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Science
Quarter 2 – Module 5:
Optical Instruments
Science – Grade 10
Supplementary Learning Resource
Quarter 2 – Module 5 : Optical Instruments
First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education

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Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio

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Writer : Ma. Cristina L. Panganiban
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Layout Artist : Dulce B. Dela Cruz
Management Team:
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Science
Quarter 2 - Module 5:
Optical Instruments
 Introductory Message
For the facilitator:

This module has 5 lessons about the application of mirror and lenses. The first lesson is
about Camera, followed by The Periscope, third is the Microscope , fourth is the telescope
and the last lesson is about the Magnifying lens. Learners will have to answer the pre-test,
self- test and post-test on a separate sheet.

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies that will help
you in guiding the learners.

For the learner:

This module was designed to give you activities and lessons with fun and excitement,
for you to keep going despite the current situation. You will be given challenging activities that will
cater opportunities to the learners.
This Supplementary Learning Resource can be used by anyone in Grade 10 level.
It is all about Optical Instruments. This can help you develop critical and creative thinking,
in analyzing situations around us. As you study the lessons, may you achieve the
competency needed and be able to use it in everyday life. Good luck!!

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This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

This will give you an idea of the skills or

competencies you are expected to learn in the
What I Need to Know
module.
This part includes an activity that aims to check
What I Know what you already know about the lesson to
take. If you get all the answers correct (100%),
you may decide to skip this module

What’s In This is a brief drill or review to help you link

the current lesson with the previous one.
In this portion, the new lesson will be
introduced to you in various ways such as a
What I New story, a song, a poem, a problem opener, an
activity, or a situation.
This section provides a brief discussion of the
What is It lesson. This aims to help you discover and
understand new concepts and skills.
This comprises activities for independent
practice to solidify your understanding and
What’s More skills of the topic. You may check the answers
to the exercises using the Answer Key at the
end of the module.
This includes questions or blank sentences/
What I have Learned
paragraphs to be filled in to process what you
learned from the lesson.
This section provides an activity that will help
What I can Do you transfer your new knowledge or skill into
real-life situations or concerns.
This is a task which aims to evaluate your
Assessment level of mastery in achieving the learning
competency.
In this portion, another activity will be given to
you to enrich your knowledge or skill of the
Additional Activities lesson learned. This also tends to the retention
of learned concepts.
This contains all the answers in the activities in
the module.
Answer Key

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At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in developing this module.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the module.
Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities included
in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.

If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not hesitate to
consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are not alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and gain deep
understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

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 What I Need to Know
This module was developed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you
to understand the mirror and lenses application. The scope of this module permits it
to be used in many different learning situations. The language used recognizes the
diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons are structured to follow the
standard sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them can be
changed to correspond with the textbook you are now using.
The module is divided into four lessons, namely:
 Lesson 1: The Camera
 Lesson 2: Microscope
 Lesson 3: Periscope
 Lesson 4: Telescope
After going through this module, you are expected to:

Identify ways in which the properties of mirrors and lens (IIh -52)
Specifically learners should be able to meet the following objectives:
 Explain the factors that affect the image formed on a camera
 Investigate the factors affecting the magnification capabilities of a microscope
 Investigate the factors affecting the magnification capabilities of a Telescope
 Trace the incident and reflected rays in a periscope
 Account for the magnifying power of a lens

What I Know

Direction: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write it on a separate sheet of
paper.

