Third Wave » Secondly, third wave feminism aims > to be intersectional » Intersectionality examines the interconnected structure of society that includes + race, class, gender, sexual orientation + other defining characteristics. It critiques the different experiences of intersecting identities like * being a Black woman versus a white woman » acknowledging that the former faces a more complicated form of oppression than the latterThird Wave » Intersectional feminism is key to the third wave because it acknowledges the limited world views of previous white, middle class, and heteronormative waves talks about diverse identities argues that previous feminist waves were dominated by women of Western White Middle Aged Working Class EliteThird Wave Lastly, third wave feminism reclaims traditionally sexist images redefines what it means to be a “woman.” + Plays like Eve Ensler’s “The Vagina Monologues” push words like “vagina” into popular culture * Icons like Madonna and Queen Latifah + sought to display that women could be domineering and powerful rather than shy and passive ~ In fact, the third wave is also referred to as + “grrel feminism” + because it empowers women to define their own beauty rather than be objects of men’s desire.Third Wave - Critique > However, “Vagina Monologues” > promotes the idea that being a women is equivalent to having a vagina which invalidates trans identities Some third-wavers are adamant about this definition of “woman” which only benefits cisgender women but stifles trans rights. Critiques like this have led to the rise of fourth wave feminismFourth Wave Fourth wave feminism is not commonly classified as separate from the third wave because they share many similarities It differs from the previous wave, because it prioritizes making feminist critique in public discourse through public spaces and social media Examples of how the fourth wave catapults feminism into the public spotlight through the hands of non-academics Body positivity movements, sexual assault awareness and slutwalksFourth Wave Body positivity movements * Body positivity is acceptance and appreciation of all human body types + It isa social movement rooted in the belief that all human beings should have a positive body image * be accepting of their own bodies as well as the bodies of others Sexual assault awareness * campaign to raise public awareness about sexual assault and educate communities and individuals on how to prevent sexual violence * Sexual assault awareness day is celebrated in April Slutwalks * SlutWalk is a transnational movement of protest marches calling for an end to + rape culture + victim blaming + slut shaming of sexual assault victimsFourth Wave Some believe the most defining aspect of the fourth wave is how it utilizes the internet and social media creating a“call out” culture » where feminists concentrate on micropolitics » everyday rhetoric online. An example of this would be the the #metoo campaign, which employs hashtag activism to spread awareness of feminist issues. We must acknowledge the preceding waves of feminisms that are built from earlier women’s accomplishments in order to better understand where feminism lies today where the future of feminism is heading.Colonial and Capitalistic Perspective Capitalist perspective of the gender e Western pattern of life is highly centralized with the capitalist mindset ¢ Thought of most the time about the financial gains ¢ Most likely to ponder upon the capitalismColonial and Capitalistic Perspective e The combined > force of free trade economy, ° private ownership > even the workforce maxim > employee and employer relations could be beneficial in getting the maximum benefits from. the streamline of gender in the society.Colonial and Capitalistic Perspective Colonial perspective of the gender © The ordinary people and the daily lives can disrupt from the interventions of capitalist mindset « Women oppression could rise but this is not a full truth ¢ Capitalism creates divide among people » Leads to hoarding of capital Exploitation ChainColonial and Capitalistic Perspective The capitalist mode of production » is the way that hindered the performance of working class » The community can get the real meaning of working style in all aspects Profit Motive > The gender relations is important in exploration of different aspects in the society PESTEL ANALYSISColonial and Capitalistic Perspective > The capitalist mode of production » is the way that hindered the performance of working class The community can get the real meaning of working style in all aspects * Profit Motive » The gender relations is important in exploration of different aspects in the society » PESTEL ANALYSISDifference between Agrarian and Industrialized Societies e Women in: > Labor Market > Politics and Governance Education > Health > MediaGender Studies Lecture Topics to be covered today: -Autonomy vs. Integration Debate -Queer Theory -Gender and Development -Strategic Gender Needs and Practical Gender Needs -Nature vs NurtureAutonomy vs. Integration Debate Should women studies be studied in autonomy or in integration to different disciplines? “Autonomy” in GS means a woman should be independent to lead her life as per her choice. Self-directive modes self-governing approach are the core ideological crux of autonomy. os . . QR Feminist connect the idea of violence to subordination of women to male counterpart Still a relatively radical strategyAutonomy vs. Integration Debate ‘Integration” means that male and female cannot live separately. They have been created for each other to fulfill their innate desires. There must be an understanding and compromising attitudes from both sides All types of resources must be distributed equally among both sexes legal provision must be given to their fundamental rights without any discriminatory and biased policy Talks about moderate policiesDefinitions/ Terminologies LESBIAN: Women attraction to other women. GAY: Used in some cultural settings to represent men who are attracted to men. Not all men who engage in same-gender sexual behavior identify as gay. BISEXUAL or BI: A person who experiences attraction to people of their own gender as well as other genders, not necessarily at the same time, in the same way, or to the same degree, TRANSGENDER: A person who lives as a member of a gender other than that expected based on sex or gender assigned at birth. Sexual orientation varies and is not dependent on gender identity. TRANS WOMAN: An identity label sometimes adopted by male-to-female trans people to signify that they are women TRANS MAN: An identity label sometimes adopted by female- to-male trans people to signify that they are men,Definitions QUEER: A political statement, as well as a sexual orientation, which advocates breaking binary thinking and seeing both sexual orientation and gender identity as potentially fluid. The term is a simple label to explain a complex set of sexual behaviors and desires, For example, a person who is attracted to multiple genders may identify as queer. Many older LGBT people feel the word has been hatefully used against them for too long and are reluctant to embrace it.“Queer” can be used as an umbrella term to refer to all LGBTQI people. QUESTIONING: An individual who is unsure of and/or exploring their gender identity and/or sexual orientation ASEXUAL: A person who does not experience sexual attraction. | They may or may not experience emotional, physical, or romantic attraction Asexuality differs from celibacy in that it is a sexual orientation, not a choice. People who are asexual may call themselves ace. AROMANTIC: A person who experiences little or no romantic attraction to others.Definitions PANSEXUAL An attraction to people regardless of their gender. A pansexual person may be attracted to their own gender, as well as other genders. CISGENDER: someone who feels comfortable with the gender identity assigned to them based on their sex assigned at birth. LGBTQI- ALLY: Someone who confronts heterosexism, anti- LGBTQIA biases, heterosexual and cisgender privilege in themselves and others; believes that heterosexism, homophobia, biphobia, and transphobia are social justice issues.