Ain Shams University Mechanics of Machines (1)

Faculty of Engineering MDP 251

Design & Production Engineering 2nd Year Mechanical Engineering
Department

3. Equilibrium of Machines and Flywheel

3.1 The shown mechanism in Fig.1 is a stone crusher mechanism. The vertical distance
of P and Q from O are receptively 72 and 24 cm. The lengths of the links are OA
= 6 cm, AB = 80 cm, BP = 36 cm, BC = 15 cm and CQ = 48 cm. The point X on
the jaw is 16 cm form C and 36 cm from Q. If OA turns at a uniform speed of 60
rpm and is inclined at 45 deg. to the horizontal as shown, Find:
a) The velocity of point X.
b) The torque required on OA to overcome a horizontal force of 30 KN at X.

3.2 Fig. 2 shows a mechanism in which the crank AB turns uniformly, the blocks at D
and E are working in frictionless guides. If the velocity of block E is 86 cm/s, draw
the velocity vector diagram, state the velocity of block D and angular velocity of
crank AB. Also, find the turning moment at A if a force of 1 KN acts on D in the
direction of the arrow X and a force of 1.5 KN acts on E in the direction of arrow
Y.

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Ain Shams University Mechanics of Machines (1)
Faculty of Engineering MDP 251
Design & Production Engineering 2nd Year Mechanical Engineering
Department

3.3 In the mechanism shown in Fig.3, the double crank EOA rotates uniformly in anti-
clockwise direction about the fixed center O. The bell-crank lever BCD is rocked
about the fixed center C by the link AB. The movement of the rigid bar DFG is
controlled by the pin joint at D, and the link EF. When the angle θ is 60 degrees,
and the velocity of G is 46 cm/s, a force P of 1 KN is acting on G at 30 degrees to
the horizontal as shown. Find:
a) The angular velocity of both EOA and DG
b) The force acting at D and the torque acting on AE .

3.4 The mechanism of a foot pump for the inflating car tires is shown in Fig.4 OAB is
a continuous lever pivoted at O, the pump barrel is hinged to the frame at Q and
the cranked piston rod is hinged at A to lever OAB. When the angle AOQ is 45
degrees, the air pressure in the cylinder is 1.25 MPa gauge. If the compressive
force in the spring is 300 N and neglecting friction, what must be the vertical force
applied at B?

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Ain Shams University Mechanics of Machines (1)
Faculty of Engineering MDP 251
Design & Production Engineering 2nd Year Mechanical Engineering
Department

3.5 The outline diagram of Fig.5, shows the linkage for a molding press. The crank PA
rotates about the fixed center P at 100 rpm. The lever BQ is oscillating about the
fixed center Q. The ram C is operated by the connecting rod BC. Determine:
a) Stroke length of the ram .
b) Ram velocity .
c) The force exerted by the ram in this position when the torque on the crank
PA is 500 N.m. and the mechanical efficiency is 80% .

3.6 The mechanism shown in Fig.6, the crank AB, rotates in a vertical plane clockwise
about A at 100 rpm. The pivot at D is vertically below that at A. Link BC carries
a concentrated mass of 10 Kg at E. When angle BAD = 60 degrees, find the
velocity and acceleration of point E and the angular velocity and the angular
acceleration of link CD. Find the turning moment required on the link AB at this
instant to overcome the weight and inertia of E.

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Ain Shams University Mechanics of Machines (1)
Faculty of Engineering MDP 251
Design & Production Engineering 2nd Year Mechanical Engineering
Department

3.7 Fig.7 shows a double slider, slider A has a mass of 1.812 Kg, moves along a
horizontal guide, whilst another slider B of mass 2.72 Kg moves in a vertical guide.
The two sliders are joined by a light connecting rod 20.3 cm long. The coefficient
of friction at sliding surfaces is 0.08, whilst friction at turning pairs may be
neglected. Find the horizontal force P required to drive the mechanism, at an
instant when angle BA is 60 degrees, the velocity of A being then 91.5 cm/s. to the
right, and the acceleration of A being 152.5 cm/s2 to the right .

3.8 A rod AB, shown in Fig.8, rotates about A. A vertical rod DE of mass 2.26 Kg,
slides in fixed guides at F and G, it carries a slotted trunnion at H in which AB
slides. At the instant when angle CAB = 20 degrees, AB has an anti-clockwise
angular velocity of 5 rad/s and an anti-clockwise angular acceleration of 10 rad/s2
Find the velocity and acceleration of DE at this instant. If the coefficient of friction
at all sliding surfaces is 0.15, whilst friction at turning pairs may be neglected, find
the torque required from AB to lift DE at this instant .

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Ain Shams University Mechanics of Machines (1)
Faculty of Engineering MDP 251
Design & Production Engineering 2nd Year Mechanical Engineering
Department

3.9 Fig.9 shows a four-bar chain with bell-crank lever CDE. Small mechanisms are
operated from the points B and E, the inertias of these may be represented by
masses of 13.6 and 9.67 Kg concentrated at B and E respectively. For the given
configuration of the mechanism and speed of crank, determine:
a) The acceleration of the masses at B and E .
b) The torque on the crank due to the mass at E .
c) The reactions on the bearings A and C due to the mass at B .

3.10 A part of a mechanism operating a sliding block is as shown in Fig.10. In the given
configuration, the lever OB swings about O and has an angular velocity of 11.2
rad/s. and an angular acceleration of 56.5 rad/s2 both in the clockwise direction.
The reciprocating mass at E is 31.7 Kg. The mass of the rod CE is 22.65 Kg, and
its center of gravity is at its mid-point and its moment of inertia about this point is
1785 Kg.cm. Determine the kinetic energy of the reciprocating mass at E and of
the rod CE, also the value of the force P necessary :
a) To accelerate the mass at E only .
b) To accelerate the mass at E together with the rod CE .

