CLOCKS AND CALENDARS

CLOCKS
General Concept

The face or dial of a watch is a circle whose circumference is divided into 60 equal
parts,called minute spaces.
A clock has two hands; the smaller one is called the hour hand or short hand while the
larger one is called the minute hand or long hand.

Important points:

a) In every 60 minutes, the minute hand gains 55 minutes on the hour hand

b) In every hour, both the hands coincide once ,i.e 0 degrees.

c) The hands are in the same straight line when they are coincident or opposite to each
other.
i.e 0 degrees or 180 degrees.

d) When the two hands are at right angles, they are 15 minute spaces apart ,i.e. 90
degrees.

e) When the hands are in the opposite directions, they are 30 minute spaces apart,i.e
180 degrees.

f) Angle traced by hour hand in 12hrs = 360 degrees.

g) Angle traced by minute hand in 60 min = 360 degrees.

If a watch or a clock indicated 8.15, when the correct time is 8, it is said to be 15 minutes
too fast. On the other hand, if it indicates 7.45, when the correct time is 8, it is said to be
15 minutes slow.

h) 60 min --> 360 degrees, 1 min --> 6 degree.

i) The hands of a clock coincide in a day or 24 hours is 22 times, in 12hours 11 times

j) The hands of clock are straight in a day is 44 times.

k) The hands of a clock at right angle in a day are 44 times.

l) The hands of a clock in straight line but opposite in direction is 22 times per day

NOTE:

11𝑀
𝜃= | − 30𝐻|
2
Here 𝜃 = Angle b/w Hour Hand and Minute H and M = Minute H and H = Hour Hand
 CALENDAR

General concept
Ordinary year = 365 days
Leap year = 366 days
(i) Ordinary year which is divisible by 4, is a leap year.
(ii) Century year which is divisible by 400, is a leap year.

To find Odd days

Ordinary year = 1 odd day
Leap year = 2 odd days
100 years= 5 odd days
200 years= 3 odd days
300 years = 1 odd day
400 years= 0 odd day

General Method (To find the day)

[Completed Century]+[Completed Year]+[Month]+Date
Same Calendar Concept

Form Add Number of Years

4n 28 Years (General Case)
4n+1 6 Years
4n+2 11 Years
4n+3 11 Years