Ratio Analysis in Philips Electronics India Project Report: Magdalene Peter

International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics
Volume 119 No. 12 2018, 2845-2864

ISSN: 1314-3395 (on-line version)
url: http://www.ijpam.eu
Special Issue
ijpam.eu
RATIO ANALYSIS IN PHILIPS ELECTRONICS INDIA

PROJECT REPORT
Magdalene peter1, Dr.A.Ravikumar2
Assistant Professor1,2 , Department of Management Studies1
Department of Tourism and Hospitality Mangement 2
BIST, BIHER, Bharath University, Chennai
magdalenepeter.mba@bharathuniv.ac.in
INTRODUCTION
Financial Management is the specific area of finance dealing with the financial decision
corporations make, and the tools and analysis used to make the decisions. The discipline as a
whole may be divided between long-term and short-term decisions and techniques. Both share
the same goal of enhancing firm value by ensuring that return on capital exceeds cost of capital,
without taking excessive financial risks. Capital - investment decisions comprise the long-term
choices about which projects receive investment, whether to finance that investment with equity
or debt, and when or whether to pay dividends to shareholders. Short-term corporate finance
decisions are called working capital management and deal with balance of current assets and
current liabilities by managing cash, inventories, and short-term borrowings and lending (e.g.,
thecredit terms extended to customers).
Corporate finance is closely related to managerial finance, which is slightly broader

in scope, describing the financial techniques available to all forms of business enterprise,
corporate or not[1-5].
Role of Financial Managers:
The role of a financial manager can be discussed under the following heads:
1. Nature of work
2. Working conditions
3. Employment
4. Training, Other qualifications and Advancement
5. Job outlook
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International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics Special Issue
6. Related occupations
Let us discuss each of these in a detailed manner.
1. Nature of work
Almost every firm, government agency and organization has one or more financial
managers who oversee the preparation of financial reports, direct investment activities, and
implement cash management strategies. As computers are increasingly used to record and
organize data, many financial managers are spending more time developing strategies and
implementing the long-term goals of their organization[6-9].
The duties of financial managers vary with their specific titles, which include
controller, treasurer or finance officer, credit manager, cash manager, and risk and insurance
manager. Controllers direct the preparation of financial reports that summarize and forecast the
organization’s financial position, such as income statements, balance sheets, and analyses of
future earnings or expenses. Regulatory authorities also in charge of preparing special reports
require controllers. Often, controllers oversee the accounting, audit, and budget departments.
Treasurers and finance officers direct the organization’s financial goals, objectives, and budgets.
They oversee the investment of funds and manage associated risks, supervise cash management
activities, execute capital-raising strategies to support a firm’s expansion, and deal with mergers
and acquisitions. Credit managers oversee the firm’s issuance of credit. They establish credit-
rating criteria, determine credit ceilings, and monitor the collections of past-due accounts.
Managers specializing in international finance develop financial and accounting systems for the
banking transactions of multinational organizations[10-14].
Cash managers monitor and control the flow of cash receipts and disbursements to meet the
business and investment needs of the firm. For example, cash flow projections are needed to
determine whether loans must be obtained to meet cash requirements or whether surplus cash
should be invested in interest-bearing instruments. Risk and insurance managers oversee
programs to minimize risks and losses that might arise from financial transactions and business
operations undertaken by the institution. They also manage the organization’s insurance budget.
Financial institutions, such as commercial banks, savings and loan associations, credit unions,
and mortgage and finance companies, employ additional financial managers who oversee various
functions, such as lending, trusts, mortgages, and investments, or programs, including sales,
2846
operations, or electronic financial services. These managers may be required to solicit business,
authorize loans, and direct the investment of funds, always adhering to State laws and
regulations[15-19].
2. Working conditions
Financial managers work in comfortable offices, often close to top managers and to
departments that develop the financial data these managers need. They typically have direct
access to state-of-the-art computer systems and information services. Financial managers
commonly work long hours, often up to 50 or 60 per week. They generally are required to attend
meetings of financial and economic associations and may travel to visit subsidiary firms or to
meet customers.
3. Employment
While the vast majority is employed in private industry, nearly 1 in 10 works for
the different branches of government. In addition, although they can be found in every industry,
approximately 1 out of 4 are employed by insurance and finance establishments, such as banks,
savings institutions, finance companies, credit unions, and securities dealers[20-24].
4. Training, Other qualifications and Advancement
A bachelor’s degree in finance, accounting, economics, or business administration

