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Failure Mode & Effect Analysis: What Is FMEA?
Failure Mode & Effect Analysis: What Is FMEA?
What is FMEA?
FAILURE MODE & • An FMEA is a rigorous, step by step process, to figure out
everything that could go wrong and what can be done to
keep those things from happening.
EFFECT ANALYSIS • It is not something we don’t do everyday. There are risky
things that people do. For example when we get into a
Nilda Tri Putri car we know that we could have a car accident so we put
Meifal Rusli on a seatbelt.
• It’s a way of thinking what could go wrong ahead of time
and preventing that from happening.
• FMEA is a team effort. All Stakeholders in the process
should be involved from the beginning
What Can Go
Wrong?
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Assigning
Rating
Assigning
Severity, Occurrence, Analyzing
Failure & Rating
Effects
Rating Scales Weights
and Detection
• Severity • Severity
• Importance of the effect on customer requirements • 1 = Not Severe, 10 = Very Severe
• Occurrence
• Occurrence • 1 = Not Likely, 10 = Very Likely
• Frequency with which a given cause occurs and
• Detection
creates failure modes (obtain from past data if possible)
• 1 = Easy to Detect, 10 = Not easy to Detect
• Detection
• The ability of the current control scheme to detect
(then prevent) a given cause (may be difficult to estimate early in
process operations).
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Severity Rating Scale (1-10 Scale) Occurrence Rating Scale (1-10 Scale)
Rating Description
Effect SEVERITY of Effect Ranking 10 Hampir pasti (hampir dapat dipastikan terjadi)
Hazardous without Very high severity ranking when a potential failure mode 10 9 Sangat tinggi (sangat sering terjadi)
warning affects safe system operation without warning
Hazardous with Very high severity ranking when a potential failure mode 9
warning affects safe system operation with warning 8 Tinggi (seringkali terjadi)
Very High System inoperable with destructive failure without 8
compromising safety 7 Sedang – tinggi
High System inoperable with equipment damage 7
6 Sedang (sejumlah tertentu/moderat terjadi)
Moderate System inoperable with minor damage 6 5 Rendah (kadang-kadang)
Occurrence Rating Scale (1-10 Scale) Detection Rating Scale (1-10 Scale)
Rating Description
PROBABILITY of Failure Failure Prob Ranking
10 Hampir tidak mungkin (tidak ada teknik yang dapat digunakan)
Very High: Failure is almost inevitable >1 in 2 10
9 Jarang (dengan teknik yang belum proven)
1 in 3 9
8 Sangat sedikit (pembuktian dari pengujian penggunaan)
High: Repeated failures 1 in 8 8
7 Sedikit (pengujian produk dengan komponen yang terinstalasi)
1 in 20 7
6 Rendah (pengujian komponen sejenis)
Moderate: Occasional failures 1 in 80 6
5 Sedang (pengujian komponen praproduksi)
1 in 400 5
4 Sedang tinggi (pengujian elemen prototype)
1 in 2,000 4 3 Tinggi (simulasi dan pemodelan)
Low: Relatively few failures 1 in 15,000 3 2 Sangat tinggi (ada metode analisis)
1 in 150,000 2 1 Hampir pasti (ada metode deteksi yang proven)
Remote: Failure is unlikely <1 in 1,500,000 1
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• The highest RPN’s and Occurrence Ranking should be Possible Consequences: Possible Root Causes:
given the first consideration for corrective actions. • Light doesn’t turn on • Light doesn’t turn on
• Driver can’t see obstacles • Battery dead (8)
• Car inoperable at night • Broken wire (3)
• As a general rule, special attention should be given (8) • Headlight out (10)
when the severity ranking is high, regardless of the • Light doesn’t turn off • Switch corroded (2)
resultant RPN. • Battery dies • Switch broken (3)
• Car won’t start (10)
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Then….follow-up Example:
Switch
• Rekomendasi tindakan Possible Failure Modes:
• Light doesn’t turn on Battery Headligh
• Penanggung jawab tindakan t
• Light doesn’t turn off
• Perkiraan penyelesaian tindakan.
• Tindak lanjut Possible Consequences: Possible Root Causes:
• Perbaiki prioritas kegagalan. • Light doesn’t turn on • Light doesn’t turn off
• Driver can’t see obstacles • Short circuit in switch (2)
• Car inoperable at night • Operator error (left on) (8)
(8)
• Light doesn’t turn off
• Battery dies
• Car won’t start (10)
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Example: Example:
Switch Failure Mode: Light doesn’t turn on
Controls/indicators:
• Light doesn’t turn on Battery Headligh Possible Root S O D RPN Crit.
t Effect Cause
• User notices lights on in dark
• Light doesn’t turn off Car Battery 10 8 2 160 80
inoperable at dead
• User notices lights on in dark night
Broken 8 3 60 30
Detectability: Redesign: Use two wire
headlights instead of
• Light doesn’t turn on (6) • Light doesn’t turn off (6) one, add visual Headlight 6 10 120 60
• User notices lights on in dark • User notices lights on in lights-on display in out
• User doesn’t notice lights not dark console. Switch 8 2 40 20
corroded
on during day • User doesn’t notice lights
Switch 8 3 27 60 30
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not on during
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broken
Example: Example:
Failure Mode: Light doesn’t turn on Failure Mode: Light doesn’t turn off
Possible Root S O D RPN Crit.
Effect Cause
Car Battery 10 8 6 480 80 Possible Root S O D RPN Crit.
inoperable at dead Effect Cause
night Car won’t Short 10 2 7 140 20
Broken 8 3 144 24 start circuit in
wire switch
Switch 8 2 96 16
corroded
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Switch
Ohio University - Dr. Cyders
8 3 26 144 24 9/28/2013 Ohio University - Dr. Cyders 28
broken
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Example:
Identifikasi Komponen Produk
Failure Mode: Light doesn’t turn off • Saklar On – Off.
• Sekring 2,5 Ampere.
Possible Root S O D RPN Crit. • Trafo.
Effect Cause
• Lampu LED.
Redesign: Add Car won’t Short 10 2 2 40 20
audible indicator start circuit in • Stop Kontak.
when driver’s door switch
• Relay.
is opened while Operator 8 160 80
lights are on, add error • Kondensator 470 µF, 25 volt.
visual lights-on
display in console. • Kondensator 10 µF, 50 volt.
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