• At beam section where bending moment M exists, normal

stress  (orientation is normal/perpendicular to cross

section) is
 =  M y / Iz
where Iz is 2nd moment of area of cross section & y is the
distance measured perpendicularly from neutral axis (NA).
• Better to ignore –ve sign and determine
p
tension/compression from visualization (see
( next slide).
)
• Maximum normal stress will occur at the extreme edge
(where y is a maximum).  = 0 at neutral axis.

N A
 MUST be able to sketch element, at any point on a
structure, showing direction of normal stress (bending &
axial load)
4.16

From
40 mm d1 bottom
1 A(mm2) y (mm) Ay ( mm 3 )
15 mm
30 mm
d2 1 600 22.5 13500
17.5 mm
2 2 300 7.5 2250
 900 15750
20 mm

Y   Ay / A 15750 / 900 17.5 mm from bottom

ytop = 30 – 17.5 = 12.5 mm
ybottom = 17.5 mm
I1 =(bh3/12+Ad2)1 = (40/12)(153)+(600)(12.5-15/2)2=? mm4
(bh3/12+Ad2)2 = (20/12)(153)+(300)(17.5-15/2)
I2 =(bh )+(300)(17 5-15/2)2=?? mm4
I=I1+I2 = 61.875x10-9 m4
M=  I / y
Top: M = 118.8 Nm (tension)
Bottom : M = 106.1 Nm (comp)
Choose smaller M = 106.1 Nm
Sketch element??
PROBLEM 4.99 Determine the stress at points A & B, (a) for the loading
shown, (b) if the 60-kN loads are applied at points 1 & 2
only.
only

Note: always transfer all forces to the

centroid of the section of interest

Sketch element??
PROBLEM 4.122

45 mm

(always transfer all forces to the centroid of

the section of interest)

Pd
P

- Solve eqns
q ((1)) & ((2)) to find M=2.835 kNm & P=94.5 kN.

- Find d=30 mm from M = Pd.

Sketch element??
PROBLEM
4.144

(section properties to be obtained from the Appendix of the textbook)

My

Mz

+
Solve: My = 1
1.84
84 kNm
a = My / P = 36.8 mm

Note: always transfer all forces to the centroid of the section of interest before calculating stresses
Pa P

75P