The document outlines the changes needed to convert direct speech to indirect speech, such as changing present tenses to past tenses and words like "here" and "now" to "there" and "then". For example, present tense becomes past tense, "here" becomes "there", and "today" becomes "that day". It provides examples of how the tense, time, and place references are altered for both single clauses and progressive/perfect constructions.
The document outlines the changes needed to convert direct speech to indirect speech, such as changing present tenses to past tenses and words like "here" and "now" to "there" and "then". For example, present tense becomes past tense, "here" becomes "there", and "today" becomes "that day". It provides examples of how the tense, time, and place references are altered for both single clauses and progressive/perfect constructions.
The document outlines the changes needed to convert direct speech to indirect speech, such as changing present tenses to past tenses and words like "here" and "now" to "there" and "then". For example, present tense becomes past tense, "here" becomes "there", and "today" becomes "that day". It provides examples of how the tense, time, and place references are altered for both single clauses and progressive/perfect constructions.
DIRECT SPEECH ≈ INDIRECT SPEECH DIRECT SPEECH ≈ INDIRECT SPEECH
PRESENT PAST HERE THERE
PRESENT PAST IN THIS PLACE IN THAT PLACE
PROGRESSIVE PROGRESSIVE PRESENT PERFECT PAST PERFECT NOW THEN
TODAY (ON) THAT DAY
PRESENT PAST PERFECT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE YESTERDAY (ON) THE PREVIOUS PROGRESSIVE DAY / ON THE DAY PAST PAST PERFECT BEFORE PAST PAST PERFECT LAST (ON) NIGHT/EVENING/ THE PREVIOUS PROGRESSIVE PROGRESSIVE WEEK NIGHT/EVENING/ FUTURE FUTURE IN THE WEEK PAST TOMORROW NEXT DAY/THE FUTURE FUTURE IN THE FOLLOWING DAY PROGRESSIVE PAST NEXT DAY/ THE FOLLOWING PROGRESSIVE WEEK DAY/WEEK FUTURE PERFECT FUTURE PERFECT THE DAY AFTER TWO DAYS LATER, IN THE PAST TOMORROW AFTER TWO DAYS AGO BEFORE FUTURE PERFECT FUTURE PERFECT PROGRESSIVE PROGRESSIVE IN THIS WEEK/ THAT WEEK/ THE PAST MONTH MONTH