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Quarter 1 - Module 4 Reflection of Light in Mirrors Week 6
Quarter 1 - Module 4 Reflection of Light in Mirrors Week 6
QUARTER 1 – MODULE 4
Reflection of Light in Mirrors
Week 6
1
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:
This hybrid module was collaboratively designed, developed and evaluated by the
Development and Quality Assurance Teams of SDO TAPAT to assist you in
helping the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while
overcoming their personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.
As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module.
You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to
manage their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and
assist the learners as they do the tasks included in the hybrid module.
For the learner:
This hybrid module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful
opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You
will be helped to process the contents of the learning resource while being an active
learner.
The following are some reminders in using this hybrid module:
1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the
hybrid module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer Let’s Try before moving on to the other activities included
in the hybrid module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and in checking your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this hybrid module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with
it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not hesitate
to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are not alone.
We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and
gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!
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Let’s Learn
In the previous hybrid module, you learned about electromagnetic spectrum. You gain
an understanding of the wavelengths of different regions of EM waves, practical applications,
and the effects of radiation in our daily lives.
In this hybrid module, you will study reflection as one of the properties of light. A closer
look into this property will be done through different observable examples and experimentation
using plane and curve mirrors. As you walk through with this module, you will be able to use
the laws of reflection to describe and explain how images are formed by mirrors. You will be
able to solve problems pertaining to the position and magnification of images formed by
mirrors.
After going through this hybrid module, you are expected to:
Let’s Try
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4. Cardo Dalisay stands 2-m tall in front of a plane mirror. What is the height of
his image?
A. 1 m B. 2 m C. 3 m D. 4 m
5. A light ray, traveling parallel to a concave mirror’s axis, strikes the mirror’s
surface. The reflected ray ____________.
A. Passes through the mirror’s focal point
B. Again, travel parallel to a concave mirror’s axis
C. Travels at right angles to the mirror’s axis
D. Passes through the mirror’s center of curvature
6. Where should an object be placed in front of a concave mirror so that the image will
have the same size as the object?
A. At the focus
B. At the center of curvature
C. Between focus and the vertex
D. Between focus and the center of curvature
7. What kind of mirror is used by Department stores to give a wider area and smaller
image of the shopper/buyers?
A. Plane mirror
B. Convex mirror
C. Concave mirror
D. All the kinds of Mirror
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15. A man 1.30 m tall stands 5.20 m from a concave mirror. If the image could be formed
on a screen 15 cm from the mirror, what is the size of the image?
A. 0.07 cm
B. 3.75 cm
C. 10.5 cm
D. 14.6 cm
Lesson
Reflection of Light in Mirrors
1
Have you noticed the word AMBULANCE in an ambulance car? How is it written? Did
you ever wonder why it is written that way?
Let’s Recall
Complete the K and W part in the given KWL CHART below. Write the things that you already
know in the previous lesson in the K part and what do you want to know more about the
present lesson in the W part.
Table 1: K-W-L Chart
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Let’s Explore
Reflection is the bouncing off of light rays when it hits a surface like a plane mirror. It
is the production of an image by or as if by a mirror. Reflection is the change in direction of a
wave front at an interface between two different media so that the wave front returns into the
medium from which it originated.
Objectives:
1. Determine the height, the width, and the distance from the mirror of the images formed
by plane mirrors.
2. Compare the actual height, width, and the distance from mirror of the object with that
of the image formed by plane mirror.
Materials:
Procedures:
1. Let the mirror stand vertically along a line of a graphing paper using a modeling clay
to support the plane mirror.
2. Using a pen, make three different marks along the intersections on the graphing paper
in front of a mirror.
3. Measure the distance of each mark from the mirror by counting the number of parallel
lines between the mark and the base of the plane mirror. Record your data in a table
given below.
4. Look at the images of the marks formed by plane mirror. Measure the distance of each
image from the mirror by counting the number of parallel lines between the image and
the base of the mirror. Record the data in the same table.
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Mark 1
Mark 2
Mark 3
5. Stack 10 pieces of 1-peso coins in front of the plane mirror. Using a ruler, measure the
height, the width of the stack of coins. Measure also the height and the width of the
images seen on the mirror. Enter your measurements in a similar table below.
Table 3: Data of Height and Image
Description Object Image
Height (cm)
Width (cm)
Guide Questions:
1. Refer to the Table 2, compare the distance (number of parallel lines) from the mirror
of the object with that of the image.
2. How do the height and the width of the object compare with the height and width of the
image?
Let’s Elaborate
Laws of Reflection
Light travels in a straight line until it strikes the object. If the object is opaque, like a
piece of wood, the transmission is interrupted. If the object is transparent, like a piece of glass,
light passes through.
