Page 46

ABBREVIATION USED IN DEDUCTIVE GEOMETRY

A. Properties of Plane Geometry

No. Diagram Given Condition Conclusion Abbreviation

a and b are adjacent
1 a angles on a straight a  b  180 adj. s on st. line
b
line
c
a, b and c are angles
2 a
b
a  b  c  360 s at a pt.
at a point
d
A D Two straight lines
3 a O b AB and CD interest a  b and c  d vert. opp. s
C c B at point O

a B
A
4(i) AB // CD ab corr. s, AB // CD
b
C D

a B
A
4(ii) a=b AB // CD corr. s equal
b
C D

A B
cd
c
5(i) AB // CD alt. s, AB // CD
d
C D

A B
c
5(ii) c=d AB // CD alt. s equal
d
C D

A B
6(i) e AB // CD e  f  180 int. s, AB // CD
f
C D

A B
6(ii) e e  f  180 AB // CD int. s supp.
f
C D

a
7 ABC is a  a  b  c  180  sum of 
c
b
B C

a
8 ABC is a  c1  a  b ext.  of 
c1
b
B C
Page 47

No. Diagram Given Condition Conclusion Abbreviation

A

9 AB = AC B = C base s, isos. 

B C

BAD = CAD
AB = AC and
10a and prop. of isos. 
BD = DC
AD  BC
B D C

BD = CD
AB = AC and
10b and prop. of isos. 
AD  BC
BAD= CAD
B D C

AB = AC and
AD  BC and
10c BAD = CAD prop. of isos. 
BD = CD
B D
C

11 B = C AB = AC sides opp. equal s

B C

12 AB = BC = AC A = B = C = 60o prop. of equil. 

B C

13 A = B = C BC = AC = AB prop. of equil. 

B C

a2 a3 a1, a2, a3, … an are

the interior angles of a1  a 2  a3  ...  a n
14 a1
 sum of polygon
a n-sided convex  n  2   180
an polygon
x2
x3 The sides of an n-
x1 sided convex x1  x 2  x3  ...  x n  360 sum of ext. s of
15
polygon are polygon
xn
produced in order.
Page 48

No. Diagram Given Condition Conclusion Abbreviation

A

C
AB = XY and
16 B X
AC = XZ and ABC  XYZ SSS
Z BC = YZ
Y

C
AB = XY and
17 B
X AC = XZ and ABC  XYZ SAS
Z A = X
Y

C AB = XY and
18 B
X
A = X and ABC  XYZ ASA
Z B = Y
Y

C
AB = XY and
19 B
X A = X and ABC  XYZ AAS
Z C = Z
Y
A

X AB = XY and
20 AC = XZ and ABC  XYZ RHS
B C
C = Z = 90o
Y Z

B C AB = XY and
21 X ABC  XYZ AC = XZ and corr. sides,  s
BC = YZ
Y
Z

B C A = X and
22 X ABC  XYZ B = Y and corr. s,  s
C = Z
Y
Z
Page 49

No. Diagram Given Condition Conclusion Abbreviation

A

C A = X and
23 B X B = Y and ABC ~ XYZ AAA
Z C = Z
Y

C
AB BC CA
24 B X   ABC ~ XYZ 3 sides prop.
XY YZ ZX
Z
Y

C AB AC
 and ratio of 2 sides,
25 XY XZ ABC ~ XYZ
B X
inc. 
Z A = X
Y
A

C
AB BC CA
26 B X ABC ~ XYZ   corr. sides, s
XY YZ ZX
Z
Y

C A = X and
27 B X ABC ~ XYZ B = Y and corr. s, s
Z C = Z
Y

A
AB + BC > AC
28 ABC is a  BC + AC > AB
B
C AB + AC > BC
A I is the intersection of the
angle bisectors, i.e.
Z I is the incentre of
BAX = BAX incentre of 
29 Y ABC
I
C
ABY = CBY
B X BCZ = ACZ
I is the intersection of the
A medians, i.e.
AZ = ZB
Z I is the centroid of BX = XC centroid of 
30 Y
I
ABC AY = YC
C
B AI BI CI 2
X
  
IX IY IZ 1
A
I is the intersection of the
Z Y altitudes, i.e.
I is the orthcentre of
AX  BC orthocentre of 
31 I
ABC
BY  AC
B X
C
CZ  AB
Page 50

No. Diagram Given Condition Conclusion Abbreviation

A I is the intersection of the
Z  Y  perpendicular bisectors, i.e.
I is the circumcentre
IX  BC and BX = XC circumcentre of 
32 I of ABC
C
IY  AC and AY = YC
IZ  AB and AZ = ZB
B
X 
A D

33 ABCD is a //gram AB = DC and AD = BC opp. sides of //gram

B C
A D

34 ABCD is a //gram A = C and B = D opp. s of //gram

B C

A D ABCD is a //gram
and O is the
35 AO = OC and BO = OD diags. of //gram
O intersection of
B C diagonals
A D
AB = DC and
36 ABCD is a //gram opp. sides equal
AD = BC
B C
A D
A = C and
37 ABCD is a //gram opp. s equal
B = D
B C

A D
AO = OC and diags. bisect each
38 ABCD is a //gram
O BO = OD other
B C

A D
AD = BC and opp. sides equal
39 ABCD is a //gram
AD // BC and //
B C
A D

40 ABCD is a rectangle All properties of a //gram

B C

A D

All the interior angles are

41 ABCD is a rectangle prop. of rectangle
right angles
B C

A D

Diagonals are equal

42 ABCD is a rectangle
(AC = BD)
B C
Page 51

No. Diagram Given Condition Conclusion Abbreviation

A D Diagonals bisect each
other into four equal
43 ABCD is a rectangle prop. of rectangle
E  parts
B C (AE = EC = BE = DE)
A D

All properties of a
44
rectangle
ABCD is a square
B C

A D

45 ABCD is a square All sides are equal

B C

A
prop. of square
D
Diagonals are
46 ABCD is a square perpendicular to each
Y 
other (AC  BD)
B C

A D
47
B C
Angles between each
ABCD is a square diagonal and a side is
45o

All properties of a
48 A C ABCD is a rhombus
//gram
B

49 A C ABCD is a rhombus All sides are equal

B

D prop. of rhombus
Diagonals are
50 A C ABCD is a rhombus perpendicular to each
other (AC  BD)
B

D Interior angles are

e  a  b  g  bisected by the
51 A f  h  C ABCD is a rhombus diagonals
c  d 
(a = b = c = d
B
and e = f = g = h)
A

MN // BC and
M
N AM = MB and 1
52 mid-pt. thm.
AN = NC MN  BC
C 2
B
Page 52

No. Diagram Given Condition Conclusion Abbreviation

A D
L1
B E L1 // L2 // L3 and
53 L2 DE = EF intercept thm.
C F
L3
AB = BC

N AM = MB and
54 M
AN = NC intercept thm.
MN // BC
C
B

55 In ABC, ABC = 90 AB2 + BC2 = AC2 Pyth. thm.

B C

In ABC, converse of Pyth.

56 ABC = 90
AB2 + BC2 = AC2 thm.
B C

A D AD // BC, AB = DC,
AE = DF, AC = DB, Nil /
ABCD is an isos. BE = FC, AD = EF, prop. of isos.
57 trapezium
ABC = DCB, trapezium
BAD = CDA.
B E F C

A
a1 a2
AB = AD, BC = DC,
d1
ABC = ADC,
B b1 D
b2 O d2 Nil /
58 ABCD is a kite a1 = a2, c1 = c2,
prop. of a kite
b1 = d1, b2 = d2,
c1 c2 AC  BD, BO = DO.