is the minimum academic preparation for financial managers. However, many employers now
seek graduates with a master’s degree, preferably in business administration, economics, finance,
or risk management. These academic programs develop analytical skills and provide knowledge
of the latest financial analysis methods and technology.
Experience may be more important than formal education for some financial
manager positions—notably, branch managers in banks. Banks typically fill branch manager
positions by promoting experienced loan officers and other professionals who excel at their jobs.
Other financial managers may enter the profession through formal management training
programs offered by the company.
2847
Continuing education is vital for financial managers, who must cope with the
growing complexity of global trade, changes in State laws and regulations, and the proliferation
of new and complex financial instruments. Firms often provide opportunities for workers to
broaden their knowledge and skills by encouraging employees to take graduate courses at
colleges and universities or attend conferences related to their specialty. Financial management,
banking, and credit union associations, often in cooperation with colleges and universities,
sponsor numerous national and local training programs. Persons enrolled prepare extensively at
home and then attend sessions on subjects such as accounting management, budget management,
corporate cash management, financial analysis, international banking, and information systems.
Many firms pay all or part of the costs for employees who successfully complete courses.
Although experience, ability, and leadership are emphasized for promotion, this type of special
study may accelerate advancement[25-32].
5. Job outlook
In some cases, financial managers also may broaden their skills and exhibit their
competency by attaining professional certification. There are many different associations that
offer professional certification programs. For example, the Association for Investment
Management and Research confers the Chartered Financial Analyst designation on investment
professionals who have a bachelor’s degree, pass three sequential examinations, and meet work
experience requirements. The Association for Financial Professionals (AFP) confers the
Certified Cash Manager credential to those who pass a computer-based exam and have a
minimum of 2 years of relevant experience. The Institute of Management Accountants offers a
Certified in Financial Management designation to members with a BA and at least 2 years of
work experience who pass the institute’s four-part examination and fulfill continuing education
requirements. Also, financial managers who specialize in accounting may earn the Certified
Public Accountant (CPA) or Certified Management Accountant (CMA) designations. Candidates
for financial management positions need a broad range of skills. Interpersonal skills are
important because these jobs involve managing people and working as part of a team to solve
problems. Financial managers must have excellent communication skills to explain complex
financial data. Because financial managers work extensively with various departments in their
firm, a broad overview of the business is essential[33-37].
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Financial managers who are familiar with computer software that can assist them in this role will
be needed.
6. Related occupations
Financial managers combine formal education with experience in one or more

areas of finance, such as asset management, lending, credit operations, securities investment, or
insurance risk and loss control. Workers in other occupations requiring similar training and skills
include accountants and auditors; budget analysts; financial analysts and personal financial
advisors; insurance underwriters; loan counselors and officers; securities, commodities, and
financial services sales agents; and real estate brokers and sales agents[38-42].
OBJECTIVES
The major objectives of the recent study are to know about financial strengths and weakness of
PHILIPSthroughFINANCIAL RATIO ANALYSIS
1. Primary objective:-
1) To study the software used in Philips

2) Toanalyze the financial statements of the corporation to its true financial position by the use
ofratios.
2. Secondary objective:-
1) To find out the shortcomings in Philips
2) To see whether Philips Companyis going well or not in different areas
3) To inform the management about the financial condition of Philips
4) To inform the investor, enabling them to take the investment decision.
SCOPE OF THE STUDY
1. The study has great significance and provides benefits to various parties whom directly or
indirectly interact with the company.
2. It is beneficial to management of the company by providing crystal clear picture regarding
important aspects like liquidity, leverage, activity and profitability.
3. The study is also beneficial to employees and offers motivation by showing how actively they
are contributing for company’s growth.
2849
4. The investors who are interested in investing in the company’s shares will also get benefited
by going through the study and can easily take a decision whether to invest or not to invest in the
company’s shares[43-45].
LIMITATIONS
1. The study provides an insight into the financial, personnel, marketing and other aspects of
PHILIPS. Every study will be bound with certain limitations.
2. The below mentioned are the constraints under which the study is carried out.
3. One of the factors of the study was lack of availability of ample information. Most of the
information has been kept confidential and as such as not assed as art of policy of company.
Time is an important limitation. The whole study was conducted in a period of 3 months,
which is not sufficient to carry out proper interpretation and analysis.
Research Methodology –
Data collection method: The report will be prepared mainly using primary and secondary data.
They are follows below
 PRIMARY DATA
It is first hand data, which is collected by researcher itself. Primary data is
collected by various approaches so as to get a precise, accurate, realistic andrelevant data. The
main tool in gathering primary data was investigation and observation. It was achieved by a
direct approach and observation from the officials of the company
 SECONDARY DATA
It is the data which is already collected by someoneelse. Researcher has to analyze the data and
interprets the results. It has always been important for the completion of any report. It provides
reliable, suitable, adequate and specific knowledge.
It took data comprise annual reports and post records. Bank has provided me annual reports from
2005-06 to 2009-10 by help of which, I prepared my report.
The valuable cooperation extended by staff members contributed a lot to fulfill the requirements
in the collection of data in order to complete the project. In this study ratio analysis, has been
used for analyzing and interpreting the result. Some of the secondary data which was collected
throug
 Company manuals.
2850
 Annual Report of the company.