The angle of incidence is equal to
the angle of reflection for any ray directed
towards a plane mirror. This is true even
when a ray strikes a plane mirror directly,
since the value of both angles is zero, and
it holds without expectation for all reflecting
θi=θr
surfaces. Therefore, we can use the term
Type equation here.when describing this relationship
“law”
between the angle of incidence and the
angle of reflection. Also, the incident ray,
the normal line, and the reflected ray all lie
in the same plane. This is another law of
Figure 1 reflection.
TYPES OF REFLECTION:
1. Specular or Regular Reflection. This reflects light on smooth surfaces such as mirrors
or a calm body of water.
2. Diffused or Irregular Reflection. This reflects light on rough surfaces such as clothing,
paper, wavy water and the asphalt roadway.
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The following link will help you further understand the
above concept. Please click and watch the given link below:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dwxaq4c9K6k
Multiple Images
Multiple images are formed by the reflection that happens when arranging at least two
mirrors. The number of images can be determined using the formula N = (360/angle between
the mirror) – 1. Parallel mirrors on the other hand produce infinite number of images.
This explains why the word AMBULANCE in an ambulance car is flipped. This effect
is known as mirror left and right reversal. The left side of the object appears as the right side
of the image and the right side appears as the left.
https://www.slideshare.net/OhMiss/curved-mirrors
Figure 2: Curved Mirrors
The terms used with curved mirrors are the following:
• The center of curvature (C) is the center of the sphere of which the mirror is a part.
• The aperture is the angular opening of the sphere that encloses the mirror.
• The vertex (V) is the center of the mirror.
• The principal axis is the line which passes through the center of curvature (C) and the vertex
(V).
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• Point F is the principal focus and is at midpoint of the principal axis. The distance from the
point F to the vertex (V) is called the focal length.
• Any other line drawn through the center of curvature to the mirror is called secondary axis.
• The normal is any line drawn from the surface of the mirror perpendicular to the tangent to the
surface.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curved_mirror#/media/File:Convex_mirror1.svg
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curved_mirror#/media/File:Convex_mirror1.svg
1.P-F Ray. A ray of light parallel to the 1. P-F Ray. A ray of light parallel to the
principal axis is reflected passing through principal axis is reflected as if passing
the principal focus, F. through the principal focus, F.
C F V V F C
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2.F-P ray. A ray of light passing through the 2.F-P ray. A ray of light is directed towards
focus, F is reflected parallel to the principal the focus, F is reflected parallel to the
axis. principal axis.
C F V V F C
3.C-C ray. A ray of light passing through the 3.C-C ray. A ray of light passing through the
center of curvature, C reflects along its own center of curvature, C reflects along its own
path. path.
C F V V F C
4.V-ray. A ray of light directed to the vertex 4.V-ray. A ray of light directed to the vertex
reflects at equal angle from the principal reflects at equal angle from the principal
axis. axis.
θ
C θ F V V F C
In the previous activity, you used plane mirrors and located the object distance (p) and
the image distance (q) and found out that p is equal to q. In plane mirrors, the image appears
as if it is behind the mirror but not, so the image is virtual. The value therefore of image
distance, q is negative. The height of the image, hi in plane mirrors is always the same as the
height of the object (ho), thus its magnification, M is 1. The magnification formula is written
below:
Height of image = distance of the image from the mirror
Height of object distance of object from the mirror
ℎ𝑖 𝑑𝑖
ℎ𝑜
=𝑑𝑜
This is called the magnification equation. The ratios hi/ho and di/do are called the
magnification (M). For the magnification to be large, the object must be closer to the mirror.
In most cases, the reverse is true, and the image is smaller than the object.
ℎ𝑖 𝑑𝑖
𝑀= 𝑀=
ℎ𝑜 𝑑𝑜
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An image that can be formed on a screen is called real image. An image that cannot
be formed on a screen is called virtual image. The image formed in a pinhole camera is a
real one.
In physics, the characteristics of an image are stated in terms of its orientation (erect
or inverted), its size (larger, smaller or the same size in comparison with the object) and its
type (real or virtual). The characteristics of the image formed in a pinhole camera are inverted,
smaller and real.
The following link will help you further understand the
above concept. Please click and watch the link given below:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g_5_4Ktamf8
Ray diagrams provide useful information about the image formed yet fail to provide
the information in a quantitative form. Ray diagrams will help you determine the location and
size of the image, but it will not provide you with the numerical information about image
distance and image size. To determine the exact location and size of the image formed in
curved mirror, an equation is needed.
