MATRIKULASI

HIDROLIKA
Joko Nugroho
Hidrolika
Fluid mechanics is that branch of science
which deals with the behaviour of the fluids
at rest as well as in motion. In general the
scope of fluid mechanics is very wide which
includes the study of all liquids and gases.
But usually it is confined to the study of
Hydrodynamics, deals with theoretical
liquids and those gases for which the effects
aspects of the fluid flow, which assumes that
due to compressibility may be neglected.
shearing stresses are non-existent in the fluids,
that is, ideal fluid concept.
Hydraulics, deals with the practical
aspects of fluid flow which has
been developed from experimental
findings and is, therefore, more of
empirical nature.
Hidrolika
Many investigators have contributed to the
development of experimental hydraulics,
notable amongst them being Chezy, Venturi,
Bazin, Hagen, Poiseuille, Darcy, Weisbach,
Kutter, Manning, Francis and several others.
Although the empirical formulae developed
in hydraulics have found useful application in
several problems, it is not possible to extend
them to the flow of fluids other than water
and in the advanced field of aerodynamics.
Hidraulika di Indonesia
◦ Technische Hoogeschool the Bandoeng – 1920: Weg- en Waterbouwkunde
◦ Laboratorium Mekanika Fluida, 1928
◦ Laboratorium Hidraulika (Lab Uji Model Fisik), 1939
Hidraulika di Indonesia
ALIRAN PADA SALURAN
TERBUKA DAN
KLASIFIKASI
Closed Conduit vs. Open Channel
Sketsa Definisi Penampang Saluran
Tipe Aliran
➢Steady flow;
◦ Uniform flow
◦ Non uniform flow:
▪ Gradually varied flow
▪ Rapidly varied flow

➢Unsteady flow;
◦ Unsteady Uniform flow
◦ Unsteady Non uniform flow:
▪ Gradually varied Unsteady flow
▪ Rapidly varied Unsteady flow
Keadaan Aliran
◦ Keadaan aliran pada saluran terbuka akan dipengaruhi oleh pengaruh
gaya gravitasi dan viskositas terhadap inersia. Tegangan permukaan
memiliki pengaruh minor.
◦ Pengaruh viskositas:
◦ Aliran laminar
◦ Aliran transisi
◦ Aliran turbulen
◦ Bilangan Reynolds, Re: (V: kecepatan aliran, L: Panjang karakteristik,  :
viskositas)
𝑉𝐿
𝑅𝑒 =
𝜈
Kekasaran Saluran
◦ Pada pipa berlaku persamaan Darcy-Weisbach:
𝐿𝑉 2
ℎ𝑓 = 𝑓
2𝑔𝐷
◦ Pada aliran permukaan bebas, D = 4R dan S = hf/L, sehingga:
𝑉2
𝑆=𝑓
8𝑔𝑅
atau
8𝑔𝑅𝑆
𝑓=
𝑉2
Pengaruh Gravitasi
◦ Rasio gaya gravitasi terhadap inersia, Bilangan Froude:
𝑉
𝐹𝑟 =
𝑔𝐿
◦ V : kecepatan aliran rata-rata
◦ g : percepatan gravitasi
◦ L : Panjang karakteristik, pada saluran terbuka, L = D, kedalaman hidraulik
Flow Regime
 Varied,
Uniform, superkritis,
superkritis, turbulen
turbulen

Uniform, subkritis, laminer

Varied, subkritis,
turbulen
Flow
Uniform,
superkritis,
Regime
laminer
 KARAKTERISTIK
PENAMPANG ALIRAN
Faktor Koreksi Energi dan Momentum
Prinsip Energi dan Momentum