SUBSTRUKTUR

Bili : "....."
"......."
"Silahkan bertanya yg terkait sub selanjutnya*"
Say : " The function of any foundation is to transmitto the subsoil the loads of the structure.
Where buildings are either heavy or transmit the loadings at a series of points such as in a
framed building it is uneconomic to use mass concrete. The plan size of a foundation is a
consistant feature being derrived form : Point or column load : safe bearing capacity of
subsoil
Concrete is a mixture of cement, fine aggregate, coarse aggregate and water. The
proportions of each
material control the strength and quailty of the resultant concrete.
- Portland Cement, this made from chalk or limestone and clay and is generally
produced by the wet process.
- High Alumia Cement, this is made by firing limestone and bauxite(alumunium ore) to
a molten state, casting it into pigs and finally grinding it into a fine powder.
- Aggregates, thesed are materials which are mixed with the cement to form concrete
and are classed as fine or coarse aggregate.
- Water, the water used in the making concrete must be clean and free from impurities
which could affect the concrete.and By the way, can you explain what a retaining wall
and a basement are?"
Dimas : "......."
"......."
"Silahkan bertanya yg terkait sub selanjutnya*"
Hanan : "......"
Selesai

STRUKTUR
Hanan : "...."
"....."
"Jan lupa buat pertanyaan terkait sub bab selanjutnya"
Bili : "...."
"....."
"Jan lupa buat pertanyaan terkait sub bab selanjutnya"
Say : " OPENING IN WALLS
An opening in an external wall consist of a head, jambs or reveals and a sill or threshold.
HEAD, The function of a head is to carry the load of brickwork over the opening and transmit
this load to the jambs at the sides.
TIMBER, Suitable for light loads and small spans, the timber should be treated with a
presservative to prevent attack by beetles or fungi.
STEEL
• For small openings – a mild steel flat or angle section can be used to carry the outside leaf
of a cavity wall.
• For medium spans – a channel or joist section is usually suitable.
• For long spans – a universal beam section to design calculations will be needed.
CONCRETE, These can be designed as in-situ or precast reinforced beams or lintels and
can be used for all spans.
STONE, These can be natural, artificial or reconstructed stone but are generally used as
BRICK, Unless reinforced with mild steel bars or mesh, brick are only suitable for small
spans up to 1 m.
ARCHES
These are arrangements of wedge-shaped bricks designed to support each other and carry
the load over the opening round a curved profile to
abutments on either side.
JAMBS
In solid walls these are bonded to give the required profile and strength; examples of bonded
jambs.
SILL
The function of a sill is to shed the rain water, which has run down the face of the window or
door and collected at the base, away from the opening and
the face of the wall.
CONSERVATION OF FUEL ENERGY
However, much of our existing housing stock is consturcted in this manner.
CHECKED OPENINGS
REVEAL
That part of an opening returning at right angles from the front face of a wall.then what do
you know about the Dimas wood framed house?
Dimas :"....."
"......"
"........"
"Jan lupa buat pertanyaan terkait sub bab selanjutnya"
Hanan : "......"
Penutupan*