 www.philips.com
The techniques, which would be used for the study:
1. Discussions with company guide and customers.
2. By studying annual reports.
3. Using Project Technique.
TABLE NO: 1
(Rs. In crores)
Year Current assets Current liabilities Ratio
2005-2006 511.60 294.50 1.73

2006-2007 513.50 511.30 1
2007-2008 599.90 684.10 0.87
2008-2009 643.40 572.40 0.95
2009-2010 774.30 473.30 1.63
INTERPRETATION:
Internationally accepted ratio is 2:1 i.e., current assets shall be 2 times to current liabilities. In
this above table shows year 2008-2009 the ratio slightly decrease comparing to the previous year
2007-2008 indicate that the company run out of money and it inadequate current assets and
current liabilities.
2851
Profitability Analysis Ratios:

Profitability ratios are the most significant of the financial ratios. Similar to income ratios,
profitability ratios provide a definitive evaluation of the overall effectiveness of management
based on the returns generated on sales and investment. The adequacy of your company’s
earnings can be measured in terms of (1) the rate earned on average total assets; (2) the rate
earned on sales; (3) the rate earned on average common stockholders’ equity; and (4) the
availability of earnings to common stockholders. The most widely used profitability
measurements are profit margin on sales, return-on-investment ratios, and earnings per share[7-
11].
i) Return on Equity (ROE)
This ratio shows the return on the equity to the company. This ratio compares the Net profit and
shareholders fund of the company. In other words this expresses the relationship between the net
profit and shareholders fund. It indicates the strength of the financial foundation of the concern.
The following formula explains the above statement
Net Profit
Return on Equity (ROE) = ————————————— x100
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Shareholders fund
TABLE NO: 2
(Rs. In crores)
Year Net profit Shareholders fund percentage
2005-2006 80.70 570.80 14.13
2006-2007 27.74
213.00 767.70
2007-2008 20.21
190.30 941.20
2008-2009 15.29
135.10 883.10
2009-2010 14.60
117.50 805.10
INTERPRETATION:
This ratio shows the good results through out the year, it shows slightly decrease their
percentage of equity comparing to the previous year that is 2008-2009 and it will not harm the
company they will survive immediately.
2853
ii) Gross Profit on Net Sales:

Gross profit ratio helps to determine whether average markup on goods will consistently cover
expenses, therefore resulting in the desired profit. If gross profit rate is continually lower than
your average margin, something is wrong! Be on the lookout for downward trends in gross profit
rate. This is a sign of future problems for bottom line.
Gross Profit
Gross Profit Rate = —————————————— x100
Net Sales
TABLE NO: 3
(Rs. In crores)
year Gross profit sales Percentage
2854
2005-2006 3.44
95.80 2,780.70
2006-2007 11.55
299.70 2594.04
2007-2008 10.22
290 2837.20
2008-2009 7.13
219.40 3076
2009-2010 5.70
185 3241.20
INTERPRETATION:
It shows the gross profit of the company. The ratio is decrased in the current year that is 2009-
2010 then the previous year. It shows the inefficiency of the company to meet the future needs.
i) Net Profit ratio

This ratio provides a primary appraisal of net profits related to investment. Once the basic
expenses are covered[8-9], profits will rise disproportionately greater than sales above the break-
even point of operations.
Earnings after Taxes
Net Profit Rate = ————————— x100
Net Sales
TABLE NO: 4
Rs. In crores)
2855
Year Net profit Sales Percentage
2005-2006 3.18
80.70 2,780.70
2006-2007 5.92
213 2594.04
2007-2008 6.70
190.30 2837.20
2008-2009 4.39
135.10 3076
2009-2010 3.62
117.50 3241.20
INTERPRETATION:
Generally this ratio shows the net profit of the company and this table shows the financial
position of the company. The percentage of ratio decreased the current year that shows
inefficiency of the company.
2856
ii) Earnings per Share (EPS)