1. _____ is the study of visible light and the ways it can be used to extend human
vision and do other tasks
a. Thermodynamics b. Sound c. Optics d. mechanics
2. Optical instruments include
a) microscopes.
b) telescopes
c) cameras.
d) all of the above

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 3. True or false: Optical instruments use lenses and mirrors to form images.
a. True b. False c. Neither a or b d. Can’t be determine
4. A compound microscope has
a) two concave lenses
b) two convex lenses
c) one concave lens and one convex lens
d) none of the above
5. True or false: The magnifications of all the lenses of a microscope are added
together to yield the overall magnification.
6. The part of a camera that focuses light to form an image is the
a) aperture. b) shutter. c) lens. d) film or sensor.
7. In which of the following instruments, the objective has a large focal length and a
very large eyepiece?
a) A simple microscope
b) A compound microscope
c) Telescope
d) Periscope
8. ___________ is used in submarines to see objects above the water surfaces.
a. Kaleidoscope b. MRI c. Periscope d. telescope
9. At what angles are mirrors in a periscope positioned?
a. 300 b. 450 c. 600 d. 900
10. The final image formed in a periscope is _____________________
a. both real and virtual b. reflected c. real d. none of the above
11. _____________ are devices which process light wave to enhance an image for
more clear view
a. mirror b. optical devices c. lens d. all of the above
12. A lens’ focusing system moves the glass piece closer or farther from the sensor
or film, allowing the photographer to adjust the lens so that the object is sharp.
a. True b. False c. Either true or false d. incomplete Information
13. A number that is directly related to the resolving power
a. Magnification b. Numerical Aperture c. Principal axis d. Vertex
14. A periscope works on the reflection of light from two plane mirror arranged
____________ to one another
a. perpendicular b. equal c. parallel d. opposite
15. The most common two-lens telescope , uses two _____________ lenses
a. concave b. convex c. plane d none of these

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 Lesso
n
The Camera
1
What’s In

The module consists of the first part of the Pre Test and the last part of the
Post Test. To allow students to understand it clearly, a simple discussion for each
lesson is written in the module. Simple operations would also need to be conducted
to answer questions from the guide.

What’s New
In this phase, varied learning experiences shall be introduced to help you
understand the processes along convergent plate and equip you with skills and
knowledge for you to be successful throughout the topic. This involves acquiring
scientific knowledge which is about accessing information focusing on convergent
plate boundaries.

Optical tools are instruments that process light waves to improve an image for
a clearer view. Using optical tools such as a magnifying lens or other complex
instrument such as a microscope or telescope usually makes things bigger and
allows us to see things in more detail. The use of converging lenses makes objects
look larger and, on the other hand, you still get smaller images from diverging
lenses. It is important to note that when using a converging lens, if an object is at a
greater distance, the image is reduced and would be far closer to the focal point.
While the object continues moving in the direction of the lens, the image moves and
enlarges beyond the focal point. The image and object would be of the same size
when the object is positioned at 2F, which is twice the focal distance from the lens.
As the object moves from 2F to the focal point (F), the image begins to travel out of
the lens and extends until when the object hits the focal point, F, it goes to infinity.

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object moves closer to the lens, the image moves from negative infinity in the
direction of the lens and becomes smaller as the object is closer to the lens.

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 What is It

1.8 billion images are posted on the web every day, pausing life and
converting moments into digital information pixels. But how is it that a
camera takes everything we see and transforms it into digital pixels? How
do cameras freeze time? In reality, photography is just as much a science
as it is an art, but a large majority do not realize what happens every time
they press the button of the camera or open a camera app for a
smartphone. How does a camera work, then? -- time you push the button,
here's what happens and how to use a camera to take better
photographs.
Imagine you're standing with no walls , doors or lights in the middle of
a room. What are you seeing? Oh, nothing, because the light isn't there.
Imagine pulling out a flashlight now and flipping it on. In a straight line,
the light from the flashlight passes. The light bounces off the item and
into your eyes when that beam of light hits an object, allowing you to see
whatever is within the room..All light act just like that flashlight — it
travels in a straight line. Although, light bounces off of objects as
well, which is what help us to see and photograph objects. When light
bounces off an object, it continues to travel in a straight line, but it
bounces back at the same angle that it comes in at.
That implies that in all sorts of different directions, light rays are
basically bouncing everywhere. A space with a small hole on one side
of the wall was actually the first camera. Light would pass through the
hole and the image would be projected on the opposite wall, upside
down, as it is mirrored in straight lines. Although devices like this
existed long before true photography, the birth of photography was not
until someone decided to put light-sensitive material at the back of that
room. When light reached the material, which consisted of objects from
glass to paper during the history of photography, the chemicals
responded to light, etching an image on the surface.

HOW DOES A CAMERA WORK? THE LENS ?

Since the first camera did not catch much light, a single photograph
actually took eight hours to take. Also, the image was very fuzzy. So how
are we capable of taking sharp images today in milliseconds? A lens for a
camera.

While light bounces off objects, it can pass through objects as well,

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but it can actually change direction as it does. All light rays bouncing
around are captured by a camera lens and glass is used to redirect them
to a single point, producing a sharp image.
On a digital camera sensor or a piece of film, when all of those light
rays meet together, they produce a sharp image. The image can appear
fuzzy or out-of-focus when the light does not intersect at the correct
point. The focusing mechanism of a lens pushes the piece of glass closer
or farther from the sensor or film, enabling the photographer to change
the lens to make the object sharp.
In the way camera lenses are able to zoom in, distance also plays a
part. Objects get closer as the front piece of glass moves farther away
from the camera sensor. Focal length is the measurement of the interval
from where the lens first reaches the light rays and where the camera
sensor is reached. For instance, the light takes 300 mm to be focused
back into a sharp point on the camera sensor on a lens with a 300 mm
focal length. A 300 mm lens is consider a telephoto, or a lens that can
carry distant objects close to each other.

HOW DOES A CAMERA WORK? FILM AND DIGITAL SENSORS

The light is captured and focused by a camera lens, but how is that
information recorded? Photographers were, historically, chemists of sorts as
well. Film is made up of materials that are sensitive to light. As these materials
are struck with light from the lens, the form of the objects and information such
as how much light comes from them are captured. The film that was exposed
to the light is again placed in a series of chemical baths in the dark room to
finally produce the image. How do digital cameras operate, then? Although the
lenses, methods and terminology are the same, the sensor of a digital camera
more closely resembles a solar panel than a film strip. Each sensor is divided
into millions (i.e. megapixels) of red , green and blue pixels. The sensor
converts it to energy when light reaches the pixel, and a computer built inside
the camera reads how much energy is produced..
Measuring how much energy each pixel has helps the sensor to
decide which light and dark areas of the image are. And since each pixel
has a color value, by looking at what other nearby pixels have registered,
the camera's computer can estimate the colors in the picture. The
computer is able to estimate the forms and colors in the scene by placing
the details from all the pixels together.
If light information is captured by each pixel, then camera sensors
with more megapixels can capture more detail. That is why manufacturers
also advertise the megapixels of a camera. While to some degree that's
real, the size of the sensor is important as well. For low light scenes,
bigger sensors can collect more light , making them better performers.

Self-Test

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 Direction: A. Write True if the statement is correct and False if the statement
incorrect. Write your answer in your notebook.

_____1. Light travels in a curved path.

_____2. Light bounces off of object, which allows us to see and
photograph
objects.
_____3. In a camera , the image is projected in an upside down
_____4. A camera lens takes all the light rays to interfere and uses glass
to
redirect them to a single point, creating a sharp image .
_____5. A camera lens collects and focuses the light

Lesso
n
The Microscope
2
Modern biologists deal with components of living organisms, tissues , cells and
biomolecules that are relatively tiny. An instrument that can magnify (or, more
accurately, render magnified images) is necessary to actually see them. The
instrument designed for this purpose is the compound microscope.

