1) Graphitization occurs in carbon steels and 0.

5Mo steels after long-term

operation Temperature Range?
A) 800oF to 1100oF (427oC to 593oC)

2) Spheroidization temperature range?

a)  850oF to 1400oF (440oC to 760oC)

3) Spheroidization may cause a loss in …

A) Strength and/or creep resistance.

4) What material is prone for Temper Embitterment?

A) 2.25 Cr – Mo

5) CS – 0.5 mo low alloy steel at intermediate temperature prone for which

Damage Mechanism?
A) Straining Ageing

6) At what temperature of 885°F (475 oC) Embitterment takes place?

A) 600oF to 1000oF (316oC to 540oC).

7) 885°F (475 oC) Embitterment can not be detected by which of the following
method?
A) Metallographic examination

8) Sigma phase embitterment can be confirmed through?

A) Metallographic examination and impact testing.

9) Which are the Metals prone for Sigma phase embitterment?

A) SS300

10) What is the critical factor for brittle fracture occurs?

A) Charpy values

11) When brittle fracture occurs?

A) Temperatures below the Charpy impact transition temperature (or
ductile-to-brittle transition temperature),

12) Following steels are more prone for brittle fracture?

A) Equipment manufactured to the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code,
Section VIII, Division 1, prior to the December 1987 Addenda,

13) How brittle fracture looks / Morphology of Damage?

A) Largely of cleavage, with limited intergranular cracking and very little
microvoid coalescence.

14) How likelihood of brittle fracture can be reducing?

A) PWHT (not through inspection)

15) When Creep life gets reduced by Half?

A) Temperature increases 12 Deg or 15% increases of Stress.

16) What is the Threshold Temperatures for Creep of CS?

A) 700ºF

17) Causes of Thermal fatigue.

A) Thermal gradient through the thickness or along the length of a component

18) Where is the location of cark initiation?

A) The toe of the fillet weld,

19) How Thermal fatigue Morphology of Damage?

A) Dragger

20) At relatively low stress levels as a result of localized overheating leads to

A) Stress rupture.

21) Stress rupture damage causes bulging in the range of

A) 3 – 10%

22) How Stress rupture Morphology of Damage?

A) Fish mouth

23) When in steam generating equipment is a balance between the heat flow
from the combustion of the fuel and the generation of steam within the water
wall or generating tube gets disturb leads to damage…
A) Steam Blanketing

24) Appearance of Steam Blanketing?

A) Open burst with edges drawn to a near knife-edge.

25) Which combination materials prone for DMW

A) Ferrite steel and ASS.

26) Likelihood of DMW cracks location?

A) Toe of welding in HAZ.

27) Thermal fatigue is also a form of

A) Thermal shock.

28) Thermal Shock looks like.

A) Craze cracks.
29) Pure Erosion is termed as
A) Abrasive wear

30) What component prone for Erosion / Erosion – Corrosion

A) Downstream of letdown valves and block valves;

31) Appearance of Erosion / Erosion – Corrosion

A) Direction Pattern

32) Main reason for Cavitations

A) Inadequate NPSH can result in cavitations.

33) Which equipment prone for cavitation damage?

A) Turbulent flow

34) Appearance of Fatigue fracture

A) Clam shell / beach marks

35) When unsupported branch diameter is 3/4th near a compressor, what damage
mechanism you suspect?
A) Vibration induced fatigue.

36) Survey of cold wall equipment on-stream to locate hotspots.Preferred

method of inspection?
A) IR

37) Material cracked during PWHT, what could be the cause / Name of damage?
A) Reheating Cracking

38) What is other name for Reheating Cracking?

A) Stress relief cracking / stress relaxation

39) a question on Galvanic Coupling from Table 4- 4. for example which following
combination is potential for GC?
A) CS / SS 300 series.

40) What temperature range atmosphere metal experiences Maximum

corrosion?
A) High temperature up to 121 Deg C (but not more than 121 deg C)

41) Following increases the atmosphere corrosion rate?

A) Chlorides, H2S, fly ash and other airborne contaminates from cooling tower
drift, furnace stacks and other equipment accelerate corrosion.

42) What factor influences CUI?

A) Chlorides or SO2.

43) Which material is prone for CUI?

A) SS 300 series.