Try to do this! Derive the mirror equation based from the diagram below.
q
q p
p
f f
h
h
h’ h’
’
From the first and fourth rays, similar triangles are seen in the figure 4 above. From the
height of the object, h and the height of the image, h’ shown in the figure 4 (a), you can
arrive at the first equation:
Equation 1 ℎ′ 𝑞 − 𝑓
=
ℎ 𝑓
Similarly, as shown in Figure 4(b), the second equation can be derived as:
Equation 2 ℎ′ 𝑞
=
ℎ 𝑝
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Sample Problem.
Suppose that the height of the object is 5.00 cm at 40 cm from the concave mirror. What is
the height and the distance of the image from the mirror?
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
= +
𝒇 𝒑 𝒒
Facts:
ho = 5.00 cm
p = 40 cm
f = 20 cm
Required:
hi = ?
q = ?
Equation:
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
= +
𝒇 𝒑 𝒒
Solution and Answer:
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
= +
𝟐𝟎𝒄𝒎 𝟒𝟎 𝒄𝒎 𝒒
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
− =
𝟐𝟎𝒄𝒎 𝟒𝟎 𝒄𝒎 𝒒
𝟒𝟎𝒄𝒎 − 𝟐𝟎𝒄𝒎 𝟏
=
(𝟐𝟎𝒄𝒎)(𝟒𝟎𝒄𝒎) 𝒒
𝟐𝟎𝒄𝒎 𝟏
=
(𝟖𝟎𝟎𝒄𝒎) 𝒒
𝟖𝟎𝟎𝒄𝒎
𝒒=
𝟐𝟎 𝒄𝒎
𝒒 = 𝟒𝟎𝒄𝒎
To determine the image height, the magnification equation is needed. Since three of the four
quantities in the equation is known, the fourth quantity can be calculated.
𝒉𝒊 −𝒒
=
𝒉𝒐 𝒑
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𝒉𝒊 −𝟒𝟎𝒄𝒎
=
𝟓. 𝟎𝟎𝒄𝒎 𝟒𝟎𝒄𝒎
(−𝟒𝟎𝒄𝒎)(𝟓. 𝟎𝒄𝒎)
𝒉𝒊 =
𝟒𝟎𝒄𝒎
−𝟐𝟎𝟎𝒄𝒎
𝒉𝒊 =
𝟒𝟎𝒄𝒎
−𝟐𝟎𝟎𝒄𝒎
𝒉𝒊 =
𝟒𝟎𝒄𝒎
𝒉𝒊 = −𝟓𝒄𝒎
The negative value for image height indicates that the image is an inverted image. It proves
that the distance of the object from the concave mirror is equal to the distance of the image
from the mirror. The height of the object is also equal but opposite to the height of the image.
Therefore, it is true that when the object is placed at the center of curvature, its image is also
located at the C.
Let’s Dig In
Objectives:
• Identify the relationship between the number of images formed and the angle
between two mirrors.
• Use the gathered data to derive the formula for determining the number of
images formed when two mirrors are kept at a certain angle.
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120°
110°
100°
90°
60°
45°
30°
Questions:
1. What happens to the number of images formed as you vary the angle between the
mirrors?
2. What relationship exists between the number of images formed and the angle between
two mirrors?
3. Use the data in the given table to derive the formula for determining the number of
images formed by two mirrors.
4. How should the mirrors be arranged such that an infinite number of images will be
formed or seen?
Directions: Construct ray diagrams to determine the location, orientation, size and type of
images (L-O-S-T) formed by curved mirror. Use different ink colors for each kind of ray.
A.
L-
O-
S-
C F V
T-
B.
L-
O-
S-
C F V T-
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C.
L-
O-
C F V S-
T-
D.
L-
O-
C F V S-
T-
E.
L-
O-
S-
V F C
T-
F.
L-
O-
S-
T-
V F C
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Activity 4: Mirror Equation
Direction: Complete the Table below. Use a separate sheet of paper to answer the
following.
Table 6: Concave and Convex Mirror data Using Mirror Equation
p q f hi ho
CONCAVE 10.0 cm ? 6.0 cm ? 5.00 cm
MIRROR 15.0 cm ? 6.0 cm ? 5.00 cm
20.0 cm ? 6.0 cm ? 5.00 cm
CONVEX 12.0 cm ? 5.0 cm ? 5.00 cm
MIRROR 14.0 cm ? 5.0 cm ? 5.00 cm
18.0 cm ? 5.0 cm ? 5.00 cm
Let’s Remember
Complete the L part in the given KWL CHART below. Write the things that you have
LEARNED from the lesson.
K-W-L Chart
What I Know What I Want to Know What I have Learned
(K) (W) (L)
Let’s Apply
Directions: From the ray diagram activity, complete the given table below.
