HOOP STRESS FOR CIRCULAR PIPES

AND TANKS
CE123 – LECTURE 2
STRESSES IN THIN-WALLED PRESSURE VESSEL

q THIN-WALLED CYLINDER

Ø the thickness of the metal is

less than 1/20 of the diameter
of the cylinder

Ø the wall thickness is less than

about 7% of the inner
diameter
STRESSES IN THIN-WALLED PRESSURE VESSEL

q THIN-WALLED CYLINDER

Ø can be assumed that the

variation of stress within the
metal is negligible, & that the
mean diameter is
approximately equal to the
inner diameter
STRESSES IN THIN-WALLED PRESSURE VESSEL

q THIN-WALLED CYLINDER

Ø used as boiler shells,

pressure tanks, pipes and
in other low pressure
processing equipment
STRESSES IN THIN-WALLED PRESSURE VESSEL

q THIN-WALLED CYLINDER

Ø when a thin cylinder is

subjected to internal
pressure, 3 mutually
perpendicular principal
stresses will be present in
the cylinder material
STRESSES IN THIN-WALLED PRESSURE VESSEL

q THIN-WALLED CYLINDER

Ø 3 mutually perpendicular
principal stresses:
ü Circumferential or Hoop
Stress
ü Longitudinal Stress
ü Radial Stress
STRESSES IN THIN-WALLED PRESSURE VESSEL

q THIN-WALLED CYLINDER

Ø HOOP STRESS:

ü the tensile stress produced by the

internal pressure that tends to
increase the diameter of the
cylinder
STRESSES IN THIN-WALLED PRESSURE VESSEL

q THIN-WALLED CYLINDER

Ø LONGITUDINAL STRESS:

ü the stress produced from a

longitudinal burst that would
occur if the internal pressure
becomes excessive
STRESSES IN THIN-WALLED PRESSURE VESSEL

q THIN-WALLED CYLINDER

Ø RADIAL STRESS:
ü the radial stress in thin
cylindrical shells can be
neglected as the radial
pressure is not generally high
and that the radial pressure
acts on a larger area
STRESSES IN THIN-WALLED PRESSURE VESSEL

q Equations for Determining Hoop and Longitudinal Stresses

Ø Let: P = intensity of internal pressure

L = length of the cylindrical shell
D = internal diameter of the cylindrical shell
T = thickness of the cylindrical shell
σt1 = hoop stress
σt2 = longitudinal stress
STRESSES IN THIN-WALLED PRESSURE VESSEL

q Equations for Determining Hoop

and Longitudinal Stresses
STRESSES IN THIN-WALLED PRESSURE VESSEL

q Equations for Determining Hoop

and Longitudinal Stresses
STRESSES IN THIN-WALLED PRESSURE VESSEL

q Equations for Determining Hoop

and Longitudinal Stresses
STRESSES IN THIN-WALLED PRESSURE VESSEL

q Equations for Determining Hoop

and Longitudinal Stresses
STRESSES IN THIN-WALLED PRESSURE VESSEL

q Equations for Determining Hoop

and Longitudinal Stresses
STRESSES IN THIN-WALLED PRESSURE VESSEL

q Equations for Determining Hoop

and Longitudinal Stresses
HOOP STRESSES AND TENSION

q SAMPLE PROBLEM 1

Ø A 600-mm diameter steel pipe, 10 mm thick carries water

with a head of 325 m. Determine the actual stress (in
MPa) in the pipe. If the head is increased to 500 m, what
will be the actual stress in the pipe? If the head is
increased to 500 m, what will be the required thickness
considering an allowable tensile stress of 113 MPa and
with an efficiency of connection of 80%?
SAMPLE PROBLEM 1:
 GIVEN:
 D = 600mm
 T = 10mm
 H = 325m
 REQUIRED:
 actual stress (in MPa)
 If the head is increased to 500 m, what will be the actual stress in the
pipe?
 If the head is increased to 500 m, what will be the required thickness
considering an allowable tensile stress of 113 MPa and with an
efficiency of connection of 80%?
SAMPLE PROBLEM 1:
 SOLUTION
1. S= PD/2T
S = [(9.81)(325)(0.6)]/[2(0.010)]
S = 95.65 MPa
2. S = PD/2T
S= [(9.81)(500)(0.6)]/[2(0.010)]
S= 147.15 MPa
3. 113(1000) = [9.81(500)(0.6)]/[2(0.8)(T)]
T = 16mm
HOOP STRESSES AND TENSION

q OTHER SAMPLE PROBLEMS

Please see separate sheet for other sample

problems
HOOP STRESSES AND TENSION

q ACTIVITY 1

ØA cylindrical container 8 ft high and 3 ft in diameter is

reinforced with two hoops a foot from each end. When it
is filled with water, determine the tension in the upper and
lower hoop.