefore, abnormal amounts
of albumin leak into the urine.
To prevent the spread of
microorganisms.
Explaining facilitates cooperation
and lessens anxiety.
To give knowledge to the client.
To save time and energy.
Newspaper makes the
perfect liner; it absorbs the urine
and lessens the odor.
Benedict's reagent contains blue 
copper(II) ions Cu2+ which are
reduced to copper(I) ions Cu+ .
These are precipitated as red
copper(I) oxide which is insoluble
in water. In this process aldehyde
group is oxidized to Carboxylic
acid
When Benedict’s reagent solution
and reducing sugars are heated
together, the solution changes its
color.
 Procedure Rationale Remarks

8. Let the test tube stand in the test tube The color changes according to
rack and wait until the precipitates settles the concentration of glucose
down before reading. The degree of
positivity will depend on the change of color present in urine.
from yellow green to brick red.
Test for sugar results: Blue color is nil or no reducing
sugar is present.
Greenish blue and cloudy has 0.5
Positive -------- Blue % of the concentration of
reducing sugar while greenish
+ ----- Greenish blue
blue with yellow precipitate is
++ ---- Yellow Green 0.25%. Both are considered
+++ --------- Orange
traceable amount of reducing
sugar is present.
++++ ---------- Red Yellow precipitate has 1%
considered as small amount of
reducing sugar is present.
Orange has 1.5 % considered as a
moderate amount of reducing
sugar is present.
Red is 2% or more considered as a
large amount of reducing sugar is
present.

PERFORMANCE RUBRICS
 Needs
PERFORMANCE Excellent Good Unacceptable
Improvement SCORE
CRITERIA 5 4 2
3
PREPAREDNESS Performed the Performed the Performed the The student is
procedure procedure procedure unprepared,
guidelines with guidelines with guidelines but there is
great accuracy, minimal showing little inaccuracy,
completeness, inaccuracy, unpreparedness incompleteness
and confidence incompleteness during the steps, of the
with some performance
inaccuracy
and
incompleteness
of the
performance
COMPLETENESS Performed Performed Performed the Performed the
entirely the totally the procedure with procedure with
procedure procedure some lots of
guidelines guidelines with inadequacy of inadequacy and
correctly minimal steps incompleteness
incompleteness
CONSISTENCY The student is The student is The student is The student is
competent competent but partially not yet
observant, less observant, competent, not competent and
accurate, and accurate, and observant, distracted in
focus in doing focus in doing accurate and doing the steps
the steps of the the steps of the focus in doing of the
procedure procedure the steps of the procedure
procedure
ABILITY TO Answer Answer Some Information
ANSWER questions question with information is included has
QUESTIONS comprehensively mostly good not connected to little connection
points the topic to the topic
Total Score
20

Name of Student: MERRY GRACE AMOLO Clinical Instructor: RICHARD T. DUMAGUIT

Signature above Printed Name Signature above Printed Name

Date Signed: ____________