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Ain Shams University Mechanics of Machines (1)
Faculty of Engineering MDP 251
Design & Production Engineering 2nd Year Mechanical Engineering
Department

3.11 The crank OC of the mechanism shown in Figure 11 is driven through the given
position at constant angular velocity ω rad/s. CQ is a uniform rod of mass M Kg
and mass center G. Find :
a) The acceleration of G and the angular acceleration of CQ .
b) The torque on OC and the forces at O and P due to the inertia of CQ .

3.12 The crank OA 10.2 cm long, shown in Fig.12, rotates clockwise at 200 rpm. A rod
AB passes through a slot in the pin C, which can swivel about an axis parallel to
the crankshaft, OC = 15.2 cm. AB is of uniform cross-section 30.5 cm long, and
of mass 6.35 Kg. When angle COA = 120 degrees, find the torque required on the
crankshaft to overcome the inertia of the rod AB. Do not include gravitational
forces, and neglect friction .

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Ain Shams University Mechanics of Machines (1)
Faculty of Engineering MDP 251
Design & Production Engineering 2nd Year Mechanical Engineering
Department

3.13 Fig.13, shows a reciprocating element E, driven by a crank OA, through a bell-
crank lever BCD. The crank speed is 200 rpm in the direction indicated. The bell-
crank with allowance for attached rods is of mass 5.44 Kg and the radius of
gyration about C is 13.3 cm. The reciprocating element and its connections are of
mass 6.8 Kg The motion of E is resisted by a force P of 540 N. Determine, for the
position of the mechanism given in the figure :
a) The linear acceleration of E and angular acceleration of BCD .
b) The torque required at the crank OA to overcome the specified resistance
and inertias .

3.14 Fig.14, shows the drive of a bell-crank that operates a pump rod at D .The
connecting rod AB is of mass 36.25 Kg. Its center of gravity is at the mid-length
and the radius of gyration about the C.G. is 17.8 cm. The bell-crank has a mass of
90.72 Kg and a moment of inertia about the fulcrum C of 18720 Kg.cm .At the
given instant in the Fig., a vertical force P of 11.32 KN is applied at D. The crank
speed is 30 rad/s anti-clockwise .
Determine, for the configuration shown, the necessary driving torque on the crank
to overcome inertia and resistance effects .

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Ain Shams University Mechanics of Machines (1)
Faculty of Engineering MDP 251
Design & Production Engineering 2nd Year Mechanical Engineering
Department

3.15 In the mechanism shown in Fig.15, the swinging link ABC has a mass of 40 Kg
and it C.G. is at the point marked G. Its radius of gyration about the C.G. is 10 cm.
Construct a velocity diagram for the mechanism in the configuration shown and
determine :
a) The angular velocity and kinetic energy of ABC .
b) The turning moment on the crank OA for a force of 4.536 KN acting on
the block D in the direction of motion .

3.16 The turning moment diagram for a multi-cylinder engine has been drawn to a scale
of 1 cm to 6.92 kN.m. vertically and 1 cm to 11.8 degrees horizontally. The
intercepted areas between output torque curve and mean resistance line taken in
order from one end are: -3.35, +8, -5.94, +9.03, -5.48, +4.64, -6.9 cm2. when the
engine is running at 800 rpm. If the mass of the flywheel is 545 Kg., and the total
fluctuation from maximum to minimum speed does not exceed 2% of the mean
speed. What is the minimum value of the radius of gyration ?

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Ain Shams University Mechanics of Machines (1)
Faculty of Engineering MDP 251
Design & Production Engineering 2nd Year Mechanical Engineering
Department

3.17 The torque exerted on the crankshaft of an engine is given by the equation
T = 15 + 2.2 sin 2θ – 1.85 cos 2θ kN.m .
Where, θ is the crank angle displacement from the inner dead center. Assuming
the resisting torque to be constant, determine :
a) The horse power of the engine when the speed is 150 rpm .
b) The moment of inertia of the flywheel if the speed variation is not to exceed
± 0.5% of the mean speed .
c) The angular acceleration of the flywheel when the crank has turned
through 30 degrees form the I.D.C .
3.18 A certain engine develops an output of (2.2 + 0.4 sin 2θ kN.m.), where θ is the
crank angle measured from some datum. This engine drives a machine, which
requires a driving torque of (2.2 + 0.23 sin θ kN.m). The rotating parts are of mass
346 Kg, with radius of gyration 48 cm The maximum speed of the rotating parts is
observed 200 rpm Find :
a) The minimum speed of the rotating parts .
b) The coefficient of fluctuation of speed .
c) The mean power developed by the engine .
3.19 A 20 kW gas engine is working on four-stroke cycle runs at 200 rpm. The speed is
not to vary more than ± 2.5%. Assuming that, the maximum fluctuation of energy
is threequarters of the useful work from one explosion. Find the moment of inertia
of the flywheel required .
3.20 A machine punching 38 mm holes in 32 mm thick plate requires 700 N.m of energy
per square cm of sheared area, and punches one hole in every 10 seconds. Calculate
the power of the motor required. The mean speed of the flywheel rim is 25 m/sec.
Find the mass of the flywheel required if the total fluctuation of speed is not to
exceed 3% of the mean speed. Assume that the motor supplies energy to the
machine at a uniform rate and the punching process takes 1.6 second and requires
energy at a uniform rate.