The earnings per share ratio are mainly useful for companies with publicly traded shares. Most
companies will quote the earnings per share in their financial statements, saving you from having
to calculate it yourself. By itself, EPS doesn’t really tell you a whole lot. But if you compare it to
the EPS from a previous quarter or year, it indicates the rate of growth that a company is earning.
Net Profit
Earnings per Share (EPS) = —————————————————— x100 No. of Equity
Shares
TABLE NO: 5
(Rs. In crores)
Year Net profit Number of shares Percentage
2005-2006 11.48
80.70 702.61
2006-2007 13.31
213 702.61
2007-2008 27.08
190.30 702.61
2008-2009 19.37
135.10 702.61
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2009-2010 18.54
117.50 634.01
INTERPRETATION:
The net profit ratio is the overall measure of the firm’s ability toturn each rupee of income from
services in net profit. If the net margin isinadequate the firm will fail to achieve return on
shareholder’s funds. Highnet profit ratio will help the firm service in the fall of income from
services,rise in cost of production or declining demand.The net profit is increased because the
income from services isincreased.This ratio slightly decreased in year 2009-20010 and it shows
the inefficient of the company towards the shareholders view.
OBSERVATIONS AND FINDINGS OF THE STUDY
1) The current of the company increased rapidly from the year 2006-2010, but it will
decrease in the current year. It shows the inefficient to carry out the business and it will
hope that it did not affect the business anymore and it will survive instantly.
2) The Gross profit ratio shows the good result towards the growth of the company, the sales
of the company increased constantly since 2006-2010 and gross profit of the company is
also be increased same and also increased in the current year also, so it explain that the
company is in the good position.
3) The Net profit ratio shows the good improvement towards the company’s development.
The net profit ratio is decreased between the year 2009 and 2010, but it will survive
quickly.
4) The Earning per share ratio reflects the capital structure of the company. It indicates the
rate of growth of the company. The ratio shows continuous increase in the earning per
share as stated above, that shows the good result since past five years i.e., 2006-2010 it
increased rapidly. This shows share market of the company is very good and the
shareholders are able to invest its share more.
5) The operating profit ratio that shows return of the cost of the goods sold and other
operating expenses. The operating expenses of the company shows the good result that
will increase for past five years that is 2006-2010, it shows the good efficiency of the
company and the amount invested in the business to be satisfied[37-41].
2858
6) The Return on the equity or shareholders fund ratio it helpful to understand the
shareholder’s that the shareholder’s fund of the company used effectively or not. This
keeps the company very good in the effective use in the shareholder’s fund. The ratio has
been increased effectively in the year 2010 that means the company uses his
shareholder’s fund effectively.
7) The Return on assets ratio shows how the company uses his assets towards the growth of
the company and they get return from the asset used for the company. The ratio has
increased frequently during the year2006-2010 it shows the utilization of the assets for
the company it has been very good.
8) The debt equity ratio shows the debt raises over the equity shareholders, but it will not
affect to the company because they raise their equity year by year so they will survive
from the problem. In the current year they will slightly increase in the year 2010, this will
not affect the company.
9) The interest coverage ratio is generating the cash to pay its interest obligations. In this
point interest paying from the company is very good, the interest ratio paying for the last
five years i.e., 2006-2010 seems to be satisfied.
10) The Payout ratio is shows the dividend and earnings per share. This gives hope to the
shareholders that they came to know that how much they earn from the share. The payout
ratio of the company show the good return to the shareholder of the company, the ratio
has been increased slightly then the previous year it will not affect the company, it runs
its same way.
SUGESSTIONS
1) After the analysis of Financial Statements, the company status is better, because the
Net working capital of the company is doubled from the last year’s position.
2) The company profits are huge in the current year; it is better to declare the dividend to
shareholders.
3) The company is utilising the fixed assets, which major help to the growth of the
organisation. The company should maintain that perfectly.
4) The company fixed deposits are raised from the inception, it gives the interest to the
investors and other income i.e., Interest on fixed deposits.
2859
5) The investment of the company is very good and increasing year by year and it helps
the growth of the organization and it maintains the same that shows the efficient of
the company.
CONCLUSION
The company’s overall position is at a good position. Particularly the current year’s
position is well due to raise in the profit level from the last year position. It is better for the
organization to diversify the funds to different sectors in the present market scenario.
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International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics

Volume 119 No. 12 2018, 2845-2864

RATIO ANALYSIS IN PHILIPS ELECTRONICS INDIA

Corporate finance is closely related to managerial finance, which is slightly broader

4. Training, Other qualifications and Advancement

A bachelor’s degree in finance, accounting, economics, or business administration

Financial managers combine formal education with experience in one or more

1) To study the software used in Philips

 Annual Report of the company.

2005-2006 511.60 294.50 1.73

Profitability Analysis Ratios:

2005-2006 80.70 570.80 14.13

ii) Gross Profit on Net Sales:

i) Net Profit ratio

Year Net profit Sales Percentage

ii) Earnings per Share (EPS)

OBSERVATIONS AND FINDINGS OF THE STUDY

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