Table 7: Concave and Convex Mirror LOST Difference
Location of the Location Orientation of Size of the Type of
object of the the Image Image Image
Image
CONCAVE MIRROR
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At C
Outside C
Bet. C and F
Bet. F and the
Mirror
CONVEX MIRROR
At C
Outside C
Bet. C and F
Bet. F and the
Mirror
Let’s Evaluate
5. It is a curved mirror in which the reflective surface bulges away from the light source.
A. Concave Mirror C. Plane Mirror
B. Convex Mirror D. Concave lens
6. Why it is that Concave mirror is also known as Converging Mirror?
A. Because the parallel incident rays converge at a focal point before reflection
B. Because the parallel incident rays converge at a focal point after reflection
C. Because the parallel incident rays diverge at a focal point before reflection
D. Because the parallel incident rays diverge at a focal point after reflection
7. Which of the following is a curved mirror in which the reflective surface bulges towards
the light source?
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A. Concave Mirror C. Plane Mirror
B. Convex Mirror D. Concave lens
Refer to the diagram below:(8-10)
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Let’s Extend
Directions. Work on the Mirror worksheets given the links below. Write your answer on a
separate sheet of paper.
❖ allenbhs.weebly.com/uploads/8/3/1/4/8314230/14-10a10b_-_key_-_mirror_ws.pdf
❖ https://assets.gpb.org/files/pdfs/gpbclassroom/physics/mirrorsWkst.pdf
❖ https://iblog.dearbornschools.org/singley/wp-
content/uploads/sites/781/2018/03/more-mirror-equation-worksheet.pdf
References
Printed Materials:
Herma D. Acosta et. al, Science Learners Materials 10, First Edition 2015 DepEd-Bureau of Secondary
Education Curriculum Development Division,pp. 181-203
Gil Nonato S. Santos et. Al, O-Physics IV, First Edition 2009, Rex Bookstore Publishing, 2009, pp. 27-30.
Delia Cordero-Navaza et al, Science and Technology Physics, Second Edition, SIBS Publishing House, Inc.
2001, pp. 383-399
Delia C. Navaza et.al, You and the Natural World, Third Edition, Phoenix Publishing House, Inc., pp. 315-356
Eden V. Evangelista et. Al, Science in Today’s World 10, SIBS Publishing House, Inc., pp. 118- 133
Ellen Brock, et. Al, Physics for Fun, Sopris West, Inc., pp. 33-42
Electronic Sources:
https://physics.tutorvista.com/light/concave-mirror.html
https://www.nextgurukul.in/wiki/concept/cbse/class-10/science/light-reflection-and-refraction/spherical-
mirrors/3957989
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_EtTmKqc1wM
https://i3.wp.com/slideplayer.com/5279712/17/images/17/Ray+Diagram+for+a+Concave+Mirror%2C+p+%3E+R.j
pg
http://www.studyphysics.ca/newnotes/20/unit04_light/chapter18_mirrorslenses/lesson61.htm
https://valvehome.us/ray-diagram-definition/ray-diagram-definition-convex-reflect-equation-physics-tutorvista/
https://www.kullabs.com/classes/subjects/units/lessons/notes/note-detail/266
https://www.google.com.ph/search?q=ray+diagram+in+curved+mir
http://physicsmadeeasier.blogspot.com/2013/02/rays-for-image-formation-in-reflection.html
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curved_mirror#/media/File:Convex_mirror1.svg
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curved_mirror#/media/File:Convex_mirror1.svg
http://aallenbhs.weebly.com/uploads/8/3/1/4/8314230/14-10a10b_-_key_-_mirror_ws.pdf
https://assets.gpb.org/files/pdfs/gpbclassroom/physics/mirrorsWkst.pdf
https://iblog.dearbornschools.org/singley/wp-content/uploads/sites/781/2018/03/more-mirror-equation-
worksheet.pdf
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Development Team of the Module
Writer: JAYAR E. LONGASA-MT I-WBNHS
Content Evaluator:
Merlin R. Favila- PNHS- Teacher III
Reviewers:
Avelyn R. Argente - BNHS-Master Teacher I
Mary Ann T. Ares – SVNHS – Master Teacher I
Shirley A. Espanillo-WBNHS-Head Teacher VI
HYBRID MODULE TEAM:
DR. MELEDA POLITA – SDS (Ret.)
DR. REA MILANA-CRUZ – (School Principal IV-WBNHS)
JAYAR E. LONGASA – MT I (WBNHS)
Management Team:
DR. MARGARITO B. MATERUM - Schools Division Superintendent
DR. GEORGE P. TIZON -SGOD - Chief
DR. ELLERY G. QUINTIA -CID - Chief
DR. MARIVIC T. ALMO - Education Program Supervisor- Science
DR. DAISY L. MATAAC - Education Program Supervisor- LRMS/ALS
Schools Division of Taguig city and Pateros Upper Bicutan Taguig City
Telefax: 8384251
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