F. Distance and Displacement Components mean parts.

Hence, the components of the vector

1) Distance – scalar quantity in which direction is not mean the parts of a vector. A vector has an x-component/x-part
specified and a y-component/y-part.
d = total path taken (add all the values regardless of the
sign)
2) Displacement – change in position, has both magnitude
and direction
- Denoted by delta d (∆d); the triangle sign ∆ is
Greek for delta which means “change”
∆d = d2 – d1 wherein, d1 is the initial point and d2 is the
final point
Sample Problem for Displacement:
or
1) A jogger started at 3 m [N] to 9 m [S]
d2 = - 9 m
d1 = 3 m H. Speed and Velocity
∆d = - 9 m – (3 m)
Uniform motion – object moving at constant velocity in a
∆d = -12 m or 12 m [S]
straight path with a particular direction; when both the velocity
2) -1 m to -6 m
and direction remain the same
∆d = - 6 m – (-1 m)
∆d = - 5 m Velocity – displacement of an object over a time interval
Sample Problem for Distance: ∆d
V=
∆t
1) -6 m to 7 m = 13 m
2) + 2 m to -8 m = 10 m Sample Questions for Velocity:

G. Vector Components
Speed – distance over time; scalar

I. Branches of Physics
Classical (Prior 1900)
a) Mechanics – motion, work, force, energy and fluids
b) Heat & Thermodynamics – heat to mechanical
c) Optics – light and its properties
d) Electricity & Magnetism – electric charges and
magnetism
e) Wave Motion & Sound – different types of waves
Modern (Beyond 1900)
a) Nuclear Physics – atomic nucleus
b) General & Special Relativity – movement of light
c) Particle Physics – elementary particles; building blocks
of matter
d) Quantum Mechanics – nature and behavior of matter
and energy on the atomic and subatomic levels
J. Newton’s Laws of Motion
1) Law of Inertia – an object remains at rest unless a force
acts upon it; the lazy law
2) Law of Acceleration – speed, distance/displacement; an
object’s acceleration is equal to the net force divided by
the mass of the object; F=ma
3) Law of Interaction – for every action, there is an equal
and opposite reaction
K.Scientific Notation
Expressed as: Nx10n , where N is the number from 1-9 (usually
has one decimal place), x10 is the base, and n is the exponent
*if the value of n is negative (-), move the decimal place nth
places to the left
*if the value of n is positive (+), move the decimal place nth
places to the right
Steps on how to write in scientific notation:
1) Move the decimal place so that the only whole number
is a number from 1-9
2) If you moved to the left then the exponent is positive
3) If you moved to the right then the exponent is negative
Sample Problems:
1) 1391400 km = 1.4x106 km
2) 0.00000042 kg = 4.2x10-7 kg
*for operations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication,
division in scientific notation, just use calculator