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Name: Hameeda Shoukat Class: Bpa 5 Semester Roll No: 19 Subject: Statistics DPT: Public Administration
Name: Hameeda Shoukat Class: Bpa 5 Semester Roll No: 19 Subject: Statistics DPT: Public Administration
Q1.Marks obtained in a certain aptitude test by a group of 40 students are given bellow.
62 57 48 52 49 42 53 46 48 59 60 55 53 48
55 43 45 50 46 53 50 59 47 50 56 48 54 47
55 50 58 56 48 56 55 61 4 55 58 61
a) Prepare a frequency distribution with group of three unit each (e.g. 41 44, 44 47)
b) Determine the cut- off mark at which 8 students. Who secure the highest marks, will be selected for
Admission.
c) If management decided to select 12% students for admission, then calculate the minimum passing
Marks.
A.
=40
B. CUT OF MARKS
57 will be the cut off marks in which 8 students with highest (57) are selected.
C. Total students = 40
12% x 40 = 4.8 ~ 4
Q.2.A multinational company operating in Pakistan pays its employee’s weakly basis in US ($00)
according to the following schedule.
Q2:
C.I Frequency(F) X FX x2 fx 2 C.F
∑F=220 ∑Fx=1229 ∑F x 2
0 =768500
a) Mean:
x̄=∑fx/∑f
x̄=12290/220
x̄ =55.8636 55.86
Standard Deviation:
=√∑fx 2 /∑f-(∑fx/∑f) 2
=√768500/220-(12290/220) 2
=√3493.1818-(55.8636)
=√3493.1818-3120.7418
=√372.44
=19.2987
(b) Percentile
Percentile 60 = l+h/f (60 ∑f/100- CF
=50+10/46 (60(220)/100-82)
=50+10/46(50)
=50+500/46
=50+10.8696
Percentile 60 = 60.8696
C.I F C. B C.F
10-20 8 9.5-20.5 8
20-30 14 19.5-20.5 22
30-40 25 29.5-40.5 47
40-50 35 39.5-50.5 82
a)Mode
∑F=220
Fm−F 1
X ¿ =¿ L + ×L
2 Fm−F 1−F 2
46−35
X ¿ =49.5+ × 11
2 ( 46 )−35−39
11
X ¿ =49.5+
92−74 × 11
11
X^=49.5+ × 11
18
X ¿ =49.5+ 0.611×11
X ¿ =49.5+ 6.722
X ¿ =56.222
MEDIAN
= (∑2𝟊 ) n
= (2202) n
=110
L
( EF )
= L+ F 2−C . F
11 220
=49.5+ 46 (2−82)
=49.5+0.239(110-82)
=49.5+0.239(28)
=49.5+6.692
=56.192
3b. Calculate quartiles:
Lower quartile=Q1=?
Middle quartile=Q2= Median=56.089
Upper quartile=Q3=?
∑ 𝟊th 220th
First step: 4 value = 4 value= 55th value
∑𝟊
L= 40,¡=10, =55, C.F =47 and f=35
4
Since,
∑𝟊
Q1= L + 4 −C . Fס
F
Therefore,
55−47
Q1= 40+ 35
× 10
8
Q1= 40+ 35 ×10
Q1= 40+0.228× 10
Q1= 40+2.285
Q1=42.285
Upper quartile= Q2
3 (∑𝟊 ) th 3 (220 ) th
First step : value = value
4 4
660 th value
= 4
= 165th value
3(∑𝟊 )
L=60,
4
= 165, C.F =128,¡=¿ 10 and f=39
∑𝟊
Since,Q3=L+ 4 −C . Fס
F
THEREFORE:
+ 165−128
Q3=60 39
×10
37
Q3=60+ 39 ×10
Q3=60+0.9487×10
Q3=60+9.4871
Q3= 69.4871
Q.4.Following data show the advertising expenditure (X) and sales revenue (y) of a
particular industry.
X ($100) : 1 2 3 4 5
Y ($1000) : 2 2 4 5 6
X Y XY x2 Y2
1 2 2 1 4
2 2 4 4 4
3 4 12 9 16
4 5 20 16 25
5 6 30 25 36
∑X=15 ∑Y=19 ∑ XY =68 ∑ x2=55 ∑ Y2 =85
n ∑ XY −(∑ X )(∑ Y )
r=
√ n ∑ X 2−¿ ¿
( 5 )( 68 )−(15)(19)
r=
√ ( 5 ) ( 55 )−¿ ¿ ¿
340−285
r= 275−225 425−7225
√ √
55
r=
√50 √ 6800
55
r= ( 7.07 ) ( 82.462 ) ¿
¿
55
r = 583.007
r= 0.094
Solve:
X Y XY X2 Y2
1 2 2 1 4
2 2 4 4 4
3 4 12 9 16
4 5 20 16 25
4 6 30 25 36
∑X=15 ∑Y=19 ∑XY=68 ∑ X 2 =55 ∑Y 2=85
n ∑ XY −(∑ X )(∑ Y )
b= 2
n ∑ x 2−(∑ x)¿ ¿
5 ( 68 )−( 15 ) (19)
b=
5 ( 55 )−(15)2
340−285
b= 275−225
55
b= 50
b= 1.1
∑X
x̄= n
15
x̄ = 5
x̄ =5
∑Y
ȳ= n
19
ȳ=5
ȳ= 3.8
a= ȳ-b x̄
a=3.8-(1.1)(3)
a= 0.5
Y= a+bx
Y= 0.5+(1.1)(100)
Y= 0.5+ 110
Y= 110.5 ANS
Q.5. Define the following
Statistics
Descriptive statistics
Inferential Statistics
Population
Sample
Descriptive statistics
Descriptive data involves the collection, organization, summarization and interpretation of a
given data set, which can be either a representation of the entire/complete data or a sample
of a
population.
Inferential Statistics
Inferential statistics allows you to make predictions (“inferences”) from that data. With
inferential statistics, you take data from samples and make generalizations about a
population.
OR
It involves estimation or production or forecasting of population parameters on the basis of
sample information.
Population
A population is the entire pool from which a statistical sample is drawn. A population may
refer to an entire group of people, objects, events, hospital visits, or measurements. A
complete set of data is called population.
Sample
A sample data set contains a part, or a subset, of a population. The size of a sample is
always less than the size of the population from which it is taken. A fact or piece of data
obtained from a study of a large quantity of numerical data is
known as statistic.
Qualities of questionnaire
Qualities of questionnaire include:
I. Questions should be clear, simple and easy worded.
II. There should be minimum number of questions which cover all aspects of research, and
questions must be relevant.
III. It should not include questions that make biasness.
IV. Questions should be arranged in logical orders or equines.
V. We should not use double meaning questions.
Matrix Questions
Matrix questions are those which have similar set of responses.
For example: Strongly agree, agree, neutral, disagree, and strongly disagree.
Contingency Questions
Contingency questions are those which depend upon response of previous questions.
A question that is answered only if the respondent gives a particular response to a previous
question is contingency questions.
For example: Have you ever smoked a cigarette?
___Yes ___ No
If YES, how many times have you smoked cigarette?
-once
-2-5 times
-6-10 times
-more than 10 times
Ordinal variables:
On the other hand, a qualitative ordinal variable is a qualitative variable with
an order implied in the levels. For instance, if the severity of road accidents has been
measured on a scale such as light, moderate and fatal accidents, this variable is a
qualitative ordinal variable because there is a clear order in the levels.
Another good example is health, which can take values such as poor, reasonable,
good, or excellent. Again, there is clear order in these levels so health is in this case a
qualitative ordinal variable.
Age
Weight
Height