INDUSTRIAL GAS

- gas, petrochemicals, chemicals, power, mining, steelmaking, metals, environmental protection,

medicine, pharmaceuticals, biotechnology, food, water, fertilizers, nuclear power, electronics and
aerospace
- are gaseous materials that are manufactured for use in Industry. The principal gases provided are
nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, argon, hydrogen, helium and acetylene
COLOR CODING ACCORDING TO HAZARDS

COLOR CODING ACCORDING TO SPECIFIC GAS

 HISTORY

 7000–6600 BCE - Carbon dioxide has been known from ancient times as the byproduct of
fermentation.
 500 B.C - Natural gas was used by the Chinese when they discovered the potential to transport
gas
 1844 - Nitrous oxide was first used for dentistry anesthesia
 1869 - Notable developments in the industrial production of gases include the electrolysis of
water
 1884 - Brin process for oxygen production which was invented
 1888 - Notable developments in the industrial production of gases include the electrolysis of
water to produce oxygen
 1892 - Chloralkali process was invented to produce chlorine.
 1900s - Welding and metal cutting done with oxygen and acetylene
 1908 - The Haber Process was invented to produce ammonia.
USES AND APPLICATION

 Medical Gases
 Food Processing
 Cyrogenics
 Chemical Industry
 Others:
- Cutting and Welding
- Gases for Safety Inerting
- Laboratory and Instrumentation
- Gases for Breathing
- Glasses, Ceramics and Other Minerals
- Metallurgy
- Rubber, Plastics and Paints
- Semiconductor Industry
- Water Treatment

PROPERTIES OF GASES:

 Reactivity
 Inertness
 Coldness
TYPES OF INDUSTRIAL GAS
A. Common Atmospheric Gases
a. Nitrogen (Inertness and Coldness)
Physical Properties:
o M.W. : 28.01 g/gmol
o B.P. @ 1atm: -195.8 ˚C
 o Latent Heat of Vap.: 199.1 kJ/kg
o Density: 1.2506 kg/m 3

b. Oxygen (Reactivity)
Physical Properties
o M.W. : 32.00 g/gmol
o B.P. at 1atm: -182.96 ˚C
o Latent Heat of Vap.: 213 kJ/kg
o Density: 1.429 kg/m 3

c. Argon (Inertness)
Physical Properties
o M.W. : 39.95 g/gmol
o B.P. @ 1atm: -185.9 ˚C
o Latent Heat of Vap.: 162.3 kJ/kg
o Density: 1.7837 kg/m 3

B. Air-Derived “Rare” Gases

a. Neon, Krypton and Xenon (Inertness)

 Extremely inert
 Remain in the air
 are valued for their light emitting properties
 Krypton and Xenon are used as the propulsion gas
C. Natural Gas Derived
a. Methane (Reactivity)

 naturally produced by biological activity.

b. Helium (Inertness)

 Extremely inert under all conditions.

 Used in creating non-flammable lighter-than-air devices
D. Products from Methane Reforming
a. Hydrogen (Reactivity)

 reacts with oxygen –

 used in refineries
 used in animal and vegetable oils.
 used as a reducing agent
 removes oxygen
b. Carbon Monoxide
  it reacts with oxygen and other materials in combustion processes and in various
chemical production processes.
 Co-produced with hydrogen by steam reforming plants
c. Carbon Dioxide (Inertness, Reactivity, and Coldness)

 does not react with oxygen

 used as raw material for various chemical processes
 used as an inert gas
 extinguishes flames
 rapidly chill and freeze food items
HELIUM (H2)

- sixth most abundant gas in the atmosphere after nitrogen, oxygen, argon, carb on dioxide, and neon
- the second lightest element
- named for the Greek god of the Sun
- Its boiling and melting points are the lowest among all the elements.
- heads the noble gas group in the periodic table

HISTORY

 1868 - French astronomer Pierre Janssen and English astronomer Sir Joseph Lockyer
 1895 - English chemist Sir William Ramsay found cleveite
 1905 - Natural gas taken from a well near Dexter, Kansas. Development of lighter-than-air
blimps and dirigibles relied almost entirely on hydrogen to provide lift
 1937 - Hydrogen-filled dirigible Hindenburg exploded while landing at Lakehurst, New Jersey
 1945 - Helium became a critical war material. The lighter weight of helium allowed the plane to
carry 154 lb of extra fuel for an extended range.
PROPERTIES OF HELIUM

He
Molecular Weight (lb/mol) 4.00
Critical Temp. (°F) -450.3
Critical Pressure (psia) 33.0
Boiling Point (°C) -268.928
Melting Point (°C) -272.2
Gas Density @ 70°F 1 atm (lb/ft3) 0.0103
Specific Volume @ 70°F 1 atm (ft3/lb) 96.65

Specific Gravity 0.138

Specific Heat @ 70°F (Btu/lbmol-°F) 4.97
MANUFACTURING PROCESS
PRE- TREATING
All impurities that might must first be removed from the natural gas in a pretreatment process. Natural
gas is pressurized then flows into a scrubber where it is subjected to a spray of monoethanolamine.The
gas stream passes through a molecular sieve, which strips the larger water vapor molecules
SEPARATING
Natural gas is separated into its major components through a distillation process.
PURIFYING
Natural gas is separated into its major components through a distillation process.
DISTRIBUTING
Helium is distributed either as a gas at normal temperatures or as a liquid at very low temperatures.
QUALITY CONTROL
The Compressed Gas Association establishes grading standards for helium