Energy of Modulated Signals

(Contd)

308201- Communication Systems 56

 Energy of Modulated Signals
(Contd)
• Observe that the area under is half the area under
because the energy of the signal is proportional to the
area under its ESD.
• The energy of the modulated signal is
half the energy of . That is,

• The same applies to power signals. That is, if is a power

signal then

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 Time Autocorrelation Function
and ESD
• For a real signal the autocorrelation function is

• Do you remember the correlation of two signals? The

autocorrelation function measure the correlation between
and all its translated versions.
• Notice

• Autocorrelation function of and its ESD form a Fourier

transform pair i.e.,

308201- Communication Systems 58

 Time Autocorrelation Function
and ESD
• The Fourier transform of the autocorrelation function is the
Energy Spectral Density! i.e.,

Proof:

The Fourier transform of is . Therefore,

• Thus correlation can be viewed as the time domain

counterpart of energy spectral density!

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 ESD of the Input and the Output

• If and are the input and the corresponding output of a LTI

system, then

Therefore,

This shows that

• Thus, the output signal ESD is times the input signal ESD.

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 Signal Power and
Power Spectral Density
• The power of a real signal is given by

• Let be a power signal with infinite energy. The truncated signal

is an energy signal as is finite.

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 Signal Power and
Power Spectral Density
• As long as is finite, the truncated signal has finite energy

• Hence, the power of is given by

• Exchange the order of integration and the limiting operation.

Thus

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 Signal Power and
Power Spectral Density
• Let us define

• The frequency dependent function is called the power

Spectral Density (PSD) of . Thus,

• The power is times the area under the PSD.

• The result is parallel to ESD and signal energy relationship for
energy signals.
• If is a voltage signal, the units of PSD are volts squared
per .
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 Time autocorrelation Function of
Power Signals
• The (time) autocorrelation function of a real deterministic
power signal is defined as

• Using the same derivation as ESD, autocorrelation can be viewed as

the time domain counterpart of power spectral density.

• If and are the input and the corresponding output of a LTI

system, then

• Thus, the output signal PSD is the input signal PSD.

308201- Communication Systems 64

Relationships for Energy
and Power Signals

308201- Communication Systems 65