National Textile University

BSc. Textile Engineering

Yarn Manufacturing

LAB REPORT
Course Title: Yarn Manufacturing
Semester: 3rd
Section: Garments

Experiment No. 9,10

Title of the Experiment
Observe the material flow in Card, Drawing, Roving, Ring frame, rotor
spinning and Auto cone.

Name: MUHAMMAD HUSNAIN AKHTAR

Registration Number: 18-NTU-0110
Title:

Observe the material flow in Card, Drawing, Roving, Ring frame, rotor spinning and Auto
cone.

Abstract:

In this experiment we observe the passage of material through different parts of spinning
machines. We run the card, drawing, roving, ring frame, rotor spinning auto cone. And note
all parts from which material flow. We also made line diagram of each machine.

Introduction:

We observe the material flow in Different machines of spinning department.

Carding Process:
A process in the manufacture of spun yarns whereby the staple is opened, cleaned, aligned,
and formed into a continuous, untwisted strand called sliver.
Input and output:
Lap Sliver
Objective of carding:
Main objectives of carding machine are fiber to fiber opening, removal of dust and trash,
alignment of fibers and give output as sliver.

Machine parts of carding machine.

1. Lap
2. Lap roller
3. Feed roller
4. Taker-in
5. Cylinder
6. Flats
7. Brush roller
8. Doffer
9. Stripping comb
10. Calendaring roller
11. Coiler
Drawing:

Input and output:

Sliver Sliver
Drawing machine consist of draw frames which has following tasks:

 Equalizing: To improve evenness of the sliver by doubling

 Parallelizing: To create parallel arrangement of fibres in the sliver by drafting
 Blending: To compensate the raw material variations by doubling
 Dust removal: To remove dust within the overall process by suctions
 Sliver formation: To make sliver and coil in a can by condensing and calendaring.

Machine parts of drawing:

1. Creel
2. Creel rollers
3. Electric roller
4. Drafting rollers
5. Calendar roller
6. Coiler calendar

Roving frame:

It is an intermediate process in which fibres are converted into low twist lea called roving.
The sliver which is taken from draw frame is thicker so it is not suitable for manufacturing of
yarn. Its purpose is to prepare input package for next process. This package is to prepare on a
small compact package called bobbins.

There are two main basic reasons for using roving frame

 The roving sliver is thick and untwisted. Because of it hairiness and fly are created. So the
draft is needed to reduce the linear density of sliver. The ring drafting arrangement is not
capable that it may process the roving sliver to make the yarn.
 Draw frame can represent the worst conceivable mode of transport and presentation of
feed material to the ring spinning frame.

Input and output:

sliver Roving
Parts in roving frame:

1. Creel
2. Guide rollers
3. Draft rollers
4. Flayers
5. Spindle
6. Bobbin

Ring frame:

Ring spinning is one of oldest machine oriented spinning techniques used for staple fiber
spinning. The staple fiber such as cotton and wool has to go through a series of processes
until reaching the finished product or the yarn package.

Input and output:

roving yarn
Objectives of Ring frame:

 To produce required count of yarn from the supplied roving by the drafting.
 To insert sufficient amount of twist to the yarn.
 To wind the yarn onto the bobbin.
 To build the yarn package properly.

Machine parts of ring frame.

1. Creel
2. Drafting rollers
3. Yarn guide
4. Traveller
5. Spindle
6. Bobbin
Rotor spinning:

Rotor Spinning is a more recent method of yarn formation compared to Ring Spinning. This
is a form of open-end spinning where the twist is introduced into the yarn without the need
for package rotation. Allowing for higher twisting speeds with a relatively low power cost.

Input and output:

sliver yarn
Machine parts of rotor spinning:

1. Feed roller
2. Comber roller
3. Navel
4. Rotor
5. Yarn guide
6. Nipper roller
7. Grooved drum
8. Package

Auto-cone:

Auto-cone is an advanced machine used in winding process to get a high quality yarn with

low man power. Here, threads are spliced automatically. Splicing means the process of
opening of broken ends and retwisting the ends after the removal of faults.

Input and output:

small package large package
Objectives:

 To make larger package from smaller one.

 To remove spinning defaults
 To wax the material
 To improve the quality of yarn

Machine parts of auto-cone:

1. Magazine
2. Balloon breaker
3. PEG
4. Yarn clearer (uster)
5. Tensioner
6. Yarn sucker pipe
7. Upper suction mouth
8. Splicing unit
9. Lower suction mouth
10. V-type guide
11. Groove drum
12. Spindle

Procedure:

First we start the card machine. The material from lap pass through feed roller and then taker-
in and after that it pass through cylinder and flats where fiber to fiber opening occur. After
opening it move to doffer and then stripping comb collect it and pass through calendar roller
which press the sheet and then it pass through coiler calendar roller and finally to can in form
of sliver.

Then we start drawing machine in this sliver cans arranged at creel. Sliver pass through creel
then electric rollers and drafting rollers after that it pass through coiler roller and then drawn
sliver add to can.

After draw frame we run roving frame the drawn sliver from cans pass through creel rollers
than sliver guide and drafting rollers after that it pass through roving guide and then it passes
reach bobbin passing through flyer. Flayer insert twist in roving.

Then we run Ring frame, the roving from creel pass through guide and drafting rollers after
that material pass through yarn guide and then yarn wound on bobbin by passing through
traveller. Traveller impart twist in yarn by dragging yarn.

Then we start rotor spinning machine. The material enters the machine through feed roller
then comber roller opens the material then material passing through navel enter the rotor
where twist impart in material and yarn made then it passes through nipping rollers and
wound on package.

And at last we run the auto-cone. we put the bobbins in magazine, the end catcher catches the
yarn ends, then yarn pass through uster it detects thickness variation and cut the yarn then
splicing unit splice the yarn, and it wound on package by using grooved drum.
Discussion:

Each part in each machine has its own importance. If we skip any part, it will affect our
production or quality. And spinning process have a sequence we have to follow this
sequence. E.g: We couldn’t use auto-cone before ring spinning.

Conclusion:

In whole process of spinning, the main mechanisms are opening, cleaning, drafting and
twisting. Without these yarn couldn’t be produced.