Savvas Topic 5, Lesson 2: Fighting the Great War

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Textbook Pages: 356-361
Objectives:
➢ Understand ​ how trench warfare led to a stalemate on the Western Front.
➢ Identify​ and describe the impact of modern military technology on the fighting.
➢ Outline ​the course of war on multiple European fronts.
➢ Explain ​how World War I was a global conflict.

5.2 Vocabulary
Directions: ​Paraphrase​ the ​textbook​ definition of each key term. Make sure to ​put the definition of each term in your own
words​.
Key Term Definition

1. stalemate Stalemate is a situation when neither side can fight each other because it is
difficult to defeat one another.

2. convoy Group of ships owned by traders that are defended by warships.

5.2 Guided Reading

Directions​:​As you read the assigned text, answer the following questions in ​COMPLETE SENTENCES​
.
Answers should be written in complete sentences that explain your answer. You can use multiple sentences or
lengthy sentences that include the word BECAUSE. Incomplete answers will receive partial credit.
A New Kind of War

3. Activity Launch The map showed how the western front line did move that much in 1914 and
How does the map show the 195 and shows how in 1915 their trench shrinked. The Eastern front was better
effects of trench warfare in WWI? than the West because it moved often and had a big trench which can be used
for better chances of defeating the Western front in WW1

4. What is stalemate, and why did
one develop on the Western
Front?
Stalemate is a situation when neither side can fight each other because it is
difficult to defeat one another.They developed the stalemate on the Western
Front because of how Germany’s Schlieffen plan failed, and because of how
british and french did not defeat germany at the Battle of the Marne, and to
protect their armies from their enemies.

5. How did the failure of Germany’s The failure of Germany’s Schlieffen plan happened because Germany shifted
Schlieffen Plan to quickly defeat their forces to the east and this weakened their forces which made them
France affect the future course of unable to defeat France and this caused a stalemate. Battle lines made France
the war? remain unchanged and unharmed for four years.

6. Activity Launch a.​ An army would want to flank its opponent from the other side instead of
a. Infer: Why would an army want
to flank its opponent (attack head on because they want to take control of both fronts, to spy on the other
from the side) instead of head
on? nations to see if they are planning against them and to see their tactics so that
b. Draw Conclusions: Poisonous
gas, which is heavier than air, they can stop it, and they do not want to be secretly targeted from the either
was used in WWI. Why might
poison gas be more effective sides so they attack from the other side to look for any kind of nation trying to
when used against soldiers in
the trenches versus soldiers on take advantage.
the battlefield?
c. Synthesize: More than half the b.​ Poisonous gas might be more effective than having soldiers on the
casualties on the Western
Front were caused by artillery
 munitions.Why do you think
artillery became such a major
part of trench warfare?
7. Why were modern long range
weapons important in the war?
8. What effect did machine guns
have on the war?
9. How did poison gas affect
soldiers? Where was it primarily
used?
10. How did each of these situations
impact World War I?
11. How did the Allies deal with
German U-boats?
12. How was the Eastern Front
different from the Western Front?
battlefield because the nation does not want to risk the soldiers’ lives and so
that there will be less casualties and deaths, another reason can be because
poisonous gas can be lethal so they use it to kill their enemies from the other
side.
c.​ Trench warfare was important because it gave shelter to the soldiers from
heavy fire and artillery and because attacking soldiers from the other side on
the battlefield and not using a trench might be difficult and lead to casualties
and deaths. It was also important because a nation can sneak up on their
enemy and this is an advantage of trenches.
Modern Military Technology
There were two important long range weapons which are rapid-fire machine
guns and long-range artillery guns. They were used because they can shoot
far away like 10 miles away and it also created more casualties and deaths
than a normal gun.
Machine guns were effective during the war because they created more
casualties because it shoots many bullets. It is also effective because it can
cover a long distance and shoots further away than a gun or rifle. Their aim
was also better.
Effect on soldiers:​Blinded soldiers and made them choke and also made it
hard to breathe from the lungs because it filled the lungs with gas which
caused many deaths and agony
Where it was used: ​ The allies used them, French soldiers used tear gas, and
Germans began to use poisonous gas in 1915
Ottoman control of the Dardanelles:​The Ottoman’s control of the
Dardanelles impacted WW1 because Turkey interrupted the supply line to
Russia which connected the Black sea with the ​Mediterranean​ and this also
trapped the Allies in the Gallipoli Peninsula through the Dardanelles.
German submarine warfare​: They were called German U-Boats and also
called Unterseeboot in German. It did a lot of damage to the Allied sides which
was sinking trading ships which carried necessary supplies to Britain. The
cause of this was that the Allies created convoys to protect trading ships by
warships.
As i said above they dealt with the German U-Boats by creating convoys in
which warships protect trading ships which carry supplies.
Other European Fronts
In the Eastern Front, there were not many trenches used. There were times
where harsh winters made things more difficult for the Eastern front and also
made trench warfare hard to use and not that effective. There was more
movement happening in the Eastern front more than the Western front. There
were also more casualties in the Western Front than in the Eastern Front.
 A Global Conflict

13. What was the impact of the The impact of the Ottoman Empire joining the Central powers was that it made
Ottoman Empire joining the the Central powers almost surrounded. This led to Turkey cutting off important
Central Powers? supplies to Russia from the Black Sea to the ​Mediterranean through the
Dardanelles. It also caused the Allies to be trapped on the Gallipoli Peninsula.

14. Why were the Armenians targeted ● Was a minority to the Ottoman Empire and
by the Ottoman Empire? ● Were Christians
● Did not have the same rights as Muslims
● Do not know the last bullet

15. Why did people from European European colonies were involved because they wanted to expand their empire
colonies fight in World War I? and create colonies and because they came to the aid of Britain and also
because ​British India and French West Africa fought on European battlefields
which made them interfere.