The Compound Microscope

A magnifier or a lens is required (a piece of glass that makes it appear larger) to
magnify an image. But there is a limit on how much objects can be made bigger by a
simple magnifier: that is, about 8-10 times. To increase this magnification, lenses
must be added, one behind another (compounded). We can magnify the image up to
2000 times its size in this manner. The classic compound microscope magnifies in
two steps: first with an objective lens that produces an enlarged image of the object

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in a 'real' image plane. This real image is then magnified by the ocular lens or
eyepiece to produce the virtual image.

figure.1

A microscope can be created with two convex lens. The objective lens is located
close to the object to be viewed. It forms an upside-down and magnified image
called a real image because the light rays actually pass through the place where the
image lies. The ocular lens, or eyepiece lens, serve as a magnifying glass for this
real image. The ocular lens makes the light rays scatterd further, so that they appear
to come from a large inverted image beyond the objective lens. Because light rays
do not actually pass through this location, the image is called a virtual image.
The most important consideration for image formation with the objective lens
other than its magnification or power is its numerical aperture. This is a number
that is directly related to the resolving power of the objective. It is a critical aspect in
obtaining a useful microscopic image.

Magnification

Magnification is the extent to which the image of the specimen, viewed under the
microscope, is enlarged.
Enlargement occurs in two stages:
1. at the objective lens (at this stage it's called the real image)
2. the eyepiece or ocular lens further enlarges the real image (called the virtual
image).

Resolving power
Resolving power is the ability to differentiate two objects (that is, the ability to
observe detail) that are close together as separate objects. Through their unaided
eye, most individuals may resolve items that are 0.1 mm apart or greater. The
microscope gives a much higher resolution,

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Numerical aperture (NA)

The numerical aperture of a lens system is a measure of the light gathering

capacity of the lens system and determines its resolving power and depth of field.

Self-Test

Direction: Fill in the blanks with the correct answer. Write your answer in your
notebook.
1. A ________________________ is needed to magnify an image in a
microscope.
2. The objective lens in a classic compound microscope produces a/an
__________ image of an object in a real image.
3. The objective lens produces an upside –down and magnified image called
__________________.
4. In classic compound microscope , enlargement of the object occurs in two
stages;’ ______________________ and ________________________.
5. The ocular lens makes the light rays spread more forming a ___________.

Lesso
n
The Periscope
3
In our previous discussion it is said that , if the rays of light reflected by a plane
mirror are incident on another plane mirror , then the reflected rays are reflected
again. He reflected rays of the first plane mirror becomes the incident rays for the
second plane mirror. An optical instrument or device in which light is reflected is
called Periscope.

A periscope is a long tubular device through which person can see objects that
are out of direct line of sight.

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 By using a periscope , we can see the objects on the other side of a high wall which
cannot be seen by us directly. The periscope makes use of two plane mirrors to see
over the top of things.
Principle of a Periscope
A periscope works on the reflection of light from two plane mirrors arranged
parallel to one another. It consists of a long T tube with two plane mirrors M1 and
M2 at its two ends (see Fig.2). In such a way that they are parallel to each other and
their reflecting surfaces face each other, the two plane mirrors are fitted. Each plane
mirror, however, gives the side of the tube an angle of 450. The periscope tube has
two holes: one hole is in front of the M1 top mirror and the other hole is in front of the
M2 bottom mirror.
The upper periscope hole is turned towards the object to be seen in such a way
that the object is faced by the top mirror M1. We look into the periscope from the
bottom hole in front of lower mirror M2. The rays of light coming from an object fall
on the M1 plane mirror. Mirror M1 represents the reflected rays of light through the
lower hole into the eye of the person looking through the periscope. Because the
light rays coming from the object enter the eye of person or observer 's eye, the
reflection of the object can be seen through the periscope.
Some of the Uses of Periscope
 A periscope is used to see over the heads of a crowd
 A periscope is used by soldiers sitting in a trench to observe the enemy
activities outside (over the ground)
 A periscope is used by a navy officer sitting in a submarine to see ships over
the surface of water in the sea (even though the submarine itself may be
submerged under water)

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 Reflected light can be reflected again enables a person to see the hair cut at
the back of his head at a hair dresser’s shop. After giving the hair cut to a
person, the hair dresser hold a small plane mirror behind the head of the
person. The light coming from hair at the back of head is reflected by this
small mirror on to a big mirror which is in the front of the person. This big
mirror reflects the reflected light again due to which the person can see the
image of the back hair of his head showing how the hair have been out at the
back side of his head

Self-Test

Direction: Answer the following questions in one or two sentences. Write your
answer in your notebook.
1. Explain the kind of image formed in a periscope.
2. How are the two plane mirrors in a periscope arranged:
a) with respect to one another?
b) with respect to the ends of the tube?

Lesson
The Telescope
4
Telescopes are designed to view distant objects, creating a wider image that is l
than the image that can be seen with the unaided eye. Telescopes gather far more
light than the eye, enabling dim objects to be observed with higher magnification and
better resolution. Although the inventing of the telescope is often attributed to Galileo
, he actually did not . More significant was what he did. He designed several early
telescopes, was the first to study the heavens with them, and used them to make
monumental discoveries . Among these are the moons of Jupiter, the craters and
mountains on the Moon, the details of sunspots, and the fact that the Milky Way is
made up of vast numbers of individual stars.
Figure 1a shows a telescope made of two lenses, the convex objective and the
concave eyepiece, the same construction used by Galileo. Such an arrangement
produces an upright image and is used in spyglasses and opera glasses.

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 Figure 3. (a) Galileo made telescopes with a convex objective and a concave
eyepiece. These produce an upright image and are used in spyglasses. (b) Most
simple telescopes have two convex lenses. The objective forms a case 1 image that
is the object for the eyepiece. The eyepiece forms a case 2 final image that is
magnified.
The most common two-lens telescope, like the simple microscope, uses two
convex lenses and is shown in Figure 1b. The object is so far away from the
telescope that it is essentially at infinity compared with the focal lengths of the lenses
(do ≈ ∞). The first image is thus produced at di = fo, as shown in the figure. To prove
this, note that

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 1/di =1/f0 −1/d0 =1/f0 −1/∞
1/di =1/f0 −1/d0 =1/f0 −1/∞
Because
1∞=01∞=0,
this simplifies to
1/di =1/f0
, which implies that d i = fo, as claimed. It is true that for any distant object and any
lens or mirror, the image is at the focal length.

The first image formed by a telescope objective as seen in Figure 1b will not be
large compared with what you might see by looking at the object directly. For
example, the spot formed by sunlight focused on a piece of paper by a magnifying
glass is the image of the Sun, and it is small. The telescope eyepiece (like the
microscope eyepiece) magnifies this first image. The distance between the eyepiece
and the objective lens is made slightly less than the sum of their focal lengths so that
the first image is closer to the eyepiece than its focal length. That is, do′ is less than
fe, and so the eyepiece forms a case 2 image that is large and to the left for easy
viewing. If the angle subtended by an object as viewed by the unaided eye is θ, and
the angle subtended by the telescope image is θ′, then the angular magnification M
is defined to be their ratio. That is, M= Ɵ’/ Ɵ

It can be shown that the angular magnification of a telescope is related to the

focal lengths of the objective and eyepiece; and is given by
M = Ɵ’/Ɵ = −f0 /fe
The minus sign indicates the image is inverted. To obtain the greatest angular
magnification, it is best to have a long focal length objective and a short focal length
eyepiece. The greater the angular magnification M, the larger an object will appear
when viewed through a telescope, making more details visible. Limits to observable
details are imposed by many factors, including lens quality and atmospheric
disturbance.

The image in most telescopes is inverted, which is unimportant for observing the
stars but a real problem for other applications, such as telescopes on ships or
telescopic gun sights. If an upright image is needed, Galileo’s arrangement in Figure
1a can be used. But a more common arrangement is to use a third convex lens as
an eyepiece, increasing the distance between the first two and inverting the image
once again as seen in Figure 2.

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 figure 4

Figure 2. This arrangement of three lenses in a telescope produces an upright final image. The first two
lenses are far enough apart that the second lens inverts the image of the first one more time. The third lens
acts as a magnifier and keeps the image upright and in a location that is easy to view.

A telescope can also be made with a concave mirror as its first element or
objective, since a concave mirror acts like a convex lens as seen in Figure 3. Flat
mirrors are often employed in optical instruments to make them more compact or to
send light to cameras and other sensing devices. There are many advantages to
using mirrors rather than lenses for telescope objectives. Mirrors can be constructed
much larger than lenses and can, thus, gather large amounts of light, as needed to
view distant galaxies, for example. Large and relatively flat mirrors have very long focal
lengths, so that great angular magnification is possible.

Self-Test

Direction: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write it on a separate sheet of
paper.

1. What are telescope used for?

a. To see very small objects
b. To measure distance
c. To see far away objects
d. To see measure time
2. What is the magnification of a telescope?
a. How much light it can gather
b. How much larger it can make objects appear
c. How long it takes to focus
d. The size of the aperture
3. The larger the ________, the more light a telescope can gather.
a. Magnification
b. Lens
c. Eyepiece

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 d. Aperture
4. What do we call the lens in a telescope that spreads out the light across the retina
of your eye?
a. Convex lens c. Objective lens
b. Mirror lens d. Eyepiece
5. Who was the famous scientist first used the telescope for astronomy?
a. Albert Einstein c. Galileo
b. Aristotle d. Isaac Newton

7 8

10

What’s More
Direction: Complete the crossword by filling in a word that firs each clue. Write
your answer in your notebook.

Across

15
2. In compound microscope, the objective lens produces an/ a ___image of the
object in "real" image plane.
3. It behaves just like the flashlight and travel in a straight line.
7. They are devices which process light waves to enhance an images for more clear
view.
9. Telescope are meant for viewing distant object producing an image that is
_____than the image that can be seen with the unaided eye.
10. A long tubular device through which a person can see objects that are out of
direct line of sight.
Down
1. It is the measurement of the distance between where the light rays first hit the lens
and where they reach the camera sensor.
4. It is the extent to which the image of the specimen viewed under the microscope.
5. Most simple telescopes have two _____lenses.
6. Periscope works on the reflection of light from two plane mirror arranged ____to
one another.
8. The image formed in a camera is

What I Have Learned

> Several lenses in a compound microscope refracts light rays to form enlarged
images of extremely small objects
> A camera lens takes all the light rays bouncing around and uses glass to
redirect them to a single point, creating a sharp image.
> In a camera , the image is projected in an upside down
> The classic compound microscope magnifies in two steps: first with an objective
lens that produces an enlarged image of the object in a 'real' image plane. This real
image is then magnified by the ocular lens or eyepiece to produce the virtual image.
> A periscope is used to see over the heads of a crowd
> A periscope is used by soldiers sitting in a trench to observe the enemy activities
outside ( over the ground).
> A periscope is used by a navy officer sitting in a submarine to see ships over the
surface of water in the sea ( even though the submarine itself may be submerged
under water)
Simple telescopes can be made with two lenses. They are used for viewing objects
at large distances and utilize the entire range of the electromagnetic spectrum.
The angular magnification M for a telescope is given by
M= Ɵ’/Ɵ = −f0 /fe
where θ is the angle subtended by an object viewed by the
unaided eye, θ′ is the angle subtended by a magnified image, and f0 and fe
are the focal lengths of the objective and the eyepiece.

16
 What I can Do
GRADE LEVEL QUARTER / DOMAIN WEEK & DAY NO. LC CODE
10 2nd/PHYSICS _____ S10FE IIH-52

Name: ______________________________ Year & Section: _______

TOPIC: OPTICAL INSTRUMENTS: CAMERA

LEARNING COMPETENCY The learners should be able to identify ways in which
the properties of mirrors and lenses determine their use in optical instruments (e.g.
cameras and binoculars)
Activity No. 1
MAKE A PINHOLE CAMERA
I. OBJECTIVES:
Construct a pinhole camera and explain the factors that affect the image on the
screen.

II. A.MATERIALS:
large can, wax paper, black construction paper, scissors, masking tape,
rubber band, hammer, small nail
B. REFERENCES:
Science and Technology for the Future IV(Physics), Alastre-Dizon, Maville T. ,
Malabanan, Katherine C. , Bautista, Donald B. (Diwa Textbook)

III. PROCEDURE:
A. Making the pinhole camera
1. Punch a small hole in the center of the can’s closed end using the hammer and
the nail.
2. Cover the open end with wax paper. Secure the wax paper with a rubber band.
3. Cut a square measuring 35 cm from the black construction paper.
4. Wrap the square around the circumference of the can like a sleeve. Secure this
with a tape.
5. Leave about 25 cm of the black construction paper extending from the end of
the can with the wax paper. What you have constructed is a simple pinhole
camera. You will use your pinhole camera in part B of the activity.

B. Using your pinhole camera

1. Darken a room. Point the tiny hole in the can toward a window.

17
 2. Hold the black paper cylinder up to your eyes.
IV. ANALYSIS:
1. Do you see an image on the wax paper?
__________________________________________________________________
2. Describe the image as to size and orientation.
__________________________________________________________________

V. GENERALIZATION:

VI. APPLICATION:

GRADE LEVEL QUARTER / WEEK & DAY NO LC CODE

10 DOMAIN _______
S10FE IIH-52
nd
2 /PHYSICS

Name : _____________________________ Year & Section: ____________

TOPIC: OPTICAL INSTRUMENTS: PERISCOPE

LEARNING COMPETENCY: The learners should be able to identify ways in which

the properties of mirrors and lenses determine their use in optical instruments (e.g.
cameras and binoculars)
Activity No. 2
THE PERISCOPE
I. OBJECTIVE:

a. Describe how light rays can change direction

b. Demonstrate how visible light is reflected

II. A.MATERIALS:
1 craft knife, 2 clean 1-litre milk or juice cartons, 2 small, flat mirrors
(less than 9 cm in at least one dimension), ruler, marker, tape, scissor
B. REFERENCES

https://study.com/academy/practice/quiz-worksheet-mariner-s-compass-
periscopes.html

III. PROCEDURE
18
Preparation

1. Use a craft knife to cut off the top of each carton.

2. Using a marker, draw a square at the bottom of each carton. These will be the
windows of the periscope. Use the craft knife to cut along one of the sides of the
window. (The students can cut out the rest of the window using scissors.)
Optional: If your students are younger and need help with careful cutting,
measure and cut the slit for the mirror. (See step 4 in the instructions below).

Instructions

1. Provide each student with two prepared cartons, two mirrors, scissors, tape and
stickers/decorations.
2. Carefully cut out the windows of the cartons. 3. Measure and mark a 45° angle on
the side of the box, extending from the bottom corner of the window up to the
back of the box.
4. Along this line, cut a slit into the cardboard.
5. Insert the mirror into the slit.

Hint: To measure a 45° angle on any sized box, simply measure the width of the
box, measure the same distance up along the side of the box, and mark that point.
Draw a line between that mark and the opposite corner of the square you’ve
measured out, and you’ll have a 45° angle. Repeat with the second carton

19
6.Use a craft knife (an adult should do this part) to cut a slit along the 45° line. Make
the cut as long as one side of the mirror. If the mirror is thick, widen the cut.
Repeat with the second carton.

7. Slide a mirror into the carton through the slit with the shiny side facing the window
and the dull side facing the “roof.”
8. Repeat with the second carton.
9. Tape the mirrors in place.
10.Once the mirrors are firmly secured, join the two cartons together by sliding one
into the other. You may have to pinch the open end of the upside-down carton so
that it can slide into the other carton. Tape the two cartons together.

Hint: You can create a forward-looking periscope by facing the mirrors in opposite
directions, or a backwards-looking one by facing the mirrors in the same
direction.