44) How to prevent CUI

A) High quality coatings, properly applied, can provide long term protection.

45) What is effect of Oxygen on cooling water corrosion?

A) Increasing O2 increases corrosion rate?

46) Which is prone for cooling water corrosion in fresh / brackish water?
A) HAZ of ERW CS materials.

47) What factors affect cooling water corrosion?

A) Increases in cooling water outlet temperature or process side inlet
temperature.

48) How Corrosion at ERW weld areas will appear?

A) Grooving along the weld fusion lines.

49) Boiler water corrosion in condensate return lines is due to?

A) Dissolved CO2

50) How boiler water corrosion due to CO2 appears?

A) Smooth grooving of the pipe wall.

51) CO2 corrosion rates can be as high as mpy?

A) 1000

52) What is location of CO2?

A) At bottom of surface (BOL)

53) What are the critical factors for Flue-Gas Dew-Point Corrosion?
A) Concentration of contaminants (sulfur and chlorides) and operating
temperature.

54) Generally what is dew point of sulfuric acid?

A) About 138 Deg C.

55) Generally what is dew point of HCl?

A) About 54 Deg C.

56) How MIC looks like?

A) Localized / Cup shaped pits under deposits.
57) Soil corrosivity is determined by which method?
A) ASTM STP 741.

58) What is most effective method to prevent soil corrosion?

A) Combination of a corrosion resistant coating and a cathodic protection
system.

59) What inspection methods are used for Caustic Corrosion detection?
A) UT scans and radiography

60) Dealloying combinations Table 4 – 5 (definitely one question)

61) Which metal is susceptible to graphitic corrosion?

A) Grey cast iron.

62) What are the factors influences the oxidation?

A) Composition and temperature

63) Table 4 – 6 mpy and temperature of various metals. Questions like CS can be
used till …. Temperature or at this temperature which metals can be used.

64) Which element accelerates the sulfidation?

A) Presence of Hydrogen.

65) Sulfidation occurs above which temperature?

A) 260 Deg C.

66) What inspection methods can be sued to detect Sulfidation?

A) External UT thickness and profile RT.

67) Question on inference of Modified McConomy curve without naming this

figure…like which metal is more resistance to sulfidation etc.

68) What are the factors favors Carburization?

A) High carbon phase activity and low oxygen potential.

69) Carburization takes mostly during

A) Decked cycles.

70) Decarburization associated with

A) HTHA in hydrogen service.

71) Appearance Pits usually form on the surface and may contain soot or
graphite dust DM?
A) Metal dusting.
72) In SS and high alloy steel how metal dusting appears?
A) Local, appearing as deep, round pits

73) Which metal got better resistance to Fuel Ash Corrosion?

A) 50Cr – 50Ni.

74) Which parts are prone for fuel ash corrosion?

A) Tube hangers and supports. (tubes are less prone)

75) Alligator kind of appearance is of DM?

A) Fuel Ash Corrosion

76) What is the temperature above which nitiridaing begins and becomes severe?
A) 316 Deg C and 482 Deg C.

77) What metal is highly resistant to ClSCC?

A) Nickel base alloys.

78) Usually what temperature cracking occurs?

A) 60 Deg C

79) What metals are not susceptible to Cl SCC?

A) Carbon steels, low alloy steels and 400 Series SS

80) Which inspection method can used to detect the Cl SCC?

A) Eddy current, UT and etc… (Not PT, VT and RT)

81) How Cl SCC damage looks like?

A) Spider Web

82) Which materials are prone for corrosion fatigue?

A) Deaerators of 1980s

83) How corrosion fatigue appears?

A) Rabbit ears

84) What metals are susceptible and more resistant for Caustic stress corrosion
cracking?
A) SS susceptible and Nickel base more resistant

85) Caustic stress corrosion cracking can be prevented by...for CS?

A) PWHT at 621 deg C

86) Question on 4 – 85 diagram. Temperature and PHWT to remember.

87) What metals are prone for ammonia Stress Corrosion Cracking (SCC)
A) Copper alloys.

88) CS is susceptible to SCC in which medium.

A) Anhydrous ammonia.

89) a question on 4.5.4.3 (B) with different combinations.\

90) a question on Table 4 – 7 different combination (esp mercury)

91) Following which fact may lead to HE?

A) Use of wet electrodes.