Evaporation from the 

oceans is the primary mechanism supporting the surface-to-atmosphere portion of the

water cycle. After all, the large surface area of the oceans (over 70 percent of the Earth's surface is covered by
the oceans) provides the opportunity for such large-scale evaporation to occur. On a global scale, the amount
of water evaporating is about the same as the amount of water delivered to the Earth as precipitation. This
does vary geographically, though. Evaporation is more prevalent over the oceans than precipitation, while over
the land, precipitation routinely exceeds evaporation. Most of the water that evaporates from the oceans falls
back into the oceans as precipitation. Only about 10 percent of the water evaporated from the oceans is
transported over land and falls as precipitation. Once evaporated, a water molecule spends about 10 days in the
air.

Open gradation
An open gradation refers an aggregate sample with very little fine aggregate particles. This
results in many air voids, because there are no fine particles to fill them. On the gradation
graph, it appears as a curve that is horizontal in the small size range. [6]
Rich gradation
A rich gradation refers to a sample of aggregate with a high proportion of particles of small
sizes.[8]
Woven wire mesh sieves
Woven wire mesh sieves are according to technical requirements of ISO 3310-1. [9] These sieves
usually have nominal aperture ranging from 20 micrometers to 3.55 millimeters, with diameters
ranging from 100 to 450 millimeters.
Perforated plate sieves
Perforated plate sieves conform to ISO 3310-2 and can have round or square nominal apertures
ranging from 1 millimeter to 125 millimeters.[10] The diameters of the sieves range from 200 to 450
millimeters.
American standard sieves
American standard sieves also known as ASTM sieves conform to ASTM E11 standard. [11] The
nominal aperture of these sieves range from 20 micrometers to 200 millimeters, however these
sieves have only 8 inches (203 mm) and 12 inches (305 mm) diameter sizes.
Sieve analysis has, in general, been used for decades to monitor material quality based on particle
size. For coarse material, sizes that range down to #100 mesh (150μm), a sieve analysis and
particle size distribution is accurate and consistent.
However, for material that is finer than 100 mesh, dry sieving can be significantly less accurate. This
is because the mechanical energy required to make particles pass through an opening and the
surface attraction effects between the particles themselves and between particles and the screen
increase as the particle size decreases. Wet sieve analysis can be utilized where the material
analyzed is not affected by the liquid - except to disperse it. Suspending the particles in a suitable
liquid transports fine material through the sieve much more efficiently than shaking the dry material.
Sieve analysis assumes that all particle will be round (spherical) or nearly so and will pass through
the square openings when the particle diameter is less than the size of the square opening in the
screen. For elongated and flat particles a sieve analysis will not yield reliable mass-based results, as
the particle size reported will assume that the particles are spherical, where in fact an elongated
particle might pass through the screen end-on, but would be prevented from doing so if it presented
itself side-on.