Hint: Don’t have one-litre milk cartons? Any sized box works as long as you have big
enough mirrors positioned at a 45° angle

20
 IV. ANALYSIS

1. How does the periscope work?

2. Can you trace the path of light from the object, through the periscope, to your
eye? ________________________________________________________
3. How could you build your periscope to see behind you?
____________________________________________________________
4. When would you use a periscope?
____________________________________________________________

V. GENERALIZATION:
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

VI. APPLICATION

Could you build a periscope that would let you look over a wall and down at
something at its base on the other side? How would you have to arrange the
mirrors to do that?
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

Assessment
21
Direction: Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write it on your notebook.

1. Which of the following optical instruments does NOT form a real, inverted and
smaller image?
a. camera c. pinhole camera
b. human eye d. simple microscope
2. An optical device used to see very far or distant objects clearly is the
a. camera c. simple microscope
b. compound microscope d. Telescope
3. A compound microscope is an optical system. Which statement does NOT
describe it?
a. It makes small objects look bigger.
b. It is used to magnify distant objects clearly.
c. It consists of two converging lens - an objective lens and an eyepiece.
d. It has an eyepiece that enlarges the image created by the objective lens.
4. What is the magnification of a telescope?
a. How much light it can gather
b. How much larger it can make objects appear
c. How long it takes to focus
d. The size of the aperture
5. What can you use to see other planets?
a. microscope b. camera c. telescope d. periscope
6. At what angles are mirrors in a periscope positioned?
a. 300 b. 450 c. 600 d. 900
7. _____ is the study of visible light and the ways it can be used to extend human
vision and do other tasks
a. Thermodynamics b. Sound c. Optics d. mechanics
8. True or false: Optical instruments use lenses and mirrors to form images.
a. True b. False c. Neither a or b d. Can’t be determine
9. The final image formed in a periscope is _____________________
a. both real and virtual b. reflected c. real d. none of the above
10. In which of the following instruments, the objective has a large focal length and
a very large eyepiece?
a. A simple microscope b A Compound microscope
c. Telescope d. Periscope
11. The most common two lens telescope ,uses two ________ lenses
a. concave b. convex c. plane d. none of these

12. A number that is directly related to the resolving power

a. Principal axis b. Magnification c. Numerical Aperture d. Vertex

22
13________________ are devices which process light waves to enhance an image
for more clear view.
a. Optical Device b. Lens c. Mirror d. All of the above
14.A periscope works on the reflection of light from two plane mirrors arranged
_______ to one another
a. parallel b. perpendicular c. equal incomplete information
15.A lens’ focusing system moves the glass piece closer or farther from
sensor or film allowing the photographer to adjust the lens so that the
object is sharp
a. True b. False c. Either true or False d. Incomplete Information

Additional Activities

Direction: Make a research on how hologram is created and works. Write it in short
bond paper as your performance task.

23
 Answer Key

References
24
Electronic Sources
Creative Live.Inc.(2020) “ Photography Guide .” Retrieved: June 16,2020, from
website of https://creativelive.com
Science World Society.(2020) “ Periscope .” Retrieved: June 18,2020, from
website of https://scienceworld.com
Lumen Learning. “ Vision and Optical Instrument .” Retrieved: June 20,2020, from
website : https://courses.lumenlearning.com/physics/chapter/26-5- telescopes/
Nagpal , Shilpi. (2019) “ Formation of Image , Periscope, Kaleidoscope.” Updated march 20
2019 : https://classnotes.org.in/class-8/light/formation-image-periscope-kaleidoscope/
Synopsis. (2020) Optics For Kids – Concave vs. Convex Lens “ Retrieved : June 20,2020
from website :http:// synopsys.com/optical-solutions/learn/optics-for-kids/lenses.html
Simulab Testing Laboratory.nd “ The Microscope “ Retrieved: June 26 ,2020 from website
https://simulab.ltt.com.au/4/laboratory/personalstudy/PS-Microscope.html

Printed Materials
Salmorin , Lolita M,.Aurora M. Villamil, ZoniaM. Girona,RebeccaC. Nueva Espana.2004
Science and Technology IV ( Physics) Abiva Publishing Inc.
Navaza , Delia C. Bienvenido J. Valdez .1995. Physics Textbook
Phoenix Publishing